NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 28 Solution – Nutrition and Health
NIOS Class 12 Biology Solution Chapter 28 Nutrition and Health . NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 28 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 12 Biology Notes.
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
12th (Higher Secondary) |
Subject |
Biology |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT 28.1
1.) Define nutrition and nutrients
Ans: Nutrition is the sum of the processes by which an organism takes in, metabolises
and utilises food substance for its various biochemical activities.
Nutrients are the organic or inorganic substances which help in our survival and
in maintaining proper health. A nutrient supplies energy to the body, builds and repairs body tissues and regulates the body metabolism.
2.) Name the various nutrients of food.
Ans: Macronutrients (high amounts of nutrients needed): Food contains macronutrients including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and water.
Micronutrients (small amounts of nutrients needed): minerals and vitamins form a very minor portion of the food’s overall weight.
3.) Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients
Ans:
Macronutrients |
Micronutrients |
Nutrients required in a large amount | Nutrients required in a small amount) |
Carbohydrates, fats,
proteins and water contained in food comprise macronutrients. |
Vitamins and minerals
form only a small fraction of the total weight of the food. |
4.) Name the following :
(i) two water soluble vitamins : Water soluble-vitamin B and C
(ii) two sources of roughage : leafy vegetables, fruits,
(iii) two sources of proteins : milk, fish.
5.) If equal amount of sugar and butter are consumed, which one will provide more energy?
Ans: Butter will provide more energy
INTEXT 28.2
1.) Define malnutrition.
Ans: Malnutrition is the term used to describe the condition brought on by a diet lacking in nutrients. Malnutrition affects the health of the children adversely as it results in physical and mental retardation.
2.) What is PEM ? Name two diseases caused due to PEM.
Ans: PEM stands for protein energy malnutrition. Growing children typically experience protein energy malnutrition as a result of a lack of the necessary proteins for their growth and development. Many kids between the ages of 1 and 5 are affected by this illness.
PEM results from two factors:
(A) An inadequate intake of proteins, carbs, or both.
(b) Consuming more carbs than proteins.
3.) A person has low haemoglobin content, tires easily and looks pale. Name the disease he is suffering from. …
Ans: Anaemia
4.) Give two food items which can prevent vitamin D deficiency.
Ans: milk, cod liver oil, egg yolk
INTEXT 28.3
1.) List any two causes of obesity.
(i) Overeating
(ii) Insufficient exercise
2.) Suggest two methods to prevent obesity Health
Ans: Avoid fried food, carbohydrates, take regular exercise
3.) Mention two symptoms of excessive intake of Iron.
Ans: Constipation, Diarrhoea
4.) Define hypervitaminosis. Name two vitamins which when taken regularly in diet cause hypervitaminosis.
Ans: The disease caused by presence of vitamins in excessive quantities in the body is called hypervitaminosis. vitamin A and D. taken regularly in diet cause hypervitaminosis.
TERMINAL EXERCISE
1.) Differentiate between
(i) Marasmus and Kwashiorkor.
Marasmus | Kwashiorkor.
|
It is caused due to the deficiency of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. | This disease develops when mothers stop feeding their babies with breast milk |
Cause sunken eyes, thin face, thinning of limbs and abdominal walls. | the skin is dark and scaly in child. |
(ii) Rickets and Osteomalacia
Rickets | Osteomalacia |
Rickets in cause in children | Osteomalacia cause in adults. |
The bones become soft, get deformed or bend easily, | There is pain in bones which tend to fracture easily. |
(iii) Essential and non-essential amino acids
Essential | non-essential |
These are the amino acids which can not be synthesized in the animal body | These can be synthesised in the body particularly from carbohydrates |
They must be supplied with food | They need not be supplied in the diet |
Eg. leucine. | Eg.Analine |
(iv) Body-building and protective foods.
Body-building | protective foods. |
These are rich in proteins | These are rich in minerals, vitamins, roughage
and water. |
These help in the formation of new tissues | They help in regulaiton of internal metabolism in the body |
Example : legumes, milk, egg, meat | Example : green leafy vegetables, fruits |
(v) Water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins.
Water soluble vitamins | fat soluble vitamins.
|
Vitamin which are soluble in water. | Vitamin which are soluble in fats. |
Water soluble vitamins are vitamins B complex and C | Fat soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E and K |
2.) Give reasons why do children of 1-5 years develop PEM.
Ans: A number of children in the age group of 1-5 years suffer from this disease.
PEM is due to two reasons :
(a) Lack of proteins or carbohydrates or both in the diet.
(b) More intake of carbohydrates than proteins
3.) W)hy one should include more than one type of proteins in the meals?
Ans: Protein have many functions in our body. They are the basic of the human cell, for maintaining the functions of the bidy more than one protein is necessary
4.) What is the importance of water in the diet ?
Ans:. Our diets should include plenty of water. An infant’s body is made up of 75% water, whereas an adult’s body is 60% water. The following are some of the many uses for water.
necessary for the movement and digestion of dietary substances. excretes waste, regulates body temperature, and serves as a solvent in a variety of bodily functions.
5.) What is a balanced diet ? Why does a pregnant women or a nursing mother needs special diet ?
Ans: A balanced diet is one that provides the body with the necessary energy and maintains its health by including all important nutrients in the right proportions and amounts. A pregnant women has to feed the developing embryo, therefore, she has special need for extra nutrients.
6.) Why should food contain roughage ? Name two sources of roughage in our diet.
Ans; Fibre, or roughage, is a component of several foods such fruits and vegetables. Despite not being a food, roughage is a crucial component of our nutrition. Cellulose makes up the majority of roughage.
It include fruits, beans and green leafy vegetables.
7.) Why is polishing of rice not advisable ? If a person always consumes polished rice, what is he likely to suffer from ? Give two sysmptoms.
Ans: Polishing of rise leads to loss of minerals and nutrients
8.) State four important functions of food.
Ans: (i) yields enegy for life processes,
(ii) builds up new cells during growth,
(iii) repairs worn out (damaged) tissues,
(iv) aids in production of useful body compounds
9.) If a child is not able to see in dim light, which two food stuffs will you advise him to eat. Give reasons.
Ans: Milk , cheese , butter should be consumed in the case of night blindness .Because it maintain the vision and essential in maintaining vision pigment.
10.) Name two sources rich in
(i) Vitamin A : Milk, cheese,
(ii) Calcium: beans; green leafy vegetables
(iii) iron : groundnuts; cereals
(iv) Vitamin B12 : egg , meat.
(v) starch : Cereals (wheat, rice, maize), millets (bajra, jowar, barley)
(vi) Glucose : beet root, fruits
11.) What are minerals ? Name any two minerals and their sources.
Ans: Minerals are micronutrients that our bodies need in varied amounts for appropriate operation, normal growth, and maintenance of good health. They are inorganic elements that are found as salts, such as calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, and others. Although they do not provide our bodies with energy, they are vital for illness prevention and also play a part in how the body works.
Calcium: beans; green leafy vegetables
Iron : groundnuts; cereals
12.) What are deficiency diseases ? Name two diseases caused by the deficiency of protein and carbohydrates. Also write the symptoms of these deficiency diseases
Ans: Deficiency diseases are conditions that develop when one or more nutrients (such as proteins, carbs, vitamins, and minerals) are missing from our diet.
Diseases that are caused by protein and carbohydrate are Protein energy malnutrition which includes Kwashiorkor. Symptoms are wasting of muscles reduces the child to skin and bones and loss of appetite ,hair becomes reddish etc.
Also See: Next Chapter Question Answer Solution