SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Geography of The World
SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Geography of The World full exercise Solution, Notes, Question Answer by Social Science Geography Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 all Question Answer Solution.
Board |
SEBA / Assam State Board |
Class |
10 |
Medium |
English Medium |
Subject |
Social Science Geography |
Chapter |
3 |
Chapter Name |
Geography of The World |
Topic |
Solution |
Question and Answer
1.) Write in brief about the earth’s lithosphere and hydrosphere.
Ans.
Lithosphere-It is the land on the surface of the earth which is slightly above the sea-level. Around 300 million years ago it was a single landmass surrounded by hydrosphere. Slowly through the process of continent drift the lithosphere broke down into different continents of Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and Antarctica. A large portion of Lithosphere which is about 67 per cent forms the Northern Hemisphere and about 90 per cent of the earth’s human population lives in the northern hemisphere.
Hydrosphere- It is the large portion of water present in the oceans and seas, rivers and lakes which surrounds the earth’s Lithosphere is known as Hydrosphere. A large portion of the hydrosphere around 57 per cent is present in the Southern Hemisphere.
2.) How was the earth in the early days according to the Continental Drift Theory?
Ans.
The earth is the only habitat of man with a total surface area of 510 million square kilometers. Only about 29 per cent of the earth’s surface area, is covered by land and the remaining 71 per cent is covered with water.According to the Continental Drift Theory about 300 million years ago lithosphere was a single landmass surrounded by hydrosphere. This landmass was known as Pangea and the hydrosphere was known as Panthalassa. After a certain period of time this landmass was fractured causing the formation of an elongated sea known as Tethys. Tethys divided the Pangea into two different parts known as Angaraland or Laurasia in the northern side and Gondowana Land in the south. About 250 million years ago more splitting and continental drift took place causing the Gondwanaland and Laurasia divide more into 4 pieces towards equator and the west and the present continents were formed.Finally, according to the theory of continental drift, North America, Greenland and the landmass of Europe and Asia north of Indian sub-continent were formed after division of the Laurasia. On the other hand, following division of the Gondwanaland South America, Africa, Madagaskar, India, Arabian region, Malayasia and its other islands, Australia, Antarctica, etc were formed.
3.) Write briefly about the topography of the ocean floor.
Ans.
Topography of the ocean is rugged and uneven; the water surface is smooth. There are mountains, hills, plateaus, plains etc make the floor of the ocean. The average depth of the ocean floor is around 4000 meters. The depth of the floor increases in the centre and many landforms are found like Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Deep Sea Plain, Oceanic Canyon, Oceanic Ridge and Island and Deep Sea Trench are common features in the middle of oceans and seas. Continental Shelf is the shallow parts of the oceans and seas surrounding the coasts at around the depth of 2000 meters, the Continental slope is the very deep oceanic floor of about 8000 meter in the middle of the ocean. Other features are oceanic trench, scattered ridges, islands etc which are just above the sea level.
4.) Write briefly about the distribution of oceans and continents.
Ans.
The continents of North America, Greenland and the landmass of Europe and Asia north of Indian sub-continent were formed after division of the Laurasia andafter the division of the Gondwanaland South America, Africa, Madagaskar, India, Arabian region, Malayasia and its other islands, Australia, Antarctica, etc were formed. All the oceans and seas of the earth are linked with each other except the Caspian Sea, Dead Sea and Aral Sea.Out of five oceans, three oceans, the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian, are evenly spread to both northern and southern hemispheres. The Pacific Ocean is located between Asia, North America, and South America, the Atlantic Ocean is situated in between North America and South America, Europe and Africa. The Indian Ocean is in the south of Asia, east of Africa and west of Oceania. The Arctic Ocean is located in the north of North America, Europe, and Asia and the Southern Ocean is located on the south of Asia, East of Africa and west of Oceania.
5.) Write in short about the landforms present on the earth’s land surface.
Ans.
The earth is the only habitat of man, and is very large. Its total surface area is 510 million square km. 29 per cent of the earth’s surface area, that is 149 million square km is covered by land and the remaining 71 per cent, 361 million square km is covered with water.The presence of hills and mountains, plateaus, plains, coastal plains, etc has made the topography of the lithosphere highly rugged and uneven. The topography is not similar through out all parts of the lithosphere. Some parts are covered with mountains and some parts are covered with plains, deserts or both. The Himalayas are the world’s highest mountains which is located in Asia. The world’s highest mountain peak is Everest which is about 8,848 metres.
6.) Briefly discuss the physical characteristics of Asia.
