SEBA Class 9 Artificial Intelligence: Communication Skills Solution
Assam SEBA Board class 9 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1st Part Unit 1 Solution available here. There are total 4 Session in Unit 1. We have given all session question and answer.
Session 1 Exercise (Page 6) –
Ans:- (1) The main components of communication process are as follows-
(a) Sender
(b) Message
(c) Encoding
(d) Communication Channel (Oral, Written. Technology based)
(e) Receiver
(f) Decoding
(g) Feedback
Ans:- (2) The Sender is responsible for the encoding of the message.
Ans:- (3) The Receiver is responsible for the decoding of the message.
Ans:- (4) Technology based communication can occur through various modes such as through telephone, email, video conferencing, etc.
Therefore, scenarios of technology-based communication are as follows-
Scenario 1- Two people communicating over the telephone in order to decide the time and venue for an event.
Scenario 2- A sends B a message on Whatsapp (an online texting application) about the upcoming exams in college.
Scenario 3- A teacher is conducting her class over Zoom (video conferencing application).
Ans:- (5) Channel of communication refers to the medium of communication. It is of three different types, namely Oral, Written and Technology based.
Examples of channel of communication are face-to-face conversation between individuals, letter, online chatting, video conferencing, etc.
Session 1 Exercise (Page 7) –
Ans:- (1) A meeting of all the members of an Activities Committee of a school can be a scenario where all the major factors of effective communication come in effect. The factors of effective communication can all be seen in such a scenario –
(a) Mutually accepted communication code – The meeting of a committee would definitely have a set of rules that the members need to follow while discussing any new ideas. Moreover, the language and mode of communication would also be decided mutually so that it suits all the members.
(b) Well encoded message – Since the members are concerned with looking over the school’s activities, any ideas or changes will have to be clear, complete and correct. The message must be clear so that everyone is able to understand its meaning and aim. The message must be unambiguous.
(c) Careful decoding of the message – In order to efficiently decode the message, the receiver must have the capacity to do the same. Since the members are qualified to understand and execute such type of work, they will be able to receive and interpret the message well. Their ability to listen, pay attention to what is being discussed and understanding the aim of the meeting will ensure that the message is carefully decoded.
(d) Receiver’s response to the communicated message – Given that all the above factors are satisfied, the last important factor would be the receiver’s response. When the whole meetinghas been effectively communicated and received by the members and they have given their response in terms of suggestions or new ideas, then the process of effective communication becomes successful.
Ans:- (2) The 4 most important characteristics of effective communication are as follows –
(a) Communication should be clear in content and purpose.
(b) Communication should be based on right facts and should not be vague.
(c) Good communication develops relationships, promotes confidence and creates goodwill.
(d) It provides the right kind of persuasion, guidance and consultation.
Ans:- (3) A communication barrier of environment refers to the problems in the physical conditions that constitute the environment of communication. Slow speed of internet while interacting online, poor light, bad seating are examples of such barrier.
A relatable real-life scenario in this case would that of facing connectivity issued during online classes during the pandemic. It was quite common for many students and teachers to face issues with internet which many a times resulted in poor communication between them. Due to issues with connectivity many would experience voice or video lags, disconnection from the online meeting or problems with joining the meeting. In such a situation, the students were unable to understand what was being taught and the teachers would be unsure of what the students were able to learn. Thus, there would be inefficiency in communication.
Ans:- (4) Lack of proficiency in the language of communication is a barrier related to the personality traits of the communicators. A real-life scenario based on this would a person who is not proficient in English taking part in a debate where the mode of communication is English. Since the person is not efficient in expressing themselves in English, they will not be able to convey their views effectively to the audience. Due to such language barrier the message that the speaker wants to send to the audience would be unclear and can be interpreted in ways that the speaker did not intend to convey.
Session 2 Exercise (Page 10) –
Ans:- (1) A scenario where oral communication is most effective as compared to written is when a teacher is teaching a class about a particular topic. Since oral communication allows for fast travel to the receivers, i.e., the students, and the feedback is also received quickly, oral communication is the most effective form as compared to written form in this situation. What the teacher is teaching will be conveyed quickly to the students, who in turn will be able to understand the concept and give feedback quickly about the message that was given to them. Written form of communication would be much slower and not efficient.
Ans:- (2) Written form of communication can be effective in various cases. Scenarios where written communication is most effective are –
(a) Circulation of an official notice containing information about exam schedule.
