SEBA Board Solution Class 9 History Chapter 3 The Moamoriya Rebellion
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 History Chapter 3 The Moamoriya Rebellion full exercise Solution by History Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 History Chapter 3 all Question Answer Solution.
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 History Chapter 3 The Moamoriya Rebellion full exercise Solution by History Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 History Chapter 3 all Question Answer Solution.
Class |
9 |
Medium |
English |
Subject |
Social Science – History |
Chapter |
3 |
Chapter Name |
The Moamoriya Rebellion |
Topic |
Solution |
Very short answer questions:
1.) What is Mayamara?
Maymara was the name of a Vaishnava Sattra, a religious and cultural organisation.
2.) What is Sattra?
The Sattra were a religious and cultural organisation which developed to preach and spread the Neo-Vaisnavite religion preached by Sankardev and Mahabdev.
3.) What is Songhoti?
The Songhoti is the traditional and ancient centres in Assam. The Songhotis are associated with the Ekasarana tradition of Vaishnavism.
4.) During the reign of which Ahom King did the Moamoriya Rebellion begin?
The Moamoriya rebellion is known as the longest rebellion in the history started under the reign of Swargadeo Lakshmi Singha.
5.) During the reign of which Ahom King did the Moamoriya Rebellion conclude?
The Moamoriya rebellion concluded under the reign of Swargadeo Kamaleswar Singha.
6.) Which Ahom King is said to have adopted the title of Swargadeo/Swarganarayan?
The Ahom king who adopted the title of Swargadeo/Swarganarayan was King Suhungmung.
7.) During the reign of Surampha Bhagaraja which Sattradhikar was murdured?
Under the reign of Surumpha Bhagaraja, the Satradhikar of Maymara Sattra Guru Nityanandadeva was murdered on royal orders.
8.) Which Satradhikar was humiliated in the royal court of Rudra Singha?
Satradhikar Chaturbhujdev was humiliated in the royal court of Rudra Singha during the reign of Siva Singha.
9.) Who was the chief deity of the Ahoms?
The chief deity of Ahoms was the Somdev.
10.) Which Satradhikar did Jaydhwaj Singha accept as his religious preceptor?
Jaydhwaj Singha accepted Satradhikar Niranjandev of Auniati Sattra as his religious preceptor.
11.) Which Satradhikar did Rudra Singha accept as his religious preceptor?
Rudra Singh accepted the Satradhikar of Auniati Sattra, Keshabadev as his religious preceptor and gave special priviledges on the Brahmanical Sattras.
12.) Who was Krishnaram Bhattacharya?
Krishnaram Bhattacharya was a Shakta Brahman Pandit from Nadiya in Bengal.
13.) During which Ahom King’s reign did Shaktism become very strong?
During the reign of Swargadeo Shiva Singh, the Shaktism became very strong.
14.) Who was Gagini?
Gagini was the son of the Moamoriya Mahanta Ashtabhuj who invited the disciples of Neo-Vaishnavite.
15.) Whom did the Moamoriyas first establish as King?
The Moamoriyas first established Nahor Khora’s son, Ramakanta or Ramananda as their king.
16.) How long did Capatain Welsh stay in Assam?
Captain Welsh along with his contingent stayed in Assam from November 1792 to May 1794.
17.) Where was salt produced in Assam?
The salt was produced in Sadiya and Nagapahar in Assam.
18.) Why were the common people of Assam unable to use salt?
The common people were unable to use salt as it was a very expensive commodity.
Short/Long question
1.) Who were the Moamoriyas? Can this rebellion be called a mass uprising?
The Moamoriyas belonged to the Moran tribe. The word Moamoriya word has originated from the ‘Maymara’, the name of a Vaishnava Sattra within the Kaal Songhoti. The Maymara Sattra was run by the Sudra Satradhikars who were referred as Mahanta. These people found great dignity and pride in their followers and slowly their number of disciples increased. The disciples followed their gurus without any question and this increased the power and position of the Sattraand the Mahantas.The rising power of the Sattra started clashes with the Ahom royal powers. Slowly, this continuous struggle of power led to longest rebellion in the history of Assam. The rebellion has been called a mass uprising as common people like peasants and other professionals in large numbers participated in this rebellion. The rebellion affected the political, social and economic life of the people of Assam.
2.) Analyse the political causes of the Moamoriya Rebellion.
The Moamoriya rebellion was the result of long oppression by the Ahom rulers for long duration. They were the followers of Sattra. These Mayamara Sattra who were run by the Sudra Sattra who were known as the Mahantas. These people were very devoted to their Gurus and never bowed their heads in front of anyone else. This increased the power and position of the Sattra and the Mahantas.The rising power of the Sattra started clashes with the Ahom royal powers. The continuous struggle between the Mahantas and the Swargadeos increased and led to the murder of Guru Nityanandadeva. Many other similar incidents took place for suppressing the power and popularity of the Moamoriyas.The Ahom rulers were blamed by the Moamoriyas and they decided to take revenge. The continuous insults and oppression of the tribe and their Gurus resulted in the Moamoriya Rebellion.
