SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 Indian Freedom Movement and National Awakening in Assam
SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 Indian Freedom Movement and National Awakening in Assam full exercise Solution by Social Science History Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 all Question Answer Solution.
Board |
SEBA / Assam State Board |
Class |
10 |
Medium |
English Medium |
Subject |
Social Science History |
Chapter |
4 |
Chapter Name |
Indian Freedom Movement and National Awakening in Assam |
Topic |
Solution |
Very Short Answer type Questions :
1.) When was the Treaty of Yandaboo signed?
The treaty of Yandaboo was signed on 24th February 1826 between the British and Burmese army.
2.) Which period is known as Company Raj in Assam?
The period from 1826 to 1858 was known as Company Raj in Assam.
3.) When was Bengali Language introduced in Assam?
The Bengali Language was introduced in the year of 1836.
4.) When was Bengali Language replaced by Assamese language?
The Bengali Language was replaced by the Assamese in 1873.
5.) What was the mouthpiece of Assam Chatra Sanmilan?
The mouthpiece of Assam Chatra Sammilan was MILAN.
6.) What was main objective of the Ryot Sabha?
The main objective of the Ryot Sabha was to solve the problems faced by the peasants.
7.) When was All Assam Ryot Sabha established?
The All-Assam Ryot Sabha was formed on 8th April 1933 where its first session was held near Tilikiyam in Jorhat.
8.) Who was the Secretary of Ahom Sabha?
The Secretary of the Ahom Sabha was Padmanath Gohain Baruah who formed the Sabha in 1893.
9.) When and under whose leadership was Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha constituted?
The Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was founded by in 1884 by Jagannath Barua at Jorhat.
10.) Who were the first President and Secretary of Assam Provincial Congress Committee?
The first officially elected President of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee was Bishnuram Medhi.
11.) Who was the first formally elected president of APCC?
The first officially elected President of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee was Bishnuram Medhi.
12.) Who was the first Prime Minister of Assam and when was he elected?
The first Prime Minister (Chief Minister) of Assam was Gopinath Bordoloi. He was elected in 1946 when the election took place after the second World War.
13.) On what crime Kushal Konwar was hanged?
During the Quit India Movement, along-with the whole country, the British Government started to curb all the demonstrations and protests. During this situation Kushal Konwar was hanged as he was connected with derailment of a train at Sarupathar.
14.) When was Gauhati University established?
The University of Gauhati is the oldest and first public university of North -East India. It was established on 26th January 1948.
15.) When the name Assam Medical College was formally introduced?
Assam Medical College situated in Dibrugarh is the first medical college in north-eastern India. On November 3rd 1947, the college was formally renamed to become Assam Medical College.
16.) When was Gauhati Medical College formally started?
The Gauhati Medical College was inaugurated on 20th September 1960.
Short Answer type Questions :
1.) Write a brief note on Assamese Literary Society.
The Assamese Literary Society was established in 1872 under the able leadership of Devicharan Barua and Gangagovinda Phukan. The main objective of the society was literary developments but it also played an important role in the political scenario of Assam. The two most popular members of the society Jagannath Barua and Manik Chandra Barooah submitted a memorandum to the Viceroy, Lord Northbrook appealing take necessary steps for the development of the resources of Assam and linking Assam with Bengal by railway on behalf of the society. The Society remained active till 1885.
2.) Give a brief trace of important nationalist rise in Jonaki Age.
Jonaki was the mouthpiece of the ABUSS played an important role in the literary and cultural development of Assam. The renaissance of culture and literature reached its height in the pages whichwas started byOrundoireached its height in the pages of Jonaki. The main themes of Jonakiwere the decline of traditional commerce and industries of Assam under the British rule and decline of self-dependence of the region. Jonaki never immersedin politics but the authors expressed their nationalistic views in their literary works. Jonaki successfully revived the Assamese culture and society.
3.) Write briefly on the political demands of Ahom Sabha.
The Ahom Sabha was formed in 1893 by Padmanath Gohain and held its first Sabha in Sibsagar in 1893. The Sabha started its campaign against opium and its most important aim was to demand for privilege for the Ahoms in the British administration. It also demanded establishment of their traditional religion, language and social customs and reestablishment of cultural identity of the Ahoms. The Sabha also demanded in 1910 for providing opportunities to the Ahoms, a separate electoral community and reservation of seats in the Assembly.
