Difference between in Chemistry
| Soluble and insoluble substances | Transparent material translucent material | |
| Transparent material & opaque material | Translucent material & opaque material | |
|
Rough material & smooth material |
Evaporation and Boiling | |
| Hand picking and Winnowing | Sieving and Winnowing | Thrashing and Sieving |
| Threshing & Winnowing | Handpicking & sieving | |
| Sedimentation & Decantation | Decantation and Filtration | |
| Filtration Vs Evaporation | Decantation and Evaporation | |
| Sedimetation and Condensation | Condensation Vs Filtration | |
|
Expansion & construction |
Physical change & chemical change | Melting & boiling |
| Evaporation and Melting | Changes that can be reversed or cannot be reversed |
|
| Oxygen & carbon dioxide | Carbon dioxide & nitrogen | |
| Dust & smoke | Smoke & water vapours |
|
| Natural fibre & synthetic fibre | Shearing and reeling | |
| Natural silk & artificial silk | Reeling of silk & shearing of sheep |
Cocoon & fleece |
|
Silk moth & silk worm |
Silk & Cotton | |
| Clinical thermometer & Laboratory thermometer | Conductors and Insulators |
Conductance & resistance |
|
Difference between the sea breeze & land breeze on the basis of flow of air during the day and night |
Convection & Radiation | Difference between summer clothes & winter clothes on the basis of temperature |
| Conduction & Convection | Dry corrosion and Wet corrosion | |
|
Acids & bases |
Acidic & basic | Naturals indicators & artificial indicators |
| Neutralisations & acidity (reaction occurring in stomach) | China rose & phenolphthalein |
Acids and neutrals |
|
Bases & neutrals |
Red litmus paper and blue litmus paper | Acetic acid & calcium hydroxide |
| Physical change and chemical change | Physical properties & chemical properties |
Galvanization and crystallization |
|
Rusting of iron & crystalisation |
Rusting of iron & bending of plastic |
|
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Rayon & nylon |
Synthetic fibres & natural fibres | Rayon & cotton |
| Nylon & wool | Silk & artificial silk |
Polyester and polymer |
|
Polycot and polywool |
Acrylic and wool | Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics |
| Bakelite & melamine | Biodegradable and non- biodegradable |
Terycot and terylene |
|
Synthetic plastics & fibres usel and side effecets |
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| Physical properties of metals & physical properties of non metals | Malleability and duetility |
Metals & non metals |
|
Good conductor & bad conductor |
Conductance & resistance | Ductility & |
| Chemical properties of metals and chemical properties of non metals | Physical properties of metals & chemical properties of metals |
Chemical properties of metals & chemical properties of non metals |
|
Reaction of metals & non metals with acid |
Reaction of non metals with bases | Metals and metalloids |
| Non metals & metalloids | Coal and coal tar |
Coal and petroleum |
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Exhaustible natural resources |
Limited natural resources & unlimited natural resources | Coke and coal |
| Fossil and petroleum |
|
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|
Combustible &non combustible |
Flammable substances &inflammable substances | Rapid combustion and spontaneous combustion |
| Combustion and explosion | Solid |
|
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Global warming &acid rain |
Forestation &deforestation | Complete combustion & incomplete combustion |
| Smog and smoke | Air pollutants & water pollutants |
Green house effect and acid rain |
|
global warming and acid rain |
Recycle of water and reusing of water |
Polluted water and potable water |
|
Liquid state – solid state |
Liquid state – gaseous state | Solid state –gaseous state |
| Evaporation -sublimation | Difference between the effect of changes in temperature and effect of changes in pressure on the states of matter |
Latent heat of vaporization &latent heat of fusion |
|
Vaporization and condensation |
Sublimation & deposition |
Fusion & solidification |
|
Melting point and boiling point |
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Mixture and solution
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Solvent & solute | Homogeneous mixture & heterogeneous mixture |
| Suspension & colloidal solution | Metals & alloys |
Saturated solution and unsaturated solution |
|
Dispersed phase & dispersion medium |
Volatile & non volatile components | Miscible liquids & immiscible liquids |
| Evaporation & sublimation | Distillation & fractional distillation |
Distillation & crystalisations |
|
Elements & compounds |
Metals & non metals | Mixtures and compounds |
| Pure substance & mixtures |
|
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Atom & molecules |
