SEBA Board Solution Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Basic Economic Problems
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Basic Economic Problems full exercise Solution by Social Science Economics Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 Political Science & Economics Chapter 2 all Question Answer Solution.
Medium |
English |
Subject |
Social Science (Economics) |
Chapter |
2 |
Chapter Name |
Basic Economic Problems |
Topic |
Solution |
Give very short answer:
1.)
Define –
(a) Poverty
(b) Unemployment
(c) Density of population
(d) Sex ratio
(e) Absolute poverty
(f) Relative poverty
(g) Sustainable development
(h) Green economy
a.) Poverty- It is a situation in which a person is unable tocater for himself and family the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, shelter, education and medical facilities The poverty level shows that income of the person is also very low that basic needs cannot be met.
b.) Unemployment- It is a situation of lack of work. In Economics, people who are unable to acquire any work opportunity in spite of the ability and desire to work is termed as Unemployment.
c.) Density of population- It is the measurement of population per unit area or it is the total number of people living in an area per square kilometer.
d.) Sex Ratio- Sex Ratio tells us the proportion of males and females in the total number of the proportion. It is the number of females per 1000 males.
e.) Absolute poverty- It is the situation when the income of a household is below the level of sustenance, the basic requirements like food, clothing and shelter are not fulfilled with the income. This is known as Absolute Poverty.
f.) Relative poverty- It is a condition when the income of the household is below the minimum by certain percentages. It is the easiest method of measuring the level of poverty in a country.
g.) Sustainable development-The deterioration of bio-diversity, climate change etc has led to the beginning of a new concept known as the Sustainable Development in 1987. This concept aims to control the adverse effects of economic developments that take place around the on the environment. It also aims to meet the needs of the population without affecting the environment and compromising the needs of the future generations.
h.) Green Economy-In this form of economy, the aim is to move the threats that takes place in the environment and the problems of the ecological system to achieve the sustainable development. This is called Green Economy.
2.) What is poverty line? What is the poverty line in rural and urban areas?
Poverty Line- It is the line which divides the rich and poor people. It is the minimum level of income decided to be required for acquiring the necessities of life. Poverty line also decides the value of money of various goods and services which are needed for sustenance of an individual.According to the report of 2011-2012 by Rangarajan Committee the poverty line in rural areas is Rs 32 and Rs 47 in urban areas.
3.) What is the population of India and Assam according to the 2011 census?
According to the 2011 census, the population of India is 121 crores and population of assam is 3 crores and 12lakhs.
4.) What percentage of the total land area of the world is in India?
2.4% of the world’s total land area is in India.
5.) Which state of India has the highest sex ratio and how much is it?
Kerala has the highest sex ratio in the country, it is 1058 females for every 1000 males.
6.) What is the density of population of Assam?
The density of population of Assam is 397 people.
7.) What is disguised unemployment?
Disguised or hidden unemployment is a situation when a person seems to be employed but in reality, he does not have any role in the total production. Example- In agriculture, when a job can be done by two persons but five persons are employed for the same work then three of them are said to be under disguised unemployment as those three people are not contributing in the total production.
8.) What is inflation?
Inflation is a state of rise in prices from the original ranges of price is known as Inflation. Inflation can be a continuous process and cause decline in the value of money.
- What are the causes of inflation?
Inflation can be caused due to many reasons; two main reasons are Demand-pull and Cost-push.
10.) What is known as suppressed inflation?
When the government takes control over the rise in prices through different methods such as public distribution system, fixation of prices and keeps the price level of commodities below the price level of open inflation and thereby leads to the decrease in the rate of rise in prices. This situation is known as Suppressed inflation.
11.) How many workers are there in an unregulated sector?
In an unregulated or unorganized sector the number of workers is less than 10.
12.) Complete the following:
Worker – population ratio
Total working population
-x100
Worker -population ratio= total working population/ Total Work force X 100.
13.) Which committee put forward the definition of Sustainable Development and in which year did it do so?
The definition of Sustainable Development was brought forward by the Brundtland Commission in 1987.
14.) What is the motto of environmental thinkers?
The motto of the environmentally conscious individuals and institutions is – “Think globally; act locally”.
Give very long answer :
1.) Discuss the main causes for the problem of rapid growth of population in India.
A developing country faces many problems like political, economic, population etc. India being a developing nation also faces similar issues. The rate of growth of population in India is highest and has highest population in the world. There are many reasons for the increase in the rate of population:
i.) High Birth rate- It is found that in rural areas specifically children are considered as a source of income. Thus, the rural people are in favor of having more children which can increase their source of income.
ii.) Illiteracy- The lack of education and social awareness is a very important reason for increase in population. Uneducated people are not aware of harmful effects of having a greater number of children. Poor parents are unable of provide proper education, health facilities to their children.
iii.) Lack of Family Planning- In most of the rural areas and urban slum areas there is no knowledge of family planning. The people who live in these areas live below poverty line and a greater number of children are an asset to them as they can send their children to earn money for the household. They do not know the harmful effects of overpopulation and lack of education also makes them avoid family planning measures.
iv.) Early marriage- the custom of giving away girls in marriage in our rural areas are very crucial reason for increased rate of population. Marriage is a very important and sacred ritual in our country and girls are married in very early age which results in longer child bearing age leading to increase in population.
v) Low Death rate- Advancement in the field of medical science has eradicated many diseases and various medicine and medical facilities have increased the longevity of many Indians. This has also increased the population.