Asia is the largest continent in the world with a land area of 44.6 million km2 and the continent covers about 30 per cent of the earth’s land area. It is mainly located in the northern hemisphereand lies between 780 north latitudes in the north to 10 north latitudes in the south, and 250 east longitudes in the west to 1700 west longitude in the east. The islands located in the Pacific Ocean, such as Japan, Taiwan, Philippine, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, etc and islands located in the Indian ocean, such as Andaman and Nicobar, Sri Lanka, Lakshadweep, Maldives, Bahrain, etc are situated Asia. The continent of Asia is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean on the north; the Indian ocean on the south; the Bering strait and the Pacific Ocean on the east; and theRed sea, Suez Canal, Mediterranean Sea, Caucasusmountain, Caspian sea, Ural river and Ural mountain range on the west. Asia is covered with high mountain ranges, plateaus, river valleys, low-lands, coastal plains, islands, deserts, etc. Its central part is full of mountains and plateaus The Himalayas mountains have the world’s highest peak, the Everest with 8,848 metres, second highest peak Godwin Austin, 8,611metres also is situated here. Rivers like the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra,Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Barak, Menam, Irawati and Mekong are found here. Lakes like Balkhas, Baikal, Chilka, Sambar, Dal, Pulikat, Kolleru, Loktak, etc are found here. Gobi, Thar and Arabian deserts are situated in the continent of Asia.
7.) Give your answer with reasons:
(a) Why do 90 per cent of the world’s total population concentrate in the northern hemisphere?
(b) What is the reason behind lack of permanent human settlement in Antarctica?
Ans.
a.) The Northern Hemisphere have fertile soil, more than 67% of the lithosphere is present in the Northern Hemisphere which makes it congenial for more 90 % of the population to reside in this hemisphere. All the resources, minerals, varied types of flora and fauna are available in the northern Hemisphere which are necessary for human survival.
b.) The continent of Antarctica is snow covered throughout the year and does not have any permanent human settlement. The weather conditions are very harsh, climate is very cold and the does not allow growth of any natural vegetation. Agriculture is also not much possible. Thus, there is lack of permanent settlement in Antartica.
8.) Give short answer to the following questions:
(a) Which has created a natural boundary between Asia and Europe?
(b) Which is the longest mountain range of the world and where it is located?
(c) In terms of land area which are the largest and smallest countries of the world?
(d) Which country of the world is spread to two continents?
(e) In terms of population which are the largest and smallest countries of the world?
(f) What is the name of the major mountain range of North America? In which part of the
continent is it located?
(g) Which is the world’s largest desert and where is it located?
(h) Write the names of two northerly and two easterly rivers of Asia.
(i) Write the names of one each of major mountain range, river and desert of Australia.
(j) Write the names of three countries of Europe located in the Mediterranean region.
Answer:
a.) Ural Mountains- The continent of Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountain ranges and these ranges act as natural boundaries.
b.) The longest mountain range in the world is the Andes Mountain ranges which is located in the western part of the continent of South America and has a length of about 8000 kilometers.
c.) Russia is the world’s largest country in terms of land area. Vatican City is the smallest country in the world in terms of surface area.
d.) Russia is a country that spreads to two continents.
e.) India is the world’s most populous country with a population of 1.43 billion and Vatican City is the world’s least populated country with population of 1000 approximately.
f.) The major mountain range of North America is the Rocky Mountain Ranges which is situated in western part of North America from Alaska to Mexico in north -south direction.
g.) Sahara Desert is the world’s largest desert situated in Africa.
h.) The Ganga and the Indus are the two easterly flowing rivers and Ob and Lena are the two northerly flowing rivers of Asia.
i.) The major mountain ranges of Australia are Snowy Mountain, River Murray is the main river of Australia and Great Victoria Desert is the important desert of Australia.
j.) The three European countries located in the Mediterranean region are Spain, Italy and Greece.
9.) Write short notes:
(a) Pangaea
(b) Arctic Ocean
(c) The Continent of Oceania
(d) The rivers of Asia
(e) The lakes of Africa
(f) The rivers of Europe
(g) The Appalachian Highland Region
(h) The lakes of North America
Answer:
Short notes on:
a) Pangaea-In the early-stage formation of landmasses, around 300 million years ago, earth’s lithosphere was together as a single landmass which was known as Pangaea. It was divided into two parts, north part known as Angaraland or Laurasia and south part known as Gondwana Land.
b.) Arctic Ocean- Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world and it has an area of 14 million sq kilometers. It is one-fifth of the Indian ocean. The Arctic oceans is of circular shape and surrounds the North Pole. The northern part of Asia, Europe and North America surround the Arctic Ocean. The depth of the ocean is about 3500 meters. It is covered with thick ice during most part of the year.
c.) The Continent of Oceania-It is formed by the great island of Australia and many other small and large islands. It is located in South-west Pacific Ocean. It is completely a part of Southern Hemisphere. The land area is about 8 million sq. kilometer and consists of 5.4% of the world’s total land area. It has around 14 continents and around 38 million population.