Atomic mass & atomic number | Molecule of elements & molecules of compounds |
|
Atom & ion |
Mole & mass |
Mole & Avogadro number |
|
Molecular mass & formula unit mass |
Monoatomic & diatomic |
Law of conservation of mass and law of constant propertions |
|
Electron & proton |
Electron & neutron | Proton and neutron |
| Thomson’s model & Rutherford’s model of atom | Thomson’s model & Bohr’s model of atom |
Rutherford’s model & Bohr’s model of mass |
|
Difference between the shells & subshell on the basis of distribution of electors |
Atomic number & mass number |
Isotopes & isobars |
|
Combination reaction & decomposition reaction |
Combination reaction & displacement reaction | Combination reaction & double displacement reaction |
| Combination reaction & | Decomposition reaction & displacement reaction |
Decomposition reaction & double displacement reaction |
|
Decomposition reaction &oxidation – reduction |
Displacement & double displacement | Displacement &oxidation -reduction |
| Double displacement & oxidation – reduction |
Oxidation and reduction |
|
|
Acid & base |
Backing soda and washing soda | Natural & artificial indicators |
| Acids and salts | Red litmus paper & blue |
Acidic nature and basic nature |
| Metals & non metals | Physical properties of metals &chemical properties of metals | Calcification &and roasting |
| Reaction of metal with water and reaction of metal with acids | Ores and gangue | Extraction of metal of low activity series and extraction of metal in |
|
Extraction of metal of low activity series to high activity series |
Physical properties of metals & non metals |
|
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Saturated and unsaturated carbon compound |
Addition reaction and substitution reaction | Soap and detergent |
| Combustion and oxidation | Alkane & alkene |
Alkane & alkyne |
|
Alcohol & aldehyde |
Keaton & carboxylic acid | Ethanol & ethanoic acid |
| Alkene & alkyne | Ketone aldehyde |
Alcohol & carboxylic acid |
|
Dobereiner triads – Newlands octaves |
Periods and groups |
Atomic mass & atomic number |
|
Isotopes & isobars |
Lanthanides and Actinides |
Transitions & inner transitions |
|
Metallic & non metallic properties of elements |
Column & rows |
Class 11 (Chemistry)
Chapter 1
- Empirical formula and Molecular formula
- Mole and Mole fraction
- Molarity and Molality
- Molecules and Compound
- Mixture and Pure substance
- Mole percent and Mole fraction
- Polyatomic molecule and Diatomic molecule
- Density of substance and Volume of substance
- Mass of substance and Volume of substance
- Length and Mass
- English system of measurement and Metric system
- Element and Compound
- Physical and Chemical properties of matter
- Homogeneous mixture and Heterogeneous mixture
- Solid and Gas
- Atom and Molecule
Chapter 2
- Proton and Neutron
- Electron and Proton
- Ground state and Excited state
- Orbit and Orbitals
- Principle quantum number and Magnetic quantum number
- Magnetic quantum number and Azimuthal quantum number
- Azimuthal quantum number and Electron spin quantum number
- Principle quantum number and Azimuthal quantum number
- Emission spectra and Absorption spectra
- Atomic emissions and Atomic absorption
- Atomic number and Mass number
Chapter 3
Class 12
Chapter 1 – The Solid State
- Amorphous solid and Crystalline solid
- Non-Polar Molecular Solid and Polar Molecular Solid
- Covalent solid and metallic solid
- Schottky defect and frenkel defect
- Body centred and face centred cubic unit cell
- Primitive unit cell and Centered unit cell
- Point defect and Line defect
- Stoichiometric defects and Non-stoichiometric Defects
- Metal excess defect and metal deficient defects
- Hexagonal close packing and Cubic close packing
- Locating tetrahedral Voids and Locating Octahedral Voids
- Conductors and semi conductor
- Electron rich impurities and electron deficient impurities
- Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances
Chapter 2 – Solutions
- Melting point and Freezing point
- Ideal solution and Non-ideal solution
- Melting point and boiling point
- Molarity and Molality
- Hypotonic solution and hypertonic solution
- Osmosis and Reverse osmosis
- Solute and Solvent
- Solute and Solvent
Chapter 3 – Electrochemistry
- Galvanic cell and electrolytic cell
- Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous reaction
- cell EMF and cell Potential Difference
- Conductor and semi conductor
- Insulators and Superconductors
- Primary batteries and secondary batteries
Chapter 5 – Surface Chemistry
- Adsorbent molecule and absorbent molecule
- Adsorption and Absorption
- Lyophilic colloids and Lyophobic colloids
- Colloid and Solution
- Homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts
Chapter 6 – General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
