SEBA Board Solution Class 9 History Chapter 2 Growth Of Indian Nationalism
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 History Chapter 2 Growth Of Indian Nationalism full exercise Solution by History Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 History Chapter 2 all Question Answer Solution.
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 History Chapter 2 Growth Of Indian Nationalism full exercise Solution by History Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 History Chapter 2 all Question Answer Solution.
Class |
9 |
Medium |
English |
Subject |
Social Science – History |
Chapter |
2 |
Chapter Name |
Growth Of Indian Nationalism |
Topic |
Solution |
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1.) What was the main factor responsible for the growth of Indian Nationalism?
The influence of the western education was an important factor for the growth of nationalism.
2.) Who was the writer of Anandamath?
The author of ‘Anandamath’ was Shri Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
3.) Who composed the song ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha’?
The song ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha ‘was written by Urdu poet Dr. Muhammed Iqbal.
4.) When and where was the first railway line in India constructed?
The first railway line of 21 miles connecting Bombay and Thana was inaugurated in 1853.
5.) When and where was the first telegraph line in India constructed?
The first Telegraph line was laid in 1839 between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour.
- ) When and where was the first Printing Press established in India?
The first printing press was established at Goa in 1556 C.E. by the Portuguese.
7.) When was the Calcutta Presidency College established? By what name was it known earlier?
The Calcutta Presidency College was first established in the year 1817. It was first named as Hindu College and renamed as Presidency College in 1855.
8.) Mention two important social reforms of Lord William Bentinck.
The most important social reforms of Lord William Bentinck were to abolish ‘Sati’ permanently and suppression of female infanticide.
9.) Name the first newspaper published in India.
The first newspaper published in India was Hickey’s Bengal Gazette, an English newspaper published by James Augustus Hicky.
LONG ANSWER QUESTION:
1.) Write briefly how the Revolt of 1857 led to the growth of Indian nationalism?
The Revolt of 1857 was an important milestone in the country’s fight for political freedom. The feeling of national freedom can be said to start from this revolt. The rebels of Revolt of 1857 wanted their Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II to rule again and planned to eradicate British control from the country. The rebel failed but it had a great national awakening. The British administration introduced a new method of western education which brought about a new spirit of understanding and outlook among the young Indians. There was change from the medieval and blind outlook of the customs and faiths and awakening of new ideas and thoughts came into the young minds of India. A feeling of unity and integrity towards one nation started to emerge along-with a feeling of sense of responsibility towards the society and fellow countrymen. The revolt of 1857 though a failure paved the way for a feeling of nationalism in the mind and hearts of the Indians.
2.) Write the main objectives of ‘Wood’s Despatch”?
The western education was an influential factor for the birth of nationalism. By the early nineteenth century different measures were taken to revive the education system of India. Many schools and colleges were opened in many places in Bengal and in many other places in the country. In 1854, Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, presented the first comprehensive planning for the spread of modern education in India. The main aims of ‘Wood’s Despatch’ were a systematic educational hierarchy from primary through the high school and college to university. Vernacular languages were introduced and encouraged at the school level and the English at the university level. Scholarships were presented to students with merit. A system of grant-in -aid was started to increase the number of educational institutions. The Wood’s Despatch also recommended the establishment of Education Department in all the provinces. The British government planned the new education system to create a class of humble, subservient Indians who were to serve them permanently.
3.) Write about six important reasons for the growth of Indian nationalism.
