Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource: SEBA Class 10 Question Answer Solution
Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource SEBA Boarde Class 10 (X) Geography Question Answer Solution, Notes. Students can also take this Notes in Pdf format.
1.) What is Economic Geography? What is its main subject matter? Mention the important branches of Economic Geography.
The branch of Geography which studies the human activities in relation to the production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources in a given space and time is known as Economic Geography. The main important branches of Economic geography are as follows:
Agricultural Geography, Industrial Geography, Geography Resources, Transport Geography, Geography of Marketing, geography of Planning and Development and Geography of Tourism.
2.) Write in brief about the scope of Economic Geography.
The Economic Geography studies the types of economic activities and distribution of the economic activities and the factors that affect and influence them. The scope of Economic Geography deals with questions like i. Where is the economic activity located? ii. What are the characteristics of the economic activity? iii. To what factors are the economic activity related? iv. Why is the economic activity located where it is? v. Would it not better if located elsewhere? The traditional form of Economic Geography deals with the first three questions and the modern Economic Geography deals with the latter questions.
3.) What do you mean by economic activities of man? What are such economic activities?
According to the father of Economic Geography, George Chisholm, the main aim of the economic geography is understanding the development of economic activities of a given place which are result of the economic activities that are performed by humans. The works that a man perform to earn money, riches, comforts of life through the use of limited and finite resources is known as economic activities of a man. The main economic activities of a man are as follows: –
i.) Primary Occupations-The activities through which man uses the resources from the nature through activities like fishing, mining, agriculture etc are called Primary Occupations.
ii.) Secondary Occupations- The human activities that include activities of production of useful commodities from the resources that are acquired from the resources of the nature are known as Secondary Occupations.
iii.) Tertiary Occupations- The human activities through which the commodities produced by humans through the use of primary and secondary activities for consumption are known as Tertiary occupations. Transport, Communication, Marketing, wholesale or retail selling, Tourism etc.
iv.) Quaternary Occupations- The activities through which the primary and secondary activities are easily, effectively and productively reached to the consumers are known as Quaternary occupations. Bank or other financial institutions, publicity media, administration, education and research etc.
4.) Write briefly about the subject matter of the important branches of Economic Geography.
The human activities are varied; thus, the subject matters or branches of Economic Geography are also different and wide ranging. The branches are as follows:
i.) Agricultural Geography- It is an important branch and is associated with agricultural activities, types of agriculture, distributions of agricultural activities, crops production etc , theories related to agricultural activities are studied.
ii.) Industrial Geography- The economic and various factors attached with the establishment of the industry, types of industry and geographical distribution, production of goods, theories of industries, marketing and export-import of industrial produces are studied.
iii.) Geography of Resources-Different types of resources, regional distribution of resources, the factors related to the exploration, production of resources, relationship between resource and development, conservation and management of resources are studied.
iv.) Transport Geography- Types of transport system and factors associated with it, role of transport on resources distribution, role of transport in movement and economic activities of man, towards economic development, agricultural development etc are studied.
v.) Geography of Marketing- The requirement of markets, types of markets, distribution of markets, the related theories etc are studied.
vi.) Geography of Planning and Development – The factors associated with economic development, planning strategies, sustainable development, regional and resource-based development process etc are studied.
vii.) Geography of Tourism -The factors related to tourism, types of tourism, development and planning process of tourism system are studied.
5.) Why ‘Resource Geography’ is known as an important branch of Economic Geography?
Different types of resources, regional distribution of resources, the factors related to the exploration, production of resources, relationship between resource and development, conservation and management of resources are studied. The development of a country is very much dependent on the availability and quality of the resources as every development process is completely dependent on the resources and the environment.
6.) What is meant by ‘Resource’? Mention its main characteristics.
All the components which are available for the human use and subsistence and provided by the natural and human environment are known as the resources. Air, Water, Sunlight, Soil, Plants, Animals, Fruits, Minerals etc which are found in the natural environment are resources. According to Zimmerman, any substance becomes resource when it has two properties-functionality and utility. These two characteristics assist in utilization resource and helps in human welfare and develops the growth of the society and economy.
