Chhattisgarh State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 14 Democracy In Independent India and the Working of Political Institution Exercise Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blanks, Questions and Answers here.
Chhattisgarh State Class 10 Social Science Chapter 14 Solution
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
1.) 1952
2.) Indian National Congress
3.) 1956
4.) Hindu Code Bill, Dr BR Ambedkar
5.) Potti Sriramulu
6.) Hindi
7.) Green
8.) Abolition of privy purse
9.) 1975, 1977
10.) Operation Blue star
Choose the right option.
1.) 1
2.) 2
3.) 4
4.) 4
5.) 4
6.) 4
7.) 2
8.) 2
9.) 2
10.) 1
Write answers to the following.
1.) Dr Ambedkar resigned from the cabinet because he was upset by the decision of implementing the Hindu code Bill after the general elections of 1952. This bill aimed to ensure women’s rights in Hindy society, eradicate casteism and simplify the laws governing the Hindu undivided families and property.
2.) The Hindu code bill tried to ensure women’s rights in Hindy society, eradicate casteism and simplify the laws governing the Hindu undivided families and property. It had provisions like if the head of the family dies without leaving a will, then his wife and daughters will get an equal share of the property, marrying for a second time when the husband or wife is living is illegal, men and women have equal rights to file a divorce, inter-caste marriages were permitted and legal adoption of child of any caste was made possible.
3.) Dr BR Ambedkar and Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru argued that other religions should also reform their religions or should a unified uniform civil code for the country. But it was feared that it would alienate Indian Muslims who were already worried because of their religious freedom in the aftermath of partition.
4.) British India was divided into administrative provinces based on their regional languages, whereas during the freedom movement one of the major demands was that states should be reorganised based on the dominant regional languages. But ensuring the political unity of India was also important. In 1952 Potti Sriramulu undertook fast unto death while demanding for a separate linguistic state of Andhra Pradesh. He died after 58 days of hunger strike which led to large scale protests and violence. This type of demands was rising from other regions of the country also, so language became an important criterion in formation of states.
5.) Formation of states based on language fostered national unity because it developed mutual respect and unity as the people speaking same language were found in a same place. It also led to the development of distinct culture and language in different parts of the country.
6.) Planned development started in India in 1951 and it played a major role in the development of the country. It created a base for industrial development in India while providing employment and reducing poverty. It also increased the government’s control by not only promoting democracy but also decentralised governance. It also took up socio-economic challenges of the country and led initiatives which had greater influence on the country’s political and government system.
7.) The first five-year plan was from 1951 to 1956 and it focused on agricultural development of the country with the construction of large dams and irrigation facilities, canals etc in rural areas. Whereas second five-year plan started from 1956 and lasted till 1961. In this the focus shifted to industrialisation, and development of heavy industries like iron and steel, machinery manufacturing, mining, electricity, railways, transportation etc.
8.) Pt Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He played an important role in the freedom struggle and the development of the country afterwards. Like-
- Constitution formation- He passed the objective resolution which later became the preamble of India.
- Planning Commission- He was highly influenced by the Russian way of planned development and introduced five-year planning in India. By this he paved way for the directional development of the India mixed economy.
- State reorganisation- He acceded to the demands of separate linguistic states in the country and appointed a separate commission called The State Reorganisation Commission to suggest for the same.
- Foreign policy- He adopted the Non-Alignment Movement Policy to protect the sovereignty of the nation from drawing into the cold war of two power blocs. In a way it paved a way for an independent foreign policy of the nation.
9.) After the end of second world war many colonies got independence. But the whole world was divided into two power blocs i.e., Soviet Union and the USA because of ideological differences. To save the political sovereignty of the country from any outside influence Pt Jawaharlal Nehru initiated Non-Aligned Movement. He also signed a Panchsheel agreement with China in 1954 with China for establishing reciprocal relationship. It has following 5 principles-
- Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
- Mutual non-aggression.
- Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
- Equality and cooperation for mutual benefit.
- Peaceful co-existence.
10.) Similarities between Punjab and Assam movement are-
- Citizens of the both the states were demanding for political autonomy.
- They resorted to blockades and violence for pressing their demands.
- Residents of both the states find themselves in a state of deprivation and were feeling that their rights are being exploited.
Dis-similarities between Punjab and Assam movements are-
- Punjab was not facing the issue of illegal migrants while it was a major issue in Assam. People of Assam were facing difficulties in employment because of heavy influx of migrants.
- The Assam movement was headed by religious leaders which led to a religious form of movement. While Assam movement was headed by All Assam Students Union (AASU) and religion had a limited role to play in this movement.
11.) India is a multi-lingual state and the constituent assembly decided that no language would be given the status of a national language, though Hindi would be considered the official language of the Indian Union. But Hindi was not spoken in large parts of country. So, it was decided to use English for the official purposes for a period of 15 years. At the end of this period, when Hindi was about to be declared the sole official language, protests broke out in various parts of country. Strongly in Tamil