SEBA Class 9 Artificial Intelligence: Green Skills Solution
Assam SEBA Board class 9 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1st Part Unit 5 Solution available here. There are total 5 Session in Unit 5. We have given all session question and answer.
Unit V – Green Skills
Session 1 Exercise (Page 44)-
Ans:- (1) Environment – Environment refers to the surroundings of a person, object, element or system. All the things that exist around something is called environment. Our environment refers to all the things that exist around us like trees, mountains, rivers, people, buildings, etc. Our environment contains both natural and man-made things.
Ecosystem – An ecosystem is a system consisting of interdependent organisms and their constant interaction with each other and their surroundings. An ecosystem contains both living and non-living entities.
Ans:- (2) Pollution refers to the addition of harmful and unwanted substances into the environment in large quantities. There are different kinds of pollution like air pollution, water pollution, noise/sound pollution, light pollution, etc. They badly affect the environment. Air pollution due to the release of harmful gases by cars, factories lead to depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, acid rainfall, respiratory diseases, degradation of air quality, etc. Water pollution, which is caused due to various factors like release of effluents in water bodies, throwing garbage into lakes and ponds, seepage of chemicals like fertilisers into ground water have an impact on the water quality. It harms the aquatic flora and fauna;contamination of potable water and water-borne diseases are effects of water pollution. Light and sound pollution also have considerable effects on the quality of our environment.
Ans:- (3) Deforestation – Deforestation refers to the cutting down of trees in large amounts over a large area without re-planting trees in that place. It has many ill effects such as –
(a) Reduction in the amount of oxygen produced.
(b) Rise in temperature.
(c) Decline in rainfall.
(d) Land slides and soil erosion.
(e) Loss of habitat of many animals.
Global warming – Global warming refers to the massive rise in temperature of the planet due to the solar radiation not escaping the earth atmosphere. Pollutants like carbon dioxide and CFCs and other greenhouse gases present in large amounts in the atmosphere trap the solar radiation that generally escapes back into space. Due to trapping of such heat, the temperature rises to a great extent. The ill effects of this phenomenon are –
(a) Extreme rise in global temperature
(b) Ozone depletion
(c) Melting of ice-caps
(d) New diseases
(e) Increased risk of forest fires
(f) Droughts and lack of rainfall
(g) Loss of habitat for many wildlife species of flora and fauna
(h) Floods.
Ans:- (4) Due to the inconsiderate actions of man, the environment has suffered many harms. To further prevent any more destruction of the environment due to man’s actions, the following steps can be taken –
(a) Promoting afforestation so that tree cover increases.
(b) Using natural resources such as fuels more judiciously.
(c) Using filters in industries and domestic set-ups to ensure that toxic or harmful effluents are not dumped into water bodies.
(d) Implementing regulations for industries regarding discharge of harmful gases as waste inair.
(e) Minimising use of pesticides.
f) Using public transport as much as possible.
Session 2 Exercise (Page 46) –
Ans:- (1) Green economy is considered as an alternative vision for growth and development. It focuses on both economic growth and sustainability of the environment. It promotes a safer economic, environmental and social well-being, unlike other economic models that result in harmful effects for both people and environment.
Ans:- (2) The actions of humans till now and the various economic structures have proved to be harmful for both the environment and humans themselves. The present dominant economic structures encourage waste and cause resource scarcities and other threats to the environment. Green economy improves social well-being, equity and has greater scope to implement green initiatives.
(a) It reduces the probability of environmental risks.
(b) It allows the efficient use of resources.
(c) Proper employment opportunities and related activities are some of the social benefits of green economy.
Thus, the importance of green economy becomes increasingly clear in the current scenario.
Ans:- (3) Implementing a green economy is essential for both social development and sustainability of the environment. The steps that can be deployed to achieve a green economy are –
(a) Political commitment
(b) Legal and regulatory framework
(c) Green policies
(d) Technology viability
(e) Institutional setup.
Ans:- (4) Both green policies and political commitments are necessary for achieving green economy. They are essential steps in the process and they achieve green economy –
(a) Political commitment makes political parties and strategy devising government bodies take action regarding green growth path for economy.
- Better research and development, coming up with and usage of newer and better technology, implementation of renewable technology in industries, etc are possible only when the government bodies and other political parties commit to it. Thus, with political commitment a green economy can be achieved.