7.) ‘Resource is Dynamic’. – Explain.
Resources are referred to be as dynamic in nature as their characteristics change with time and use. A resource available to man can be useless or harmful at present but change into productive and progressive in future. With passage of time a commodity which remains unexplored due to the requirement and technology used by humans changes into resource.For example, water or hydel power abundant in nature was not used for generation for electricity in past but with the advancement of technology it has become a Resource. Thus, resources are adaptable.
8.) Briefly discuss about the necessities of resources with examples.
The resources are an integral part of human development and their availability is linked with the human civilization. Resources are of two types: natural resource and man-made resources. Natural resources like air, water, land, sunlight, forests are distributed on the earth Humans have utilized these resources with their intellect, knowledge and wisdom and met not only the basic requirements of food, housing and clothes but also other requirements for developing living conditions. The man-made resources such as technology, housing, roads, industries etc have enhanced the living conditions of humans.
9.) Write in brief about the relationship between resource and man.
Man is the creator of resources. They have created resources and they are also consumers also. The natural resources which are available in the environment are utilized by humans for their development. The raw materials which are found in the nature like water, soil, air, sunlight are changed into valuable renewable resources by man with expertise of education and technology. A number of new and modern resources have been invented and utilized. Man has also produced resources like automobiles, industries, schools, food items, medicine etc. for their own betterment and development. The scarcity of many natural resources and raw materials for industries have not stopped humans from developing, Countries like Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea etc have developed immensely through the judicious use of natural resources and human resources.
10.) Briefly discuss about the relationship between resource and science-technology.
According to the famous economist, any item can become a resource when it has two functionality and utility. Resource has a close relation with the development of humans. Resources are formed through the interaction of human, nature, science and technology. Humans are connected with resources in two ways: as producer of resources and consumer of resources. The commodities which are lying in nature have been transformed into resource as per the requirements of humans with the help of their intelligence and expertise. Humans have with the knowledge of science and technology have tamed the energy of rivers and wind and transformed into hydel power and windmills to meet their requirements. With the knowledge of technology many new resources have been created like industries, agro-farm equipments, automobiles etc by humans themselves for their own consumption. Thus, resources are connected with science and technology.
11.) Write about classification of resources with examples.
The commodities which are required for the fulfillment of man’s needs like food, shelter, clothing and many other requirements for the improvement in the living conditions of man are known as Resources. The air, water, sunrays, soil, plants, fruits, minerals etc found on the earth are all essentials to man are Resources. Resources are also created by man with the help of technology and science. Resources can be classified into many groups:
Natural Resources-Sunshine, Air, Water, Soil, plants, animals, minerals, rivers, etc. which are found in nature and after their formation they become distributed on the earth as a natural process are known as Natural Resources. These natural resources are present on the earth in solid, liquid and gaseous state. Natural resources are used as raw materials for producing many commodities. Coal, minerals, natural gas are natural resources which are used as sources of energy.
Man-made and Human Resources- Commodities which are produced from the raw materials found in the nature through human efforts are known as Man-made Resources. Chemical fertilizer, insecticides, soap, plastic, synthetic rubber, wax, etc; different types of food items, cloth from cotton, medicine, wood, house construction materials, etc. are obtained from plants and changed into resources by man with skill, education and technology.
Biotic Resources- Resources which have life depending on their physical composition are called Biotic Resources. Examples: Pants, Animals, Fishes, Crops etc are living resources and Biotic Resources.
Abiotic Resources-Resources which do-not have any life are called Abiotic Resources. Examples: Coal, Rock, Water, Air, Minerals, Soil etc are Abiotic Resources.
Renewable Resources- The resources which are present on the earth and do not get exhausted after use are called as Renewable or Inexhaustible Resources. These resources come to life on earth easily and some are present on earth constantly. Sunshine, Air, Water, Plants, Animals, Human Beings, Crops etc are all Renewable Resources.