2.) What is poverty? Explain how the poverty line determines poverty.
The burning issue of many developing countries is poverty. Different economists have given many definitions of poverty. Poverty is a situation when a person is unable to acquire the basic necessities like food, medicine, clothing and education for himself and family. According to the World Bank poverty has many aspects and factors like low income, inability to acquire basic requirements, poor health, poor sanitation facilities and no access to pure drinking water are most important.
The poverty line of a nation forms a minimum point and divides the population of the country into categories like ‘poor’ and ‘non-poor’ The most widely accepted definition of poverty line is based on calories which was proposed by the Planning Commission of India. The calorie consumption is 2100 in urban areas and 2400 in rural areas. All people who are below this category are defined as ‘poor’. The monthly per capita expenditure is Rs 1430 in rural areas and Rs 2630 in urban areas based on the prices of the commodities.
3.) What is inflation? Discuss the main methods of controlling inflation.
Inflation is a state of rise in prices from the original ranges of price is known as Inflation. Inflation can be a continuous process and cause decline in the value of money. The government takes into account many measures to control Inflation which are as follows: –
i.) Monetary measures-The government takes up various monetary measures like Bank Rate. The rate at which the Central Bank gives loans to the commercial banks is known as Bank Rate. If an inflation takes place the Bank rate is increased as the commercial banks also increase the market rate of interest on loans and as a result the people do not take up any loans which cause decline in the circulation of money.
ii.) Fiscal measures- Fiscal measure is also known as income and expenditure method. If there is decrease in government expenditure then there is decrease in the total demands in the country, this leads to control the inflation. The government levies different taxes to revert the disposable income of its citizens which again helps to control the inflation. The government also takes loans from the public to control inflation.
iii.) Increase in Production- By increasing the production by proper utilization of resources the demands of various commodities can be met and the price of these basic items can also be controlled and thereby controlling the inflation.
4.) What is unemployment? What are its different types? Mention the main causes of this problem.
Unemployment-It is a situation of lack of work. In Economics, people who are unable to acquire any work opportunity in spite of the ability and desire to work is termed as Unemployment.
Unemployment is of two types- Rural Unemployment and Urban Unemployment. Rural Unemployment refers to the situation of the villagers who are unable to acquire any jobs to meet the basic needs.
Rural unemploymentis also of two categories – Seasonal Unemployment – The seasonal unemployment means people are unemployed during certain seasons and are employed for the rest of the year. Example- The people who are engaged in agricultural work do not have work during certain period of the year.
Disguised Unemployment-Disguised or hidden unemployment is a situation when a person seems to be employed but in reality, he does not have any role in the total production. Example- In agriculture, when a job can be done by two persons but five persons are employed for the same work then three of them are said to be under disguised unemployment as those three people are not contributing in the total production.
Urban Unemployment are also of two categories: Industrial unemployment – People who are unable to find employment in the industries are called as industrial unemployed. Educated Unemployment- Many educated youths cannot find employment even after having proper educational or technical qualifications. These youths are called as Educational unemployed.
There are many causes for unemployment as follows:
i.) Over population-The rate of employment does not increase with the increase in the number of populations. This results in large number of people remaining unemployed.
ii.) Jobless Growth- When there is a gap between the growth of national income and the rate unemployment the situation is known as Jobless Growth causing unemployment.
iii.) Stagnant agricultural development-India is an agricultural nation but there has not been much growth in the field of agriculture, many farmers are still landless labourers and unable to get work on regular basis. This cause unemployment.
iv) Slow rate of industrialization- Industrial development has not been as per the requirement and expectations which also cause unemployment.
v.) Faulty educational system- The educational system of our country is unable to make the population suitable for the employment as it has mostly focused on academic requirements and not on technical or vocational requirements needed for employment. As a result, many educated youths are unable to find proper employment.
Many other factors like poverty, lack of proper planning, low capital formation etc are also reasons for unemployment.
5.) Write short notes:
(a) Seasonal unemployment
(b) Demand-pull and cost-push inflation
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Green Economy
(e) Open and suppressed inflation
a.) Seasonal Unemployment-The seasonal unemployment means people are unemployed during certain seasons and are employed for the rest of the year. Example- The people who are engaged in agricultural work do not have work during certain period of the year.
b.) Demand-pull and Cost -push inflation-Inflation can be caused due to many reasons; two main reasons are Demand-pull and Cost-push. Demand-Pull Inflation takes place when the demand of commodities by the consumers increases and there is lack of supply. Cost-Push Inflation is a situation when there is increase in cost of production of items. This happens due to three main reasons i. Rise in wages, ii. Rise in profits and iii. Burden of taxes on the commodities.
c.) Sustainable Development-The deterioration of bio-diversity, climate change etc has led to the beginning of a new concept known as the Sustainable Development in 1987. This concept aims to control the adverse effects of economic developments that take place around the on the environment. It also aims to meet the needs of the population without affecting the environment and compromising the needs of the future generations.
In case you missed: Economics Chapter 1 Full Solution