The most important reasons for the growth of nationalism were:
i.) The western education was an influential factor for the birth of nationalism.By the early nineteenth century different measures were taken to revive the education system of India. Many schools and colleges were opened in many places in Bengal and in many other places in the country. The new education system introduced a modern way of thought and feeling of unity started to emerge.
ii.) The development of various modes of modern transport and communications like roadways, railways, post and telegraph brought the distant areas nearer and people came to know more about their fellow countrymen. The communication system, printing presses connected people of distant areas broadened the knowledge and horizon of the young minds.
iii.) Educated and progressive minds of the country like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Dadabhai Naroji and many others started to fight the evils of the society and brought about changes in the minds of young men and women.
iv.) The emergence of the Indian National Congress in 1885 also paved the way for the feeling of nationalism and a feeling of unity and integrity in the people of the country. They started to become aware of the atrocities of imperial rule and to raise voice against it.
v.) The organisations like Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ramkrishna Mission, Theosophical Society were based on religious and social reforms, they brought about ‘Renaissance’ of thought and ideas in this country. They tried to implement the positivity of European society and change the evil practices of Indian society and positively influenced the freedom movement of the country.
vi.) The coming of press, introduction of vernacular languages and growth of newspapers also influenced the feeling of nationalism. These newspapers voiced the atrocities of the British government and the sufferings of the Indians.
4.) Write at least four effects of the introduction of western education in India.
. By the early nineteenth century different measures were taken to revive the education system of India. Many schools and colleges were opened in many places in Bengal and in many other places in the country. The British parliament provided an annual expenditure of rupees one lakh for educating the Indians by the Charter Act 1813.In 1854, Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, presented the first comprehensive planning for the spread of modern education in India.The western education became an influential factor for the birth of nationalism and opened a new horizon in the minds of the young Indian. The young Indians came into contact with the radical liberal ideas of political thinkers of west like Rosseau, Voltaire, Spencer, Locke etc and got influenced with the ideas of democracy, self-government, nationalism etc, the stories of American War of Independence, the French Revolution etc were a source of inspiration and motivation for them. The ideas of liberty, equality was slowly gaining importance and affected their thoughts and minds.
5.) Discuss the impact of western education towards the growth of Indian nationalism.
The western education paved a path of new ideas and thoughts which were completely different. Different measures were taken to revive the education system of India during the nineteenth century. Many schools and colleges were opened in many places in Bengal and in many parts of the country. The young Indians came into contact with the radical liberal ideas of political thinkers of west like Rosseau, Voltaire, Spencer, Locke etc and got influenced with the ideas of democracy, self-government, nationalism etc, the stories of American War of Independence, the French Revolution etc were a source of inspiration and motivation for them. The ideas of liberty, equality was slowly gaining importance and affected their thoughts and minds. Indians like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Swami Vivekananda started propagating new ideas of religion and social traditions and made efforts to eradicate the social evil practices of Indian society. Their teachings became the ideals for the young Indians and rekindled the feelings of nationalism.
6.) How did the development of transport and communication lead to the growth of nationalism in India?
The development of various modes of modern transport and communications like roadways, railways, post and telegraph brought the distant areas nearer and people came to know more about their fellow countrymen. The first railway line of 21 miles connecting Bombay and Thana was inaugurated in 1853, In 1883 railway networks was started between Sadiya and Dibrugarh in Assam. The first Telegraph line was laid in 1839 between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour. The first printing press was established at Goa in 1556 C.E. by the Portuguese.The vernacular newspapers expressed the atrocities of the British government and slowly the feeling of nationalism did not remain restricted to the intellectuals but spread to the common people. All these communication systems, printing presses connected people of distant areas broadened the knowledge and horizon of the young minds.
7.) Discuss the contribution of Raja Ram Mohun Roy in the growth of Indian nationalism?
With the spread of western education, a nationalistic, liberal feeling started to emerge in the minds of the young Indians. Certain educated and enlightened Indians engaged themselves to motivate the young generation, fought against the social evils and brought about improvement in the conditions of women. Among these Indians Raja Ram Mohan Roy contributed immensely in the development of nationalism. Raja Ram Mohan Roy initiated various social, political and religious movements. He founded the Brahmo Samaj to clear the evil practices of Hinduism. He studied and re-interpreted the ancient Hindu scriptures, translated Upanishads and Vedas into simple Bengali language. He was against polytheism and idol worship. He worked towards the spread of education. He fought against casteism, social reformations, was against casteism, childmarriage, polygamy, purdah etc. He propagated widow remarriage and inter-caste marriage and encouraged the young men to marry widows. Due to his hard work, ‘Sati’ was abolished permanently. He also advocated for women’s right in property. The Hindu college was founded in Calcutta in 1817 with the contribution and hard work of Raja Ram Mohan Roy and David Hare. He fought for the changes in the administration, separation in the judiciary from executive and codification of civil and penal laws. He was considered as the father of modern India.