3.) Do you think the change in the religious policy of the Ahoms was a cause of the Moamoriya Rebellion? Discuss.
The Ahoms were followers of God Somdev. With time they were interested towards the Hindu religion. Swargadeo Jaydhwaj accepted Satradhikar Niranjandev as his religious preceptor and gave them royal patronage. Slowly the Sattras gained more popularity and the royals of Ahom dyanasty started to feel threatened by their popularity. The different kings started to curb the popularity of the Satradhikars and Sattras. The policy of divide and rule which was started by Swargadeo Gadadhar Singha to increase the differences between the Brahman and Sudra Sattras and the Sattras had to leave and escape to safer lands. The policy of divide and rule followed by the Ahoms was changed by King Rudra and the exiled Satradhikars were brought back and settled in Majuli. Keshabadev, the Satradhikar of Auniati was made the royal religious preceptor and donated many priviledges. This led to the increased differences between the Brahman and Sudra Sattras. During the Siva Singha’s reign Queen Phuleswari who was also known as ‘Bor Raja’ became powerful and Shaktism got the opportunity to flourish and on the royal orders the Sudra Mahantas were defeated. The Moamoriya Rebellion started as the result of all the insults faced by them.
4.) How far was the paik system responsible for the Moamoriya Rebellion? Give your own opinion.
The followers of the Moamoriya Sattra were tribal people and belonged to lower class. They had to provide menial labor under the Paik system of the Ahoms. The followers of the Sattras were also professional artisans like pottery, blacksmiths etc. They also made weapons for the Ahom army. The Ahoms fully took advantage of these people and kept them socially and economically backward. The Paik system was also divided into two groups: Kanri Paik and Chamua Paik. As a policy of exploitation, the Ahoms divided the Paiks were divided into two classes: the Kanri Paik who were majority and the second was the Chamua Paik who were in less numbers. The Chamua paiks were in higher status and relieved from paying taxes. The numbers of the Chamua Paiks also increased and the social and economic pressures of the Kanri Paiks increased which slowly led to conflicts. The Moamoriya disciples believed that the Ahom state depended on them and they will come to a favorable situation where the problems of Moamoriya tribes will be reduced. The situation did not improve and the they decided to start rebellion to end the conflict.
5.) Discuss the results of the Moamoriya Rebellion.
The Moamoriya Rebellion caused many results. The rebellion continued for about 35 years, started from the reign of Swargadeo Lakshmi Singha and continued till the reign of Swargadeo Kamaleswar Singha. There were number of results after the Moamoriya rebellion: –
i.) Political Results- With the end of the rebellion which lasted three decades, the Ahom dynasty was completely destroyed. The English took the advantage of the weakness started to provide administrative help and started to make foothold in Assam. The Ahom dynasty followed a feudal form of administration. The King was the head of the administration. With the fall of the Ahom kingdoms, weak kings the officials became powerful and the conditions of the common people was very poor. Several new independent rulers started to rule and exploit. The Moamoriyas did not also implement any ne administrative mechanism. The failure of both Ahom and Moamoriya helped the British to form their hold on Assam.
ii.) Socio-Economic Results-The rebellion had negative effect on the social and economic conditions of Assam. The rebels killed the supporters of Ahom rulers, the royal army killed, tortured everyone without separating the innocent and guilty. The fields and crops were destroyed and the common men had to flee to neighboring states and mountains. Moamoriyas were also killed in large numbers. All these affected the production and the economy of the state. The rebellion also caused social isolation and there was division between the Brahmanical Sattras and Moamoriya Sattras. The English took advantage of this situation and broke the social fabric of the state.
iii.) Creation of the Matak Kingdom- During the rebellion many rebellious leaders took advantage of the situation and ruled in feudal manner. Purnananda Burhagohain made treaty with a feudal lord Sarbananda and created the Matak Rajya in Bengmara between the Brahmaputra and Dihang rivers. Sarbananda was given the title of Borsenpati, a tributary ruler. He promised to pay yearly tribute of ivory and Muga silk to the Ahom King.
6.) Do you think the Moamoriya Rebellion was successful or unsuccessful? Give logic for your answer.