d.) The rivers of Asia- Many large rivers originate from the highlands of Asia through mountains, hills and plateaus and flow into the oceans and seas in north, south and east direction. These rivers have formed a number of fertile plains and deltas. Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus are all flowing in the south -central part of the continent. Yangtze Kiang and Sikiang rivers flow in the eastern part,Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Barak, Menam, Irawati and Mekong rivers flow in the south and south-east.
e.) The lakes of Africa-The second largest continent of the world is Africa. The continent is full of rivers and lakes. Lakes like Victoria, Albert, Tanganyika, Chad, Volta, Nyasa, Cabora Bassa, Malawi, Turkana, Kivu, Kochow, Abbe, etc are found in this continent. Lake Victoria is the world’s third largest freshwater lake; Lake Malawi is the world’s eighth -largest fresh water lake by size. All the lakes constitute one-fourth of the world’s unfrozen surface fresh water and one-tenth of world’s fish species.
f.) The rivers of Europe– The continent of Europe is full of rivers, lakes etc. Elbro of Spain; Rhone and Seine of France; Rhine and Elbe of Germany; Oder and Vistula of Poland; Danube of Austria, Hungary and Romania; Dnieper of Balarus and Ukraine; Po of Italy; Thames of the Great Britain; Don, Volga and Ural of Russia, etc are some important rivers of Europe.
g.) The Appalachian Highland Region – The physiographic divisions of North America can be divided into four divisions- (1) Rocky mountainous region, (2) Great upland plain region, (3) Appalachian Highland region, and (4) Coastal lowland plains. The eastern part extending from Newfoundland in the north to Florida in the south being characterized by hills and mountains, narrow valleys, fragmented plateaus, etc forms the rugged Appalachian highlands. The highest peak of Appalachian Mountain region is Mount. Mitchell in North Carolina whose height is 6684 feet.
h.) The lakes of North America-North America has been gifted with many lakes and rivers.The major lakes of the continent include Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Great Bear, Great Slave, Winnipeg and Great Salt. These are mostly freshwater lakes and constitute about 21% of world’s surface freshwater.
10.) Write the differences between:
(a) Continental shelf and Continental slope
(b) Everest Peak and Godwin Austin Peak
(c) The Continent of Oceania and the Continent of Antarctica
(d) Gobi desert and Atacama desert
Answer:
a.) Continental Shelf- The shallow part of the oceans and seas surrounding the coasts is called the Continental Shelf. It has a depth of about 200 meters.
Continental Slope-The Continental Slope comes after the Continental Shelf. It is a very deep oceanic floor. It has a depth of about 4000 meters.
b.) Everest Peak- It is the highest on the earth. The height is about 8848 meters. It belongs to the Himalayan Mountain system.
Godwin Austin Peak- It is the second highest peak. The height is about 8611 meters. It belongs to the Karakoram Mountain system.
c.) The Continent of Oceania -It is formed by the great island of Australia and many other small and large islands. It is located in South-west Pacific Ocean. It is completely a part of Southern Hemisphere. It has around 14 continents and around 38 million population.
Continent of Antarctica- It is located in the South Pole and it is the southernmost landmass located in the south of the Southern Ocean. There are no permanent human settlements.
d.) Gobi Desert- It is situated in Asia. It is a very dry desert. It has dunes, mountains and rare animals like snow leopards.
Atacama Desert- It is located in the extremely rainless dry parts of the Andes Mountain ranges in South America. It has a stretch of 1600 km. It is the largest fog desert.
11.) Choose the correct answer:
(a) Which is the world’s second largest ocean?
(1) Pacific Ocean (2) Indian Ocean
(3) Atlantic Ocean (4) Southern Ocean
(b) Which is smallest continent of the world?
(1) North America (2) Europe (3) Antarctica (4) Oceania
(c) In which ocean Falkland island is located?
(1) Atlantic Ocean (2) Arctic Ocean
(3) Pacific Ocean (4) Indian Ocean
(d) Which sea has separated the continents of Asia and Africa?
(1) Mediterranean Sea (2) Red Sea
(3) Caspian Sea (4) Arabian Sea
(e) What has naturally separated Asia from Europe?
(1) Ural mountain range (2) Caucasus mountain
(3) Caspian Sea (4) Volga river
(f) In which continent is Ecuador located?
(1) North America (2) South America
(3) Africa (4) Asia
(g) What is the capital of Brazil?
(1) Rio de Janeiro (2) Sao Paulo
(3) Brasilia (4) Lima
Answer:
Choose correct options:
a.) Atlantic Ocean
b.) Oceania
c.) Atlantic Ocean
d.) Red Sea
e.) Ural Mountains
f.) South America
g.) Brasilia
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