8.) Discuss the contribution of Dayanand Saraswati in the growth of Indian nationalism?
Dayanand Saraswati was a great Sanskrit scholar and he founded Arya Samaj in the year of 1875 in Punjab.The Arya Samaj also believed in unity of God and propagated monotheism. The Arya Samaj also like the Brahmo Samaj were against polytheism and idol worship, they criticized the social evil practices like child marriage, casteism and polygamy. Dayanand Saraswati believed in equal status of men and women, advocated for widow remarriage and spread women education. Arya Samaj fought against various superstitions like ill effect of sea voyages and encouraged sea voyages as a source of adventure and knowledge. Dayanand Saraswati believed in Vedas as the true knowledge of Hinduism, started the slogan ‘Go back to the Vedas’. They started a ‘Sudhi Movement’ through which non -Hindus were converted to Hinduism as they believed this was a way to preserve the identity of the Hindus. The Arya Samaj started to open their various branches propagating their ideas and helping in the growth of nationalism by motivating the young Indians with their progressive social ideas.
9.) Discuss the contribution of Keshav Chandra Sen in the growth of Indian nationalism?
The Prarthana Samaj which was started by Keshab Chandra Sen in Maharashtra in 1869, they were inspired by the ideologies of the Brahmo Samaj. The Samaj also fought against many social evils and tried ways to emancipate the women, they advocated education of women, widow remarriage, equality between men and women. The whole of South India was inspired by the views and works of the Prarthana Samaj. The most important reformer of the Prarthana Samaj was Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade who with his inspirations from the teachings of the neo-Vaishnavite Bhakti saints like Tukaram, Ramadas worked for the progress of the society. The Widow Remarriage Association,the deccan Education society were established, activities like spread of education, opening of the orphanages, night schools etcwere started. These activities of the Samaj evolved a new and progressive thought among the young Indians and ideas of nationality, integrity, brotherhood, responsibility towards country and country men and helped in the growth of nationalism.
10.) Discuss the contribution of Ramkrishna Paramhamsa in the growth of Indian nationalism?
Ramkrishna Paramhansa was a simple, pious and devotee of Ma Kaali. He spent all his life in worshipping and preaching his religious ideas to his followers. His teachings were his ways to achieve the ultimate goal of life which is realization of God, the oneness of all Gods, existence of truth and unity in all religions. He urged his disciples to achieve spiritual upliftment by following the path of God, leave all evil thoughts and pursuit of wealth, help everyone irrespective of class, caste and religion. He believed that knowledge is the path of unity for all human beings. He taught his disciples to be aware of the condition of the common people, to understand the necessity of freedom and equality, to always strive for brotherhood and perform services for the benefits of others. The youths of the country were motivated by his teachings and were inspired with ideas of brotherhood and national integrity. Swami Vivekananda was the most important disciple of Ramkrishna Paramhansa who by following his Guru’s ideas encouraged his fellow country men with ideas of pride, honor and nationality and also founded Ramkrishna Mission. The Mission followed the teachings of Ramkrishna Paramhansa and Swami Vivekananda and worked for the emancipation of women and Indian society as a whole.
11.) Discuss the contribution of Anne Besant in the growth of Indian nationalism?
Mrs. Annie Besant was an Irish lady who visited India and settled here in 1893.The Theosophical Society, an international society was established in 1893 and its branch was opened in 1885 at Adyar in Madras. The Society worked for the revival of the society, women education, upliftment of the poor and illiterate and bringing back the respect and pride of the Indians. Mrs. Anne Besant, through her social services made more efforts to spread awareness among the Indians regarding the richness of Indian philosophy, culture and heritage. She started the Central Hindu School in Banaras in 1898 which changed into Banaras Hindu University.
12.) What is Aligarh Movement? To what extent did it infuse modern outlook and thinking among the Indian Muslims.?
The Aligarh Movement was the spread of modern education and feeling of nationalism among the Indian Muslims. This started with the establishment of Aligarh College and came to be known as the Aligarh Movement. The college was established under the leadership of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as he believed that education was the most important tool for awakening people socially and politically. The Aligarh movement was responsible for increasing the political consciousness among the Indian Muslims. The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College was the most important organisation after the National Congress which made contribution in developing feeling of nationalism throughout the nation. The college introduced western education and ideas, literature and culture among the young Indian Muslims. The newly educated class started to actively eradicate the social evils which were present in the Muslim community for ages.
13.) How did the printing press in India lead to the growth of Indian nationalism? Discuss.
The concept of printing press was first introduced by the Europeans in India. The first newspaper was published in 1780 by James Augustus Hicky. Slowly many newspapers in English language started to get published but these newspapers did not portray anything abut the Indians. The educated Indians understood the need for printing press as it was a powerful means of mass communication which can spread knowledge and information to millions. Thus, they started to publish newspapers in vernacular languages. Vernacular newspapers like Sanjivani, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Bangadarshan etc were among the important newspapers. The people living at different corners of the country started to know about the other part of the country. They cam to know about stories of independence of countries like America, Russia, of ideas like democracy, equality and liberty. Moreover, the atrocities of the British rule, sufferings of native people came to light through the vernacular newspapers. The people were not anymore restricted to one distant part of the nation, feelings of nationalism reached all parts of the country. The Government became aware of the role of the newspaper as the tool of Indian Renaissance and started to control the vernacular newspapers. The Censorship Act was passed on the press in 1799 and the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was passed to stop the newspapers from inspiring people with ideas of national unity
14.) Discuss briefly the factors that led to the birth of Indian National Congress.
Under the tenure of Lord Dufferin, Allan Octavian Hume, a retired English Civil Service Servant took the efforts of organize an all-India organisation of the Indians. Along with 50 students he organized a meeting under the banner of Indian National Union. On 28th December 1885, a congregation was held at Bombay and was attended by 72 delegates from different parts of the country and it was decided to rename the organisation as the Indian National Congress and Womesh Chandra Banerjee was chosen as the first President of the Indian National Congress. The Indian National Congress became the organisation where all the educated Indians from across the country met and discussed their political and national ideas.Moreover, the Indian National Congress became the stage for forming reactions against the British rulers who were brutal, ruthless and imperialistic towards the Indians.
15.) Give a brief account of the working of the Indian National Congress during the early years of its formation.
The Indian National Congress followed a moderate policy of functioning during the early years; they used petitions to express their grievances and were interested in keeping friendly relations with the British Government. The Indian Council Act of 1892 was a disappointment to the Congress. The incident like Partition of Bengal etc brought about huge discontentment among the Indians. Many Congress leaders were losing interest in the moderate policies of the Congress. In the Calcutta Session Congress 1906, Bipin Chandra Pal urged the members to leave the moderate approach, as a result there was a rift between the members and the Congress was split into two groups: The Extremists led by the Lal Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal. The movements like Swadeshi Movement etc propagated the feeling of nationalism, Swaraj and national education moulded the minds of young people. Dadabhai Naroji was presiding as the President of the Congress and during his tenure, he propagated the attainment of ‘Swaraj’. The Indian National Congress laid the foundation of the national movement of India and slowly the whole nation joined in the struggle of freedom.
Also See: Advent of the Europeans into India Chapter Question Answer