(b) Green policies focus on putting in place proper mechanisms in place to prevent the exploitation of natural resources. Through them government can promote and support green investment, research and development support and enhance the productivity of existing setups.
- Through green policies the government can take considerable steps towards achieving a green economy by putting more emphasis on investing in innovative solutions and policy re-evaluations.
With green policies and political commitment, achieving a green economy will become easier.
Assessment
Ans:- (1) Environment refers to the surroundings of a person, object, element or system. All the things that exist around something is called environment. Our environment refers to all the things that exist around us like trees, mountains, rivers, people, buildings, etc. Our environment contains both natural and man-made things.
Ans:- (2) Our environment is composed of different organisms and their surroundings. The different types of surroundings come together to form our complete environment. Thus, the components that make up our environment are –
(a) The lithosphere – The solid crust or the hard top layer of earth which is made up of rocks and covered with a layer of soil. It has different features like mountains, plains, etc.
(b) The hydrosphere–All types of water bodies are included in this. It is important for sustaining life. It includes all rivers, lakes, ponds, seas, etc.
(c) The atmosphere– The blanket of air that surrounds the earth is called atmosphere. It is composed of various gases and held together by the gravitational pull of the earth. Its main function is to retain the necessary amount of heat that is needed for life on earth and protecting it from UV rays of the sun. Any kind of change in the atmosphere leads to changes in weather and climate.
(d) The biosphere – All kinds of life exist here. The above three spheres interact with each other here to provide conditions that are suitable for sustaining life.
Ans:- (3) An ecosystem is a system consisting of interdependent organisms and their constant interaction with each other and their surroundings. An ecosystem contains both living and non-living entities. It has two elements – biotic (living, ex- plants, animals, etc) and abiotic (non-living, ex- soil, water, etc.). It is made up of 4 components – lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
Ans:- (4) A community of living and non-living entities that interact with each other forms an ecosystem. An example of an ecosystem is a forest. The trees, animals, insects and micro-organisms are living entities. The non-living entities would include the soil of the forest, water present in lakes as well as air. The animals are dependant on water from the lakes for drinking and bathing. The animals are also co-dependant on each other for needs such as food. When an animal dies the dead body of the animal would be decomposed by the micro-organisms in the soil and the decomposed material would further increase the fertility of the soil and maintain its balance. Thus, all the entities of the forest form a community that is constantly interacting with each other, which forms an ecosystem.
Ans:- (5) Actions of humans have led to the deterioration of the environment. Exploitation of the natural resources have led to disastrous effects on the environment such as –
(a) Rapid endangerment of animals and plants species due to extensive poaching.
(b) Soil erosion and decline in soil quality.
(c) Water pollution due to use of fertilisers, pesticides, domestic and industrial waste.
(d) Deforestation
(e) Global warming and ozone depletion.
Ans:- (6) Deforestation refers to the cutting down of trees in large amounts over a large area for non-forest purpose, without re-planting trees in that place. Due to the various needs of humans, deforestation occurs. The causes are –
(a) To use the trees for selling as timber, wood or fuel in the form of charcoal.
(b) To use the land for farming purposes like grazing field for livestock or commercial farming.
(c) To provide land for human settlement and urbanization.
(d) To make room for mining.
The effects of deforestation are –
(a) Reduction in the amount of oxygen produced.
(b) Rise in temperature.
(c) Decline in rainfall.
(d) Landslides and soil erosion.
(e) Loss of habitat of many animals.
Ans:- (7) Air pollution refers to the contamination of air due to the release of unwanted substances in large amounts into the atmosphere. This makes the air unfit for consumption. The effects of air pollution are –
(a) Threat to human life.
(b) Various respiratory diseases in both humans and animals.
(c) Acid rain.
(d) Global warming
(e) Ozone layer depletion
(f) Drought-like conditions
The possible solutions for tackling with the effects of air pollution are –
(a) Setting up of industries far away from residential areas
(b) Usage of proper filters in industries to prevent toxic gases from escaping into the atmosphere.
(c) Afforestation
(d) Control of power plant emissions.
(e) Adopting cleaner sources of energy (solar, wind, etc.)
Ans:- (8) When water bodies are filled with toxic effluents, making it unfit for consumption, it is known as water pollution. Water is a necessity for life. Its contamination has various ill effects on life on earth. They are –
(a) Reduction in the availability of clean drinking water.
(b) Misuse of groundwater reserves and its contamination due to overuse of fertilisers and pesticides leading to water table depletion and pollution of groundwater
(c) Water-borne diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid, etc.
(d) Damage to aquatic ecosystems.
The possible solutions to control the harmful effects of water pollution are –
(a) Recycling of domestic and sewage water by mixing it with soil correctly instead of discharging it into water bodies. This will also increase the fertility of soil.
(b) Not discharging industrial waste water and liquid waste directly into water bodies.
(c) Minimising the use of fertilisers and pesticides.
Ans:- (9) Global warming refers to the massive rise in temperature of the planet due to the solar radiation not escaping the earth atmosphere. Pollutants like carbon dioxide and CFCs and other greenhouse gases present in large amounts in the atmosphere trap the solar radiation that generally escapes back into space. Due to trapping of such heat, the temperature rises to a great extent.
Ans:- (10) The inconsiderate actions of humans for their benefit have led to many harmful effects on rest of the elements of the environment. Human activities have led to problems like global warming, drought conditions, increased forest fires, etc. The brunt of the actions has also been suffered by animal species. Human activities have endangered animal species in the following ways –
(a) Destruction of habitat by filling swamps and marshes, building dams on rivers and cutting down trees to build homes, roads, etc.
(b) Many species of fish and birds are affected by oil spills, acid rain and water pollution.
(c) Forest fires, deforestation and pollution have led to terrestrial and other wildlife species losing their habit.
(d) Over killing, poaching, hunting for leisure have led to either endangering the species or its complete extinction.
Ans:- (11) Some endangered species are – Giant panda, tiger, whooping crane, blue whale, Asian elephant, sea otter, snow leopard, gorilla.
Ans:- (12) Radioactive waste refers to the nuclear fuel that is produced after being used inside a nuclear reactor. Industries such as mining, defence, scientific research, nuclear power generation produce by-products that are radioactive. E-waste refers to the discarded electronic devices such as old cell phones, computers, batteries, electrical appliances, etc. They are dangerous for the environment in the following ways –
(a) Radioactive waste remains in the environment for a long period of time that can span a thousand of years. Such waste has considerable effects on both humans as well as other elements of the environment. Radioactive waste leads to pollution of air, water and soil if it leaks from its containment. This further affects the flora and fauna of the area. Such effect is not limited to just one generation of organisms but many future generations. The effect on the people and environment of Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the nuclear bombing during World War 2 is a good example of how much harm radioactive material can cause to the environment.
(b) E-waste does not degenerate easily and takes up a lot of time. They are hazardous to the environment. They remain in the environment for a very long time and cause problems such as pollution of the soil and water, harming the local fauna, etc.
Ans:- (13) Green economy is an alternative vision for growth and development. It focuses on both economic growth and sustainability of the environment. It promotes a safer economic, environmental and social well-being, unlike other economic models that result in harmful effects for both people and environment. Green economy improves social well-being, equity and has greater scope to implement green initiatives.
(a) It reduces the probability of environmental risks.
(b) It allows the efficient use of resources.
(c) Proper employment opportunities and related activities are some of the social benefits of green economy.
Ans:- (14) Green economy is an alternative vision for social and economic growth while simultaneously working for environmental sustainability. The scope of this arrangement is wide and it addresses various problems such as –
(a) Low carbon emissions
(b) Efficient use of resources
(c) Better and steady growth in income
(d) Proper employment opportunities
Ans:- (15) Achieving a green economy is a challenging and time-intensive task however it is important keeping in mind the present situation of the environment due to human activities and the resulting problems that humans face. Green economy can be achieved through the following steps –
(a) Political commitment–Political parties and strategy devising government bodies need to commit to the idea of green economy. Investing in better research and development, innovative renewable technologies for industries, etc. should be given importance. Countries like South Korea, Finland and Netherlands are examples of countries where there was political commitment in achieving green economy.
(b) Legal and regulatory framework – Policies and laws need to be implemented in order to eliminate damages to the environment. Binding and enforceable framework to prevent climate change is necessary.
(c) Green policies –Proper mechanisms to prevent misuse of natural resources should be implemented by government. Green investment, research and development support and increasing the efficiency of existing systems should be given priority by the government.
(d) Technology viability – Fundings should be used to support renewable technology for geopolitical and climatic conditions and solutions must be found for resource shortages.
(e) Institutional setup – Adjustments in institutional setups are necessary so that they can adopt and adapt to innovative solutions and bring in new investments for renewable resources.