4.) What were the issues raised by Assam Association before the British Government?
The Assam Association was formed in 1903 by Manik Chandra Baruah and in 1905 the first session of the Association was held in Dibrugarh where Raja Prabhat Chandra Baruah was formally elected as its President. The Association served as the mouthpiece of the people of Assam presenting their grievances, hopes and aspirations. The issues that were raised by the Association were as follows:
i.) It criticised the predominance of the government officials in the Municipal Committee and tea planters in the Local Boards and demanded for the democratisation of the local administrative bodies.
ii.) It opposed the increase of taxes, excise policy of the government and demanded the prohibition of opium.
iii.) It also demanded the development of the education system, negotiated the representation of Assam in the Calcutta University Syndicate, appointment of Assamese teachers in Cotton College and establishment of technical institutions.
5.) Mention about the Assamese leaders who had led the Non-cooperation Movement in Assam.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was an important event in the Indian struggle of for independence. The movement started in 1920 and ended in 1922 and was supported by the Indian National Congress. The Assam Association did not join the movement as many members favoured to remain a separate identity. At the seventeenth session of the Association which was held at Tezpur in December 1920, the Association after lots of debate decided to join the non-cooperation movement. The movement in Assam merged with the national section with the formation of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee in June 1921. Kuladhar Chaliha and Nabin Chandra Bordoloi were elected as President and Secretary of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee. Many youths joined the movement by boycotting the educational institutions, government officials and teachers left their jobs. Leaders like Lakhidar Sarma, Rohinikanta Hatibarua, Bimalakanta Barua, Kanak Chandra Barua, Benudhar Sarma, Tilak Sarma joined the movement. The lawyers like Nabin Chandra Bordoloi, Kuladhar Chaliha,Tarunram Phukan, Kamini Kumar Chanda, Bishnuram Medhi left their practices and joined the movement.
6.) Write about Cunningham Circular.
During the Civil Disobedience Movement in Assam many students started boycotting the educational institutions. On 6th and 14th May 1930 students participated in hartal in a large number. The situation became very sensitive when the Director of Public Instruction R. J. Cunningham issued a circular on May 1930 asking the students and their parents to provide written undertaking to guarantee that the students would not participate in any kind of political activity and guilty would be punished by imposing fines and deprived from scholarships and expulsion. This circular was popularly known as Cunningham Circular. The students reacted to the diktat and the further ignited the Civil Disobedience movement in the region.
7.) Write briefly about the problems faced by the Ministry of Gopinath Bordoloi after independence.
Gopinath Bordoloi was elected as the Prime Minister (Chief Minister) of Assam in 1946. Immediately after independence, the North Eastern region had to face the issues of borderland. The partition hampered the communication between the north -eastern region and rest of the country. A 12 km piece of land joined North -east with other parts of the country. After the partition of the country, all the railway lines and river transportation between West Bengal and Assam was through East Pakistan. The partition also disrupted the economy ties of Assam, Bengal and Arakan regions. The trade of tea, indigo, jute, silk and cotton textiles were disrupted. The region also had to deal with the problems of immigrants, geographical reconstruction problems. The region of North -East became an isolated area.
8.) Write brief history of establishment of Assam Agriculture University.
The Assam Agricultural University originated during 1913 when the agricultural research station was established at Karimganj and Titabar in 1923.The need to have an agricultural and a veterinary college led to the establishment of the Assam Agricultural College at Jorhat and the Assam Veterinary College at Nagaon in 1948. The Assam Agricultural University was established finally including these colleges and relocating the Veterinary College from Nagaon to the present location at Khanpara, Guwahati.
9.) Write brief history of establishment of Assam Medical College.
The first medical college in north -eastern India is Assam Medical College situated at Dibrugarh. The Berry White School of Medicine which was founded in1900 with a Rs. 50,000 donations from Dr. John Berry White, Civil Surgeon of the East India Company was later changed and renamed as Assam Medical College on November 3, 1947. After World War II, the college was relocated to nearby hospital grounds that was used by the US Army.