Non-renewable Resources- Resources which get completely exhausted after use and cannot be regenerated again easily are called as known as Non-Renewable or Exhaustible Resources. Examples: Coal, Mineral Oil, minerals, natural gas etc. These resources once used get exhausted completely and takes million years to be replenished.
Individual Resources – The resources which are possession of individual man, or example, land, household properties, and self attributes like good character,education,working skill etc are known as Individual or Personal Resources.
National Resources- Resources like transport networks, land, rivers, bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, plants and animals present in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, government, etc are looked after by the government and the government is responsible to provide all these resources to the citizens. These resources are called as National Resources.
International Resources-Resources that belong to all the countries and the resources possessedby the whole world, such as oceans and seas and their mineral and biotic resources, atmosphere, forests, etc are together known as International Resources. All these resources are used for the benefit and welfare of the mankind. The United Nation Organisation (UNO) is responsible for the management of these resources. They look after the utilisation and the management as well as exploitation of these resources.
12.) What is meant by natural resource? Write briefly with examples.
Natural Resources-Sunshine, Air, Water, Soil, plants, animals, minerals, rivers, etc. which are found in nature and after their formation they become distributed on the earth as a natural process are known as Natural Resources. These natural resources are present on the earth in solid, liquid and gaseous state. Natural resources are used as raw materials for producing many commodities. Coal, minerals, natural gas are natural resources which are used as sources of energy.
13.) What is man-made resource? Write in brief about its use with examples.
Man-madeResources- Commodities which are produced from the raw materials found in the nature through human efforts are known as Man-made Resources. Chemical fertilizer, insecticides, soap, plastic, synthetic rubber, wax, etc; different types of food items, cloth from cotton, medicine, wood, house construction materials, etc. are obtained from plants and changed into resources by man with skill, education and technology.
14.) What are the differences between renewable and non-renewable resources? Discuss briefly with examples.
Renewable Resources- The resources which are present on the earth and do not get exhausted after use are called as Renewable or Inexhaustible Resources. These resources come to life on earth easily and some are present on earth constantly. Sunshine, Air, Water, Plants, Animals, Human Beings, Crops etc are all Renewable Resources.
Non-renewable Resources- Resources which get completely exhausted after use and cannot be regenerated again easily are called as known as Non-Renewable or Exhaustible Resources. Examples: Coal, Mineral Oil, minerals, natural gas etc. These resources once used get exhausted completely and takes million years to be replenished
15.) What is meant by ‘Conservation of Resources’? What is its necessity?
The methods or act of complete utilization of any resource without destruction and misuse is known as Conservation of Resources. Natural resources are not spread in uniform pattern on the surface of the earth. These natural resources are also exhaustible and are present in limited quantity. The natural resources like coal, petroleum is used in huge quantity as the demands have increased as the population has increased. The main goal of conservation is to overcome the serious situation where the natural resources are completely exhausted due to population explosion so that the natural resources can be utilized for a longer time. The resource conservation aims to collect and use the necessary resources from the nature, using the resources with preservation. Example: The conservation of mineral oil means the act of exploitation of mineral oil from the nature without any wastage and its proper use for long time for human benefit. The resource conservation is associated more with renewable resources but the conservation applies to all resources. For example: Forests which are renewable resource are destroyed without thought which have resulted in decline in the environmental balance. Many plans and projects have been planned for projects. Extensive use of fertilizers, mineral oil, coal etc have increased the severe increase in pollution and global warming. Thus, the need of taking necessary steps for resource conservation along- with economical use of resources is required which is the main objective of Conservation of Resources.
16.) Write in brief about the methods of resource conservation.