(b) Invitation card to an event containing the date, time, place, etc for the event.
(c) Application letter for a job containing the personal details, academic and professional qualifications of the person.
Ans:- (3) Non-verbal communication refers to our body language, the way we physically present ourselves when we are orally communicating with others. The major advantages and disadvantages of this type of communication are as follows –
Advantage –
(a) Non-verbal communication complements oral and audio-visual communication.
(b) Engages the participants of the communication.
Disadvantages –
(a) It can sometimes be vague and send across the wrong message or signal.
(b) It cannot be stopped.
Ans:- (4) Audio-visual communication is the communication that involves both audio and visuals and takes place via technology. That is why it is also called as technology-based communication. Some of its advantages and disadvantages are as follows –
Advantages –
(a) Use of technology makes it easier to reuse and distribute.
(b) It makes the mode of communication interesting and entertaining.
(c) It can cater to a huge mass of people at the same time.
Disadvantages –
(a) It is quite capital-intensive, i.e., it is costly.
(b) It needs maintenance of equipment.
(c) Technology and equipment can be complex to operate and learn.
Session 3 Exercise (Page 11) –
Ans:- (1) Visual perspective of a person is very important in decoding of a message. Since the first thing we notice, even before talking with another person, is a person’s physical appearance – how they dress themselves, how they carry themselves, whether they have a clean appearance or not, their facial expressions, the visual perspective plays an important part in decoding a message.
A scenario where visual perspective affects the decoding of the message is an interview for being the Head Boy/Girl of the school. During an interview, the physical appearance of the student appearing for the post – how clean and well-maintained their uniform is, whether they have a clean appearance, whether their hair is properly and neatly styled or not, the way they carry themselves, etc. will affect how their message will be decoded by the teachers taking the interview. If the student has a good and clean appearance and confidently carries themselves then the messages that the student will convey while answering the interview questions will be taken in a positive and serious manner. Otherwise, the teachers will not give much importance to the message of the student if the appearance is not according to the standard.
Ans:- (2) Past experiences play an important role in decoding of a message. A scenario where a past experience affects the decoding of a message is where a customer bought a microwave oven from a company named A. After a few months the product started malfunctioning and the company did not provide good customer support. When the person goes to buy a new appliance, they will keep their past experience in mind and will not buy any new item from the same company.
Ans:- (3) Prejudice means dislike or hatred towards another person, group, etc without any factual basis. Prejudice is based on preconceived notions, making opinion on hearsay, etc.
Ans:- (4) Our communication perspective is affected by various factors. Beliefs, emotions and environment are some factors that influence our communication perspective. A certain code of moral conduct and sense of right and wrong is formed based on our own personal beliefs. Since everyone’s beliefs are different from each other, the way different people will understand a particular communication would be different. Emotions affect how we understand what is being communicated to us. Positive emotions such as happiness make us much more open and receptive to new and different communications. However, the opposite happens when negative emotions such as anger or sadness are affecting us. Similarly, the kind of environment we are communicating in also determines our perspective. In a more formal environment such as school or college, our communication is much more careful as we need to ensure that our point is clearly presented to others. In a casual environment, such as at home or with friends, our method of communication is much more relaxed as the people we are communicating with know us and will understand what we mean without having to go into detailed explanations.
Session 4 Exercise (Page 12) –
Ans:- (1) Adverbial phrase– pleasantly surprised
Verb phrase – had been sitting; flied very fast
Adjective phrase – exciting lives
Ans:- (2) Noun – girl; Anna; mother; gift; hair ribbons; clothes; villagers; barber
Pronoun – her; she;
Verb – buying; thinking;
Adjective – poor; useful; beautiful; long; colourful; shining; new; short
Adverb – Suddenly
Preposition – in
Conjunction – but
Interjection – Wow!; alas!
Session 4 Exercise (Page 12-13) –
(A) Fill in the blanks –
(1) a
(2) The
(3) an
(4) a
(5) the
(6) an; a
(7) an; the
(8) the
(B) Is there anything wrong with these sentences?
(1) Nothing is wrong. Sentence is grammatically correct.
(2) Nothing is wrong. Sentence is grammatically correct.
(3) Nothing is wrong. Sentence is grammatically correct.
(4) Nothing is wrong. Sentence is grammatically correct.
(5) Yes, the sentence is wrong.
Correct sentence – The breakfast is ready.
(6) Nothing is wrong. Sentence is grammatically correct.
Session 4 Exercise (Page 13) –
Paragraph Writing –
Travelling is a good hobby. It gives us the opportunity to visit new places and also makes friends in far places. We are able to learn about various cultures and languages. Travelling enhances our knowledge as we can meet new people and learn many different things from them. It is also good for health as it keeps us fit. We can write about places travelled by making blogs, write articles, etc. It develops understanding about different things and inculcates good habits like patience, care, love and concern. It also improves our personality. Travelling however is an expensive hobby and needs a lot of time.
Assessment –
Ans:- (1) Communication refers to the process of giving and receiving information, messages, etc. It is a very essential part of human society as it keeps us connected with each other and also updates us about all the events that are occurring around us. Communication must be effective to reach its full potential. Features of effective communication are –
(a) Clear in content and purpose
(b) It must be complete with least scope of questions
(c) It should be based on right facts and must not be vague
(d) It should be concise and to the point when in written form
(e) It should help develop relationships, promote confidence and create goodwill
(f) It must lead to desired output and achievements
(g) It establishes responsibility and accountability
(h) Provides right kind of persuasion, guidance and consultation.
Ans:- (2) For preparing a classroom presentation of 10 minutes, it will be necessary that the communication is effective. To ensure effective communication during the presentation, the following things can be done –
(a) Have a mutually accepted communication code –language of the presentation must be agreed up on by all.
(b) Well encoded message – the message of the presentation must be clear and complete. There should be no ambiguities.
(c) The content must be clear.
(d) The environment of the presentation should have all the necessary items that are needed for a smooth communication, like sound systems, good lighting, comfortable sitting, etc.
Ans:- (3) here exist various factors that cause hindrance in the process of effective communication. These factors are also known as communication barriers. Some of them are explained below –
(a) Environment of communication – This refers to the physical conditions that make the environment of communication. Factors such as temperature of the room, lighting, internet connectivity form the environment of communication. They affect communication greatly.
(b) Situational barriers – Noise, distractions of any sort, distance, etc act as barriers of effective communication.
Ans:- (4) The communication barriers in the given situation are environment of communication (sitting in a roadside open café) and situational barriers (having to rush to receive mother). These barriers could have been taken care of firstly by choosing a better environment, such as an indoor café. The second barrier could have been taken of by planning to meet either after the friend had received his mother from the airport or planning to meet some other day.
Ans:- (5) Coding or encoding means how the message is communicated to the receiver. Decoding mainly refers to the interpretation of the message communicated by the receiver of the message.
Example – A person X sends a text message to another person, Y telling Y to bring enough amount of milk for making pudding. Here, the method through which the message was sent, text message, is the coding or encoding of the message. Y after receiving the message interprets the message that he must bring 3 litres of milk for making the pudding. This interpretation of the message is what is known as decoding.
Ans:- (6) Communication cycle consists of the sender, message, encoding, communication channel, receiver, decoding and feedback.
Example – A newspaper agency prints an article about different benefits of exercising. Here the sender is the newspaper agency. The message is about the different benefits of exercising. The message is communicated via an article to the reader, which forms the encoding. The communication channel is the newspaper, which is a written channel. The receiver is the reader. The reader decodes the message by interpreting what the author of the article meant to say. After the decoding the reader has received the article positively and writes back to the agency about how the article helped her adopt exercising as a habit. This is the feedback.
Ans:- (7) Oral communication and written communication are different from each other in the following ways –
(a) The methods are different. Oral communication occurs face-to-face while written communication occurs through a written medium such as a letter.
(b) Oral communication is much easier and instant. Written communication takes time and is harder.
(c) The feedback in oral communication takes place instantly. Feedback in written communication takes time.
(d) Oral communication is much cheaper. Written communication is costlier as it needs writing or printing material.
Ans:- (8) Communication through written forms, such as letters, is known as written communication. Its advantages are –
(a) Message can be reviewed and revised before sending.
(b) It is easier to convey longer messages through written communication.
(c) They can be saved for later reference.
(d) The messages can be duplicated and distributed.
(e) Written messages bring accountability.
(f) Written communication is accepted in the court of law if executed in proper way.
Ans:- (9) Body language forms non-verbal communication which is an essential part of effective communication. Body language can affect communication massively. Body language features that influence our communication are –
(a) Our expressions
(b) Voice
(c) Tone
(d) Gestures
Ans:- (10) Audio-visual aids combine auditory and visual capabilities during communication. Such communication is largely based on technology, and are also called technology-based communication. Both verbal and non-verbal communication occur during the usage of audio-visual aids. When one is speaking, then verbal communication is taking place. Technological aids such as the microphone and speaker assist in verbal communication during this. Visual aids such as the camera help in communicating non-verbally as one is able to notice the other person’s expressions, gestures, etc.
Ans:- (11) Since the presentation will be over video conferencing, various factors need to be looked after to ensure effective communication. The various things that must be taken care of are –
(a) Efficient internet connection is a must. Any kind of problem with the internet will hamper communication.
(b) Distractions such as noise must be taken care of.
(c) Equipment such as microphone should be in proper condition.
(d) Delivery of message must be clear, complete.
Ans:- (12) There are various of non-verbal communication. They are –
(a) Non-verbal communication can be vague sometimes and convey the wrong message.
(b) One cannot stop non-verbal communication.
(c) It happens too fast and simultaneously that it is difficult to understand it all. Some gestures or signals may be missed.
(d) Body language differs according to culture. What may be acceptable by one may not be accepted by another.
Ans:- (13) Body language plays a huge role in how our message will be interpreted. Since it is something that we cannot control consciously without practice, our inner emotions are expressed directly through body language. Due to this, a positive or negative impression can be formed about the speaker by others. Gestures and eye contact are strong factors in body language that have the potential of strongly affecting communication, especially when speaking to someone in person.
Gestures such as hand movements, shaking leg, etc. convey whether the speaker is confident or anxious. With a right amount of eye-contact, our confidence is shown. Maintaining a stable eye-contact during a conversation conveys the message that you are paying attention. Thus, gestures and eye-contact are important while speaking to someone in person as they directly expose our involvement in the conversation and display our confidence, which will in turn form a positive impression about us.
Ans:- (14) Our attitude is a part of the perspective with which we communicate. A positive or negative attitude during any kind of communication will have different kinds of effect on the communication. Being cheerful, open to new ideas, encouraging, etc are a positive approach that will in most cases have a much more productive communication and the outcome will be an effective one. On the other hand, a negative attitude, such as lack of enthusiasm, hopelessness, etc will affect the communication process and the outcome of this communication is most likely to be effective.
Ans:- (15) The way we each communicate is different. The reason is that the way we perceive messages, i.e., our perspective in communication differs. Such difference is caused by various factors. Some of them are –
(a) Past experiences – Our experiences in life form the way we perceive different things. Since we learn something from an experience, we use such experiences as the basis of forming a perspective about a particular place, person, thing, etc. A positive past experience will reinforce a positive perspective in communication. On the other hand, a negative past experience will reinforce negative perspectives. For example, a person staying at a particular hotel during vacation will most likely refer that hotel to others if they had a good experience there. However, bad hotel service will make the person repulsed to the idea of staying in the same hotel again.
(b) Attitude – Our attitude is a part of the perspective with which we communicate. A positive or negative attitude during any kind of communication will have different kinds of effect on the communication. Being cheerful, open to new ideas, encouraging, etc are a positive approach that will in most cases have a much more productive communication and the outcome will be an effective one. On the other hand, a negative attitude, such as lack of enthusiasm, hopelessness, etc will affect the communication process and the outcome of this communication is most likely to be effective.
Ans:- (16) When we meet a person for the first time, it is important that we convey a positive and welcoming attitude. This is so because such an attitude helps in creating a good social image and social ties. The things that should be taken care of when meeting and talking to a person for the first time are –
(a) Have a pleasant expression.
(b) Not use a rude or arrogant tone while speaking.
(c) Use appropriate gestures.
(d) Have a confident and relaxed posture. Not have a closed off posture.
(e) Maintain appropriate eye-contact.
(f) Be careful about physical contact.
(g) Have a neat and clean appearance. Be dressed according to the occasion or event.
Ans:- (17) The factors that are influencing Ravi’s perspective towards the people are –
(a) Visual perspective
(b) Prejudice
(c) Values and beliefs.
Ans:- (18) Our experiences in life form the way we perceive different things. Since we learn something from an experience, we use such experiences as the basis of forming a perspective about a particular place, person, thing, etc. A positive past experience will reinforce a positive perspective in communication. On the other hand, a negative past experience will reinforce negative perspectives. Thus, past experiences play an important role in decoding of a message. Example – A customer bought a microwave oven from a company named A. After a few months the product started malfunctioning and the company did not provide good customer support. When the person goes to buy a new appliance, they will keep their past experience in mind and will not buy any new item from the same company.
Ans:- (19) A phrase is a group of words that will indicate some object or action but will not make complete sense. Example – a white horse.
A sentence is a group of words that indicates an object or action and also makes complete sense. Example – Mina saw a white horse.
Ans:- (20) Noun– A word that refers to the name of a place, person, thing, event, etc. Example – Ball, Museum, Delhi, Boy, Wedding.
Adjective – An adjective is a word that defines the characteristics of a noun or pronoun. Example –tall, short, pretty.
Verb – A word that refers to an action. Example – running, looking, speaking.
Adverb – A word that defines another verb, adjective or adverb. Example – quickly, quietly, happily.
Ans:- (21) A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of one noun, pronoun or noun phrase with another. Example – The book is kept on the table. Here book and table are nouns and the word “on” shows the relationship between them (where the book is kept; what is on the table.)
Ans:- (22) Ther are two indefinite articles – a, an, whose usage differ in usage for consonants and vowels.
“An” is used before words that start with a vowel or vowel sound. Example – An apple (word with vowel); An hour (word with vowel sound).
“A” is used with words that start with a consonant or consonant sound. Example – A book (word starting with consonant); A University (word starting with consonant sound).
Ans:- (23) “The” is a definite article that cannot be used in certain circumstances. They are –
(a) Before proper nouns. Example – Mina was present in class yesterday. (Not- The Mina was present in class yesterday).
(b) Before names of metal. Example – Iron is an essential material in today’s world. (Not “The” iron).
(c) Before names of games or sports. Example – Cricket is a famous sport in India. (Not The cricket).
(d) Before time. Example – The train will leave at sharp 11 AM. (Not the 11 AM).
Ans:- (24) The basic rules of good paragraph writing are –
(a) Keep the paragraph focused on the topic.
(b) Avoid longer paragraphs.
(c) Topic sentence should be relevant.
(d) Arrange the sentence in a logical sequence.
(e) Avoid repeating sentences.
(f) Concluding paragraph should cover the central idea of the topic.
Ans:- (25) Interjection – Words that express strong emotions and are followed by an exclamation sign (!). Example – Wow! What a beautiful dress.
Oh! That is terrible news.
Conjunction – A conjunction is a word that connects two words, phrases or sentences. Example – Ravi and Shyam go to school together.
Mina went to the market but did not find the needed materials.
Ans:- (26)
Train journeys can be fun and interesting in their own ways. We meet interesting people on trains and also encounter amusing situations. Recently, I went on a two-day train journey, from Delhi to Guwahati with my family. The train was to leave from New Delhi Railway Station at 4 PM. We reached the station well in advance and waited in the waiting lounge till the train arrived. After we boarded the train and settled all our luggage in our compartment, we all sat down together to talk and play games. Soon, the train started its journey and we prayed for a safe travel. As the train advanced, I saw a lot of new sceneries. Vast green farm fields, villages, small towns were some of the places that we crossed as we moved towards our destination. I was fascinated by what I saw outside, as it was quite different from what one saw in a city like Delhi. At around 8 PM we received our dinner that we had booked for the journey. I could not eat properly because the train kept jerking and tilting and I was unable to handle the food tray. After somehow finishing the dinner, I freshened up and went to sleep. The next morning welcomed more picturesque scenes and gossip. Some food venders boarded the train and we bought some snacks and tea from them for later. The rest of the journey went by peacefully and we reached Guwahati at 12 PM. I enjoyed the train journey very much and looked forward to another such journey on the way back home.
Ans:- (27) Essay writing can be a difficult task that would require various writing skills for the essay to be clear and effective in conveying its message. For writing an essay about one’s favourite leader the following basic writing skills can be applied –
(a) Understanding and using basic grammar.
(b) Framing simple, short sentences.
(c) Describing people, situations, incidents, etc.
(d) Expressing likes, dislikes.
(e) Effective beginning or opening of the piece of writing.
(f) Ending or concluding the piece of writing.
Ans:- (28) Noun – Deforestation, humans, forest, lands, ecosystems,
Verb – remove, clear, clearing
Adjective – large, related
Adverb – non-forest
Preposition – In, since
Conjunction – and