Long Answer type Questions :
1.) Discuss the role and activities of Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha?
The increasing attacks on the Assamese language in the Bengali press made the Assamese students in Calcutta feel the need to improve the Assamese language and literature. The Assamese Bhasa Unnoti Sadhini Sabha was established in 1888 with this purpose and soon it developed into a literary organisation under the guidance of students like Hemchandra Goswami, Lakshminath Bezbarua, Kanaklal Barua etc. This Sabha also developed a strong sense of national unity and awareness among the Assamese. The Sabha also took steps to initiate a scientific base for the language, developed a standard grammatical system in all the vernacular schools of Assam. The Sabha compiled a comprehensive history of Assam, translate the important Sanskrit works into Assamese. The government undertook the publication of Hemchandra Barua’s masterpiece, ‘Hemkosh’. The Sabha held regular discussions on various subjects like Assam’s history, culture, literature and language. Many branches of the Sabha in Kohima, Tezpur, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Nowgaon, Golaghat, Barpeta etc. The most significant contribution of the Sabha was the publication of the journal ‘JONAKI’ which was a milestone in Assamese literature.
2.) Write about the contribution of Assam Chatra Sanmilan.
The feeling of national awareness and feeling led to the formation of the Assam Chatra Sanmilan. Its first session was held on 25 December 1916 at Guwahati under the Presidentship of Lakshminath Bezbarua and founder Secretary Chandranath Sarma. The main aim of the Sanmilan was to enhance Assamese mother tongue through development and preservation. The Sanmilan exchanged views of all students of schools and colleges among each other. The politics was kept away from their main agenda but the Sanmilan supported the students who participated in national politics. Important personalities from all fields like education, politics and literature like Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray, Padmanath Gohain Baruah, Lakshminath Bezbarua participated in the sessions of the Sammilan. “MILAN”, the mouthpiece of the Sammilan made extraordinary contribution to the growth of Assam’s cultural, literature, educational and national consciousness.
3.) Give an account on the objectives and role of the Ryot Sabhas.
Tezpur Ryot Sabha in Darrang and Nagaon Ryot Sabha in Nowgong were established in the 19th century with the purpose of resolving the problems faced by the peasants. In 1930-34, the Ryot Sabhas changed their face and were re-established under the guidance of Assam Provincial Congress Committee. The Congress Leaders started to motivate and mobilise the peasants through the Ryot Sabhas. The Ryot Sabhas which became very strong during this period were of Naduar and Chayduar. They demanded the reduction of land tax by 50%. The All Ryot Sabha was formed to command and direct all the Ryot Sabhas. The first session took place in Jorhat on 8 April 1933 under the presidentship of Congress leader Nabinchandra Bordoloi in which around 3000 peasants were present. In the period between 1934 and 1939 around 300 Ryot Sabhas were formed which worked for the betterment of peasants. During the end of 1940, the Ryot Sabhas lost its importance and slowly included in the Provincial Congress Committees.
4.) Write about the objectives and activities of Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha.
The Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha was founded in 1884 by Jagannath Barua Jorhat. It was one of the landmark political associations of Assam. The Sabha was formed mainly with the aim to represent the aspirations and grievances of the people and to put pressure on the government for taking reforming steps. The chief aims were:
i.) To represent the aspirations of the people to the government.
ii.) To explain government policies to the people.
iii.) To enhance the conditions of the people.
The Sabha never engaged itself into any direct confrontation with the government but in some case it raised its voice. Some of those issues are as follows: –
i.) It put up protest against the introduction of the ‘Assam Land and Revenue Regulation Act’1886.
ii.) It supported the Ryots in 1892-93 who were protesting against the enhancement of revenue.
iii.) In 1893, it put forward a petition to the Royal Commission on Opium, it demanded abolition of opium in Assam.
iv.) The Sabha also strongly opposed the partition of Bengal in 1905 and put forward their concern for the political future of Assam if the state was annexed with East Bengal.
5.) Write on the contribution of Assam Association towards social reform in British ruled Assam.