The resource conservation is successfully possible when we take carefully organized steps for its preservation and economic use. Thus, certain programmes are required to be executed for successful implementation of conservation of resources.
i.) Search for Alternative Resource: It is necessary to explore and find out alternative resources for which extensive research and survey is required. Synthetic fibre in place of cotton fibre, synthetic rubber in place of natural rubber are such alternative resources. The need to reduce the use of coal, mineral oil etc has initiated the use of solar energy, hydroelectricity, organic energy.
ii.) Recycling- The reduction of use of raw materials with limited reserve is required as well as there is need to conserve the nature from pollution, thus the concept of recycling has been initiated. The recycling of the old polythene bag, plastic bag, plastic bottle, paper etc the use of raw materials for these products can be controlled.
iii.) Innovation: Study and research are required to develop innovations which can convert the resources from nature into usable forms which help in checking the misuse of raw materials and increase the production of resources. Thus, use of organic fertilizer is popularised in place of chemical fertilizers.
iv.) Waste Control: By taking measures to check production of waste materials through recycling and reuse and converting raw materials to useful resources, a good number of resources can be saved. Example: If the waste materials of wood and bamboo generated in a paper mill are converted into organic or chemical substances, the pressure on natural resources will reduce.
v.) Expansion of Knowledge and Education: A good amount of knowledge and expertise for the management of production and use of resources is required. Awareness among people is needed to be increased to stop unnecessary wastage of resources.
vi.) Execution of Conservation Related Acts-The provision of conservation acts needs to be strict and transparent to be effectively implemented for correct use of the Conservation of Resources otherwise the main objectives of the conservation cannot be fulfilled.
vii.) Proper Assessment of Resource Reserve: Future generations also need to enjoy all the resources. It is also necessary to maintain the ecological balance. Thus, proper planning and assessment of all natural resources available needs to be conducted on regular basis. Planning for alternative resources should also be made.
ix.) Assessment of Future Requirement of Resources: -It is very essential to calculate the future requirement of the resources by understanding the amount of pressure of the present need and use of the resources. This is also required to stop the unnecessary use and wastage of resources and more use of alternative sources of resources.
17.) Write in brief about the organizations associated with resource conservation and their role.
With the increase in population and growing problems of environment like global warming, soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, melting of ice etc, there is depletion of resources and imbalance in the nature. All these situations have made it necessary that conservation steps to be taken with immediate effect. Thus, many organisations are taking efforts to protect the environment and conserve the natural resources.A number of governmental and non-governmental agencies and organizations have been formed at international, national, regional and local levels for this work. International Union for Conservation of Nature – IUCN under United Nations Organization is an important is formed. IUCN was formed in the year 1948 with the guidance of British Biologist Julian Huxley who was the founder Director General of UNESCO. The main aim of the organization is to carry out study and research on conservation of global natural environment and natural resources including biodiversity, and to undertake correct measures.The other international organizations like WWF for Nature (Worldwide Fund for Nature) and World Conservation Monitoring Centre have been also established. These organisations are working for conservation of natural environment along-with giving special emphasis on certain specific species of planta and animal species. In India, also the government has taken efforts to conserve the nature and all the species. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Changehas been formed in India. Under this Ministry, an autonomous institute named Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education was formed in 1986.Manynon-governmental organizations like Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), Greenpeace India, Wildlife Trust of India, etc are working for protection of the environment.In Assam also a number of non-governmental organizations like Assam Science Society, Aaranyak, etc are actively participating in all environmental protection plans.
18.) Write short notes:
(a) Resource (b) Human Resource
(c) Wealth (d) Renewable Resource
(e) Personal Resource (f) National Resource
(g) Biotic Resource (h) Resource Conservation
(i) Resource Recycling (j) IUCN
19.) Write the differences between:
(a) Resource and Wealth
(b) Economic Geography and Resource Geography
(c) Resource and Neutral Staff
(d) Biotic and Abiotic Resource
(e) Renewable and Non-Renewable Resource
(f) Personal resource and National resource
(g) Man-made Resource and Human Resource
(h) Recycling of Resource and Innovation
a.) Resources-The commodities which are required for the fulfillment of man’s needs like food, shelter, clothing and many other requirements for the improvement in the living conditions of man are known as Resources. The air, water, sunrays, soil, plants, fruits, minerals etc found on the earth are all essentials to man are Resources. Man with his intellect, knowledge, wisdom and talent exploits the resources from the nature and transform them into useful commodities to fulfill their needs. Resources are also created by man with the help of technology and science.