The Moamoriya Rebellion The rebellion continued for about 35 years, started from the reign of Swargadeo Lakshmi Singha and continued till the reign of Swargadeo Kamaleswar Singha. The main aim of the rebellion was to end the atrocities of the Ahom rulers and establish the rule of the Moamoriya tribe. The Moamoriya tribe was able to destroy and dethroning the cruel Ahom Kings. There was breakdown of administration and there were huge political and socio-economic changes in the state. Number of feudal rulers rose who were not honest rulers, people had to leave their land and homes, paddy fields were burnt and complete breakdown of economy took place. The Moamoriya tribe when came to the power started to fight amongst themselves. The weak kingdom of the Assam was invaded by the Burmese and completely devastated the state. The British started to take advantage of the condition and took over the full control of all resources and people of Assam.
7.) Under what circumstances did Captain Welsh come to Assam? Why did he leave his expedition incomplete and go back?
The weakness of the Ahom King enabled many small tributary kings stood against the Ahom domination. Swargadeo Gaurinath Singha had to flee from Gauhati and take refuge in Nowgaon due to the conflict between Darrang Raja Krishna Narayan and Haradutta Choudhury. The revolts caused by Sindhura Hazarika forced the Swargadeo again return to Gauhati. The rebels under the Bairagi Raja burnt Swargadeo’s residence. Under all these circumstances, the Swargadeo requested for the assistance of the English Captain Welsh to help him reoccupy Gauhati. Captain Welsh under the British government helped the Swargadeo as they were interested in gathering information about the state and re-establish the Ahom King on the throne. The contingent was sent to Assam in 1792. Captain Welsh had to leave the expedition and return to home due to the new policies of non-intervention of Sir John Shore which he intended to implement without any delay. Thus, Captain Welsh was asked to return immediately.
8.) Describe the role played by Captain Welsh in suppressing the Moamoriya Rebellion. How far was he successful?
The weakness of the Ahom King enabled many small tributary kings stood against the Ahom domination. Many small and big revolts started. Swargadeo Gaurinath Singh had to flee from his kingdom and was unable to hold his reign. He asked the English for support to save his kingdom and common people from the Moamoriya Rebellion and the Burkandezes of Bengal. The British government sent a contingent under Captain Thomas Welsh. The Swargadeo returned to Gauhati, reclaimed his position with the help of English Company. The Bairagi Raja and his followers were imprisoned, the Darrang raja and his burkandaze were also defeated. Haradutta Choudhury was suppressed and was settled as the tributary king. Captain Welsh after defeating all the rebellions, went to Rangpur to find solutions for the Ahom kingdom. On 8th February 1793, a trade treaty was signed between Gaurinath Singha and Captain Welsh. Captain Welsh requested the Governor General for six new company platoons.With the coming of new soldiers, the Moamoriyas were forced to evacuate Rangpur, large number of Moamoriyas were killed. On 21st march 1794, Rangpur was free from rebels and Swargadeo Gaurinath Singh again claimed the capital. Captain Thomas Welsh was partially successful in stopping the rebellion as after his return the Moamoriyas again took over Rangpur and the Swargadeo had to shift his capital to Jorhat.
9.) Discuss the Captain Welsh’s Account of Assam.
The English officer Captain Welsh wrote a very valuable account of the socio-political condition of Assam in the 18th century which he sent to the Governor General Sir John Shore. He described in details about the procedure of selection of Ahom kings and about his powers. The five principal Ministers of the Ahom administration and their continuous fight for power has also been added to the account. The system of Paik and their functions were also mentioned in detail. According to Captain Welsh, the dictatorship of Kritichandra Borbarua, denial of throne to Mohanmala Gohain, murder of the Moamoriya Mahanta and the struggle for power between the officials and bureaucratswere the main reasons for the breakdown of Ahom empire. The account also praises the British soldiers for saving the Assam from the rebels and restoring peace in the state. The account by Welsh on trade and economy focused on the resources of Assam. Large scale trade took place between Assam and Bengal and it brought about huge amount of Rs 90,000 per year. Salt was scarce in Assam and it was most important commodity and imported in huge amount. Grains were produced in large quantity and other products included mustard, sugarcane, ginger, indigo, areca nut and betel leaves, iron, lac gold etc.
Short Notes:
1.) Kirtichandra Barua
2.) Mayamara Sattra
3.) Purnananda Burhagohain
4.) Kanri paik and Chamua paik
5.) Trade treaty between Welsh and Gauri
6.) Bar Raja Phuleswari
7.) Parbatiya Gasain
8.) Sarbananda
9.) Bharat Singha
10.) Rangpur city
Answer:
1) .Kritichandra Barua- Kritichandra was a disciple of the Dihing Sattra which was constantly in conflict with Mayamara Sattra. He always humiliated the Maymara Mahanta. Kritichandra humiliated and found flaws in the elephants brought by the Moran disciple leaders Nahor Khora Saikia and Raga Moran as annual tax for the royal palace. He also flogged Ragha and Nahor Khora’s ear cut off. This incident became one of immediate reasons for the rebellion to start. Kritichandra was apprehended and imprisoned by the rebels.
2.) Maymara Satra- The Moamoriyas were a branch of the Moran tribe and disciples of Vaishnava Sattra. The Satradhikars of Maymara Sattra belonged to the Sudra caste and were liked by all castes and tribes. The increasing strength in the number of disciples and their devotion to their Guru made the Mahantas very powerful and the Sattra became very powerful and famous. This led to the conflict between the Maymara Sattra and the Ahom royals. The atrocities by the Ahom rulers, the conflicts and power struggle etc led to the rebellion for three decades.
3.) Purnananda Burhagohain – Purnananda Burhagohain was the prime minister of the Ahom kingdom from 1782 to 1817. He was a great administrator, leader and a man of courage, valor and duty. He tried to save the Ahom kingdom with a small army from the rebellions. He had to shift to Jorhat and established it as the Ahom capital. He trained villagers in warfare to fight against the Moamoriyas and he protected his subjects from all forms of atrocities.
4.) Karni Paik and Chamua Paik-The Paik system was divided into two groups: Kanri Paik and Chamua Paik. They did all types of menial labors. The division was aimed towards the exploitation of the Moamoriyas by the Ahom Kings. The Kanri Paik was larger in number and the Chamua Paik less in number and had a higher status. They were exempted from payment of land taxes. The numbers of the Chamua Paiks also increased and thereby increasing the social inequality and conflict.
5.) Trade treaty between Welsh and Gaurinath Singha- A trade Treaty was signed between Gaurinath Singha and Captain Welsh on 8 February !793. The treaty required to dominate the Moamoriyas and re-establish the Ahom kingdom. The following terms were signed in the Treaty-
i.) Tax of 10% was levied on any commodity imported into Assam from any English dominated region.
ii.) Tax of 10% was levied on any commodity exported from Assam to any English dominated region.
iii.) No tax was to be collected on grain and rice.
iv.) Two custom officers were set up in Gauhati and Kandahar for collection of import and export duties.
v.) No other European traders were to trade in Assam without the permission of the English or the Ahom government.
6.) Bor Raja Phuleswari- During the reign of Swargadeo Siva Singha, Queen Phuleswari who was known as ‘Bor Raja’ started to become very powerful. Coins were minted in her name and she was influenced by the Brahmins. Shaktism flourished during her time. The Maymara Mahanta was forced by her to wear tilak made out of the blood of sacrificed animals. This created huge amount of hatred and discontentment among the Maymara Sattras.
7.) Parbatiya Gasain -Krishnaram Bhattacharya or Parbatiya Gossain was a Shakta Brahman priest who was invited by Swargadeo Rudra Singha from Bengal. When the son of Rudra Singh, Shiva Singh started following the priest and settled in the Nilachal hills. Later on, Krishnaram Bhattacharya and his successors were christened as ‘Parbatiya Gosain’
8.) Sarbananda Singha – Sarbananda Singha was a Moamoriya leader who lived in Upper Assam and declared himself ruler of Matak Rajya. He issued coins in his name and after the death of Swargadeo Bharat Singha, he led the rebel with the assistance of the Singphos. The power and strength of the Moamoriyas made Purnananda realize therequirement of understanding with Sarbananda. Thus, a treaty was concluded between Moamoriya leader Sarbananda and Ahom minister Purnananda. The area between Brahmaputra and Dihing was named as Matak Rajya, a new independent kingdom under Sarbananda who agreed to pay yearly tribute. The revolt of Moamoriyas against the Ahoms came to end with this treaty.
9.) Bharat Singha-Bharat Singha was a relative of Mahanta and was made to sit on the throne as the King by the Moamoriyas. During the joint attack by the English and Assamese soldiers under the command of Captain Welsh, a huge number of Moamoriyas were killed. Raja Bharat Singha was also injured and managed to escape alive. In 1810 Raja Bharat Singha was killed when the royal army attacked and suppressed Moamoriya rebels who fought with the alliance of Singphos and Khamtis.
10.) Rangpur City-Rangpur city was one of the capital cities of Ahom kingdom which was established by Swargadeo Rudra Singha in 1707.It is a part of the town of Sibsagar. Rangpur City was one of the most glamorous cities of Ahom kingdom. In his account of Assam, Captain Welsh describes that the capital city was 20 miles long and surrounded by brick walls which were not properly maintained. The agriculture was developed and near the city. The land was owned by the kings and high officials. The common people were in poor conditions and products were cheaply priced, grains were not sold in the market and products of exchange was salt and gold. The city was in dilapidated condition as it faced the wrath of rebellion on regular basis.
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