The need to make the Government aware of the condition and aspirations of the people of Assam resulted in the formation of Assam Association in Dibrugarh. The Assam Association was formed in 1903 by Manik Chandra Baruah and in 1905 the first session of the Association was held in Dibrugarh where Raja Prabhat Chandra Baruah was formally elected as its President. The Association served as the mouthpiece of the people of Assam presenting their grievances, hopes and aspirations. The issues that were raised by the Association were as follows:
i.) It criticised the predominance of the government officials in the Municipal Committee and tea planters in the Local Boards and demanded for the democratisation of the local administrative bodies.
ii.) It opposed the increase of taxes, excise policy of the government and demanded the prohibition of opium.
iii.) It also demanded the development of the education system, negotiated the representation of Assam in the Calcutta University Syndicate, appointment of Assamese teachers in Cotton College and establishment of technical institutions. It demanded for establishment of university in Assam.
iv.) It also strongly opposed the inclusion of Assam into a single province named as Eastern Bengal and Assam in 1905.It also became an active participant in the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1921.
6.) Give brief description on the creation and the role of Assam Provincial Congress Committee.
The Assam Provincial Congress Committee was formed in 1921 with its headquarter in Guwahati and Kuladhar Chaliha was the first President. It was formed with the feeling of nationalism. When Gandhi visited Assam in 1921 to spread the programme of non -cooperation, it encouraged the Congress workers to carry out the programme and start the principles of Swadeshi. The 41 All India Congress Committee session was hosted by the Assam Provincial Congress Committee. The first officially elected President of the Assam Provincial Congress Committee Bishnuram Medhi was elected in 1930 for a nine-year term. In 1946 general elections, the Congress party gained major victory and Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi became the first Premier of the province of Assam. After the proposal of the Cabinet to integrate Assam into North East into Group C with East Bengal in 1946, the Congress party under the leadership of Bordoloi opposed the proposal vehemently. After Gandhi supported Bordoloi, Assam was not included in the Group C.
7.) Give brief description on the role of Assam in Swadeshi Movement.
The Swadeshi movement that started in the country had its impact on Assam also. The movement spread to different areas mainly in Dhubri, Gauripur, Goalpara, Guwahati, Tezpur, Dibrugarh etc towns of the Brahmaputra Valley. Leaders like Asom Keshari Ambikagiri Raychaudhuri and Gobinda Lahiri formed the revolutionary organisations along with the students. They propagated boycott of foreign goods and use of traditional and indigenous commodities in the districts of Assam. The people started using local Andi, Muga,cotton, khadicloths in place of foreign cloths. Some students from Guwahati worked as labour in dock two times in a week and donated money to the Swadeshi fund. Many writers wrote revolutionary drama and poetry like ‘Bandini Bharat’ by Ambikagiri Raychaudhury. He also started a revolutionary group named Sewa Sangha with revolutionaries like Khudiram Bose, Barindra Ghose, Ullash Kaur Dutta etc of Calcutta. The Swadeshi movement was more popular in the Surma Valley under the Surma Valley Association. National schools were set up at Sylhet, Habibganj, Srimangal, Lakhia, Baniachang, Karimganj, Silchar etc.
8.) Give an account on the role of Assam in Non-cooperation movement.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a huge event in the history of struggle for independence of India. Initially, the Assam Association did not fully participate in the movement under the leadership of leaders like Ganga Gobinda Barua, Tara Parsad Chaliha. The majority supported the idea of joining the mainstream politics. After the seventeenth session of the Assam Association in 1920 the Association joined the non-cooperation movement. When Gandhi visited the state in 1921, the Non-Cooperation Movement in Assam reached its peak.Many youths joined the movement by boycotting the educational institutions, government officials and teachers left their jobs. Leaders like Lakhidar Sarma, Rohinikanta Hatibarua, Bimalakanta Barua, Kanak Chandra Barua, Benudhar Sarma, Tilak Sarma joined the movement. The lawyers like Nabin Chandra Bordoloi, Kuladhar Chaliha, Tarunram Phukan, Kamini Kumar Chanda, Bishnuram Medhi left their practices and joined the movement. The most important impact of the movement was the reduction of the opium consumption. A vigorous campaign took place during the period of 1920-21 against opium consumption. The use and production of Khadi also increased. The laborers of the tea gardens also participated in the movement and voiced against the colonial exploitation. In 1921 there was a huge protest by around 8000 labourers of thirteen tea gardens of Chargol and Longai valley. Thus, the whole of Assam joined the Non-Cooperation Movement.