b.) Human Resources-Man is also considered a type of resource as he is the producer and consumer of resources. With the adequate skill, education, technology and desire, men make the natural resources useful to himself. Thus, humans are also called as Human Resource. In countries where there are scarcity of natural resources and raw materials, human resources have developed the nation with their expertise. Example: Countries like Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea etc have enhanced their wealth and power and developed their countries.
c.) Wealth- The concept of wealth and resources are often considered as similar. According to the principle of Economics, the materials which have value in exchange are considered as wealth. The supply of wealth is limited and can be transferred from one individual to another through money or value. Land, house, machineries, companies etc are all types of wealth as these items can be purchased and sold in the markets. The natural resources like soil, sunlight, rivers, lakes, social institutions, good government, public health etc are not considered as wealth. Some of the natural resources are in abundant in quantity and cannot be exchanged or need a market value. Thus, all the wealth are resources but all resources are not called as wealth.
d.) Renewable Resources- The resources which are present on the earth and do not get exhausted after use are called as Renewable or Inexhaustible Resources. These resources come to life on earth easily and some are present on earth constantly. Sunshine, Air, Water, Plants, Animals, Human Beings, Crops etc are all Renewable Resources.
e.) Individual Resources – The resources which are possession of individual man, or example, land, household properties, and self attributes like good character, education, working skill etc are known as Individual or Personal Resources.
f.) National Resources- Resources like transport networks, land, rivers, bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, plants and animals present in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, government, etc are looked after by the government and the government is responsible to provide all these resources to the citizens. These resources are called as National Resources.
g.) Biotic Resources- Resources which have life depending on their physical composition are called Biotic Resources. Examples: Pants, Animals, Fishes, Crops etc are living resources and Biotic Resources.
h.) Resource Conservation is an important requirement in today’s world. Natural resources are not spread in uniform pattern on the surface of the earth. These natural resources are also exhaustible and are present in limited quantity. The natural resources like coal, petroleum is used in huge quantity as the demands have increased as the population has increased.The resource conservation aims to collect and use the necessary resources from the nature, using the resources with preservation. Example: The conservation of mineral oil means the act of exploitation of mineral oil from the nature without any wastage and its proper use for long time for human benefit.
i.) Resource Recycling- The reduction of use of raw materials with limited reserve is required as well as there is need to conserve the nature from pollution, thus the concept of recycling has been initiated. The recycling of the old polythene bag, plastic bag, plastic bottle, paper etc the use of raw materials for these products can be controlled. Thus, recycling of certain products which can be re-used and use of raw materials can help in conservation of resources.
j.) IUCN-With the increase in population and growing problems of environment like global warming, soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, melting of ice etc, there is depletion of resources and imbalance in the nature. All these situations have made it necessary that conservation steps to be taken with immediate effect. Thus, many organisations are taking efforts to protect the environment and conserve the natural resources.A number of governmental and non-governmental agencies and organizations have been formed at international, national, regional and local levels for this work. International Union for Conservation of Nature – IUCN under United Nations Organization is an important is formed. IUCN was formed in the year 1948 with the guidance of British Biologist Julian Huxley who was the founder Director General of UNESCO. The main aim of the organization is to carry out study and research on conservation of global natural environment and natural resources including biodiversity, and to undertake correct measures.
20.) Choose the correct answer:
(a) Which of the following is man-made resource?
(1) Rivers (2) Mineral Oil (3) Irrigation Canal (4) Forest
(b) Which one of the following is abiotic resource?
(1) Air (2) Plants (3) Animals (4) Fungus
(c) Which one of the following is non-renewable resource?
(1) Air (2) Water (3) Crops (4) Coal
(d) Which one of the following animals is about to be extinct?
(1) One-horned Rhino (2) Pygmi Hog
(3) Giraffe (4) Gayal (Mithun)
(e) The organization IUCN is under which of the following organizations?
(1) UNESCO (2) UNO (3) WWF (4) UNEP
Answer:
a.) Irrigation Canal
b.) Air
c.) Coal
d.) One- horned Rhino
e.) UNESCO
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