NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 29 Solution – Some Common Human Diseases
NIOS Class 12 Biology Solution Chapter 29 Some Common Human Diseases . NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 29 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 12 Biology Notes.
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
12th (Higher Secondary) |
Subject |
Biology |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT 29.1
1.) Define the term disease. .
Ans: A disease is any dysfunctional process that prevents the body from operating normally. In other words, a problem in a person’s physical, physiological, psychological, or social status brought on by dietary factors may be referred to be a sickness. a disease, physiological or genetic problem, a deficit, or any other cause.
2.) Give appropriate terms for (i) the kind of disease which is present from birth.: congenital
(ii) disease caused by malfunctioning of vital organs.: degenerative
3.) Name any two communicable and any two non-communicable diseases in humans
Ans: Degenerative diseases, Deficiency diseases.
4.) What does infestation mean?
Ans: It is Presence of a large number of parasitic organisms on the surface of body of the host or on the clothings
INTEXT 29.2
1.) How does chicken pox spread? .
Ans: It spreads through contact or through scabs
2.) Mention the most obvious symptom of measles.
Ans: Symptoms are (i) Common cold
(ii) Appearance of small white patches in mouth and throat.
(iii) Appearance of rashes on the body.
3.) Which organ system of the body is affected by the polio virus?
Ans: Nervous system gets affected by the polio virus
4.) Name the causative organism of hydrophobia.
Ans: Rabies virus is the causative organism of hydrophobia
5.) Which mosquito spreads dengue?
Ans: Dengue is an acute fever caused by virus. It is of two types: (i) Dengue fever, (ii)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever. It is spread by Aedes aegypti
INTEXT 29.3
1.) Name the causative bacterium of (i) TB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(ii) Typhoid : Salmonella typhi
(iii) Cholera. : Vibrio cholerae
2.) State the most obvious symptom of diphtheria.
Ans: Symptoms are (i) A mild temperature, a sore throat, and general malaise.
(ii) The throat oozing a semisolid substance that hardens into a membrane.
The membrane may result in air passages becoming blocked or clogged, leading to death.
3.) What is the mode of transmission of leprosy.
Ans: Leprosy is caused by sustained association with the diseased person. The most infectious substance for family contacts is nasal secretions.
INTEXT 29.4
1.) Which mosquito carries stages of life history of the malarial parasite?
Ans:Malaria is caused by Female Anopheles
2.) Which protozoan causes amoebic dysentery?
Ans: Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery
3.) Name the disease cause by Wuchrareria bancrofti
Ans: Elephantiasis or Filariasis is caudes by Wuchrareria bancrofti
INTEXT 29.5
1.) Why is diabetes called a hereditary disease?
Ans: Diabetes is called a hereditary disease because It is transmitted from parents to children.
2) What happens to the blood pressure in persons with hypertension?
Ans: In the person having hypertention , the blood pressure always remain high.
3.) State one point of difference between malignant and benign tumour
Ans: In Malignant tumour growth is quick and it spreads to other body parts. The patient could die as a result of this terrible situation and in benign it remains confined to the place of origin and does not spread to other body parts.
It is relatively harmless.
INTEXT 29.6
1.) How is HIV transmitted? Mention any three ways of infection
Ans: (i) Having sex with the affected individual. In India, unprotected heterosexual sex is the most typical method of HIV transmission.
(ii) Making use of the same syringe that was used on the patient.
(iii)Transfusions of blood contaminated with the human immunodeficiency virus
2.) Mention any two methods to prevent AIDS. ..
Ans: There is currently no proven treatment or vaccination for HIV infection. Therefore, the following precautions must be taken:
(i) Sexual contact with someone who has a STI or HIV infection is prohibited. Since STI weakens the mucous layer and vaginal region, they make it easier for HIV to enter the body.
(ii)Use a needle and syringe that are disposable.
(iii) Blood that is to be transfused to a patient in need must be HIV-free.
3.) Write full form of HIV.
Ans: Human immunodeficiency virus
4.) Give any two symptoms of AIDS.
Ans: One or more of the following symptoms could be displayed by the patient:
(i) Tuberculosis, a form of lung illness, develops.
(ii) It’s possible to spot a skin cancer.
(iii)Nerves are impacted.
5.) Mention three general points the knowledge of which may control STD.
Ans: (i) Partner-notification. (ii) Education of STD. (iii) Screening for STD.
INTEXT 29.7
1.) Name the pathogen that causes syphilis.
Ans: Treponema pallidum cause syphilis.
2.) Mention any two symptoms of the disease gonorrhoea.
Ans: Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease that often involves urethra, vagina or penis, cervix, anus, and throat, as its target sites
Symptoms
(i) Inflammation of mucous membrane in the urinogenital tract.
(ii) Burning sensation while passing out urine and urethral discharge.
(iii) Rectal discomfort
3.) Give the main method of checking syphilis.
Ans(I) Prostitution and homosexuality should be avoided. (ii) Certain medicines may check the diseases.
TERMINAL EXERCISE
1.) What is a disease? How does it differ from disorder?
Ans: Any malfunctioning process which interferes with the normal functioning of the body is called a disease. It differs from disorder is the disturbance of normal functions of the body.
2.) Name the two categories of acquired diseases.
Ans: Acquired disease is the illness that can develop after birth and throughout a person’s lifespan.Categories are (i) Infectious diseases (ii) Degenerative diseases.
3.) Explain the term
(i) parasitism : An organism known as a parasite depends on its host for food and shelter.
(ii) reservoir : a living thing that harbours a lot of pathogens yet doesn’t become sick from them
4.) Give two symptoms of coronary diseases and of typhoid.
Coronary: (i) Persistent high blood pressure (BP)
(ii) It may damage the arteries of kidney.
Typhoid: (i) Continuous fever, headache, slow pulse rate.
(ii) Reddish rashes appear on the belly.
5.) What precautions should be taken to prevent malaria?
Ans: (i) Installing double doors and windows (with “Jali” or wire mesh) in the home to keep mosquitoes out.
Use of a mosquito net and insect repellents .
(iii) To stop mosquito breeding, no water should be permitted to accumulate in ditches or other open areas.
(iv) Drenching ditches or other open areas where water collects in kerosene oil.
6.) Name the pathogen that causes diphtheria and the one, that causes cholera.
Ans: Diphtheria : Caused by Rod-shaped bacterium
Cholera : Vibrio cholera.
7.) Mention the four types of acquired diseases.
Ans: (i) Infectious diseases
(ii) Degenerative diseases
(iii) Deficiency diseases
(iv) Cancer
8.) Differentiate between :
(i) Communicable and non-communicable diseases
(ii) Pathogen and vector
(iii) Syphilis and gonorrhoea
(iv) HIV and AIDS
(v) Benign and malignant tumours
9.) How does polio virus enter human body? How does it paralyse limbs?
Ans: Virus enters inside the body through food or water. The virus multiplies in intestinal cells and then reaches the brain through blood. It damages brain and nerves and causes infantile paralysis.
10.) A nursing mother is given an immunization for BCG and DPT to the baby. What are the diseases against which she would be protected?
Ans:
11.) Give the cause, symptoms and treatment of haemorrhagic dengue fever.
Ans: Hemorrhagic dengue fever is an acute viral infection. This dengue fever stage is progressed. Fever and other initial symptoms, including headache, eye pain, joint pain, and muscle pain, are followed by bleeding symptoms, including red, small spots on the skin and bleeding from the nose and mouth.
12.) Give full form of STD.
Ans: Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
13.) Mention any two sympotms of syphilis.
Ans: (i) Skin sores in the mouth, throat, rectum, anus, and vagina, as well as fever and lesions on the skin. Firm, rounded sores are frequently painless.
(ii) Rash on the palms, soles, and hands.
14.) State the means by which we may prevent and cure gonorrhoea.
Ans: (i) Engaging in sexual activity with a single person.
(ii) Steering clear of homosexuality and prostitution.
(iii) Using proper medications at the right time or taking antibiotics, such as penicillin injection, as recommended by the doctor, at the proper time.
15.) What does the term AIDS stand for?
Ans: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
16.) Write four possible symptoms of AIDS.
Ans: (i) Tuberculosis, a form of lung illness, develops.
(ii) It’s possible to spot a skin cancer.
(iii)Nerves are impacted (iii).(iv) The brain has suffered severe damage, resulting in the loss of thinking, speaking, and memory.
17.) Mention three general points which may control sexually transmitted diseases
Ans: Three things could be crucial for controlling STDs.
Partners are notified (i) Identification, evaluation, and treatment of potential contaminated contacts.
(ii) STD education: This ought to be covered in general education.
(iii) Serological testing for STDs in populations including blood donors and expectant mothers.
Also See: Biotechnology Chapter Solution