9.) Give an account on the role of Assam in Civil Disobedience Movement.
In 1928 Gadhi re-entered politics and started the Civil Disobedience movement during 1930 with the objective of paralysing the government infrastructure. In Assam leaders like Hem Chandra Baruah, M. Tayeb Ullah, Bishnuram Medhi etc joined the movement by showing their support through assemblies and meetings. During the Civil Disobedience Movement in Assam many students started boycotting the educational institutions. On 6th and 14th May 1930 students participated in hartal in a large number. The situation became very sensitive when the Director of Public Instruction R. J. Cunningham issued a circular on May 1930 asking the students and their parents to provide written undertaking to guarantee that the students would not participate in any kind of political activity and guilty would be punished by imposing fines and deprived from scholarships and expulsion. This circular was popularly known as Cunningham Circular. The students reacted to the diktat and the further ignited the Civil Disobedience movement in the region. The Assam Chatra Sammilan also organised a special session at Gauhati to discuss their plan of actions, picketed the government institutions, around 3,117 left their institutions between July and August in 1930. Liquor shops and opium shops were also picketed. Peasants got actively engaged in the movement demanding reduction of land revenue by 50 per cent and forest laws were also violated in certain areas. Students protest also increased in many areas.
10.) Write about the Quit India Movement in Assam.
The All-India Congress Committee in Bombay on August 8 ,1942 passed the famous ‘Quit India Movement under the leadership of Gandhi. In Assam also the Congress leaders were arrested and the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee, District Congress Committee and other political bodies were declared illegal. Hartals, gatherings were banned. The people took up protests through the non -violent hartals, processions, demonstrations, and picketing. The leaders in jail became rebellion people started attacking government buildings, destroyed railway tracks and sabotaged military supply lines in places like Nagaon and Darrang. Officers were assaulted. The government reacted mass arrests and public beatings. Kushal Konwar, a reputed leader was hanged in Assam in connection with train derailment. Police firings took place in areas like Barpeta, Fakirgram and Dhekiyajuli etc. Hundreds of people were killed including a 14-year young girl called Kanaklata Barua of Gohpur. In Assam many underground volunteer camps were opened due to atrocities of police and government. Village Panchayats were established at places like Bajali, Hatisung, Raha etc. The government was able to control the rebel after the initial setback and by 1944 the movement was controlled with severe force and the Quit India Movement became a failure in spite of initial success.
11.) Give a brief description about the institutions established in Assam under the leadership of Bordoloi Ministry
The Indian National Congress became the majority party by winning 58 seats out of 108 seats in the election and the Congress formed the government with Gopinath Bordoloi as the Prime Minister of Assam. Under his ministry, the government took up the development programme of the state both in the areas of infrastructure and economy.
The most important developments were as follows:
The Assam Agricultural University originated during 1913 when the agricultural research station was established at Karimganj and Titabar in 1923.The need to have an agricultural and a veterinary college led to the establishment of the Assam Agricultural College at Jorhat and the Assam Veterinary College at Nagaon in 1948. The Assam Agricultural University was established finally including these colleges and relocating the Veterinary College from Nagaon to the present location at Khanpara, Guwahati.
The first medical college in north -eastern India is Assam Medical College situated at Dibrugarh. The Berry White School of Medicine which was founded in1900 with a Rs. 50,000 donations from DrJohn Berry White, Civil Surgeon of the East India Company was later changed and renamed as Assam Medical College on November 3, 1947. After World War II, the college was relocated to nearby hospital grounds that was used by the US Army.
The Gauhati University was established on 26 January 1948.It is one of the oldest and first public university of North East India. It was established under the Gauhati University Act 1947of the government in 1948.It had 17 affiliated colleges and eight Post Graduate Departments on its establishment The university relocated to the present campus in 1955-56 and the area is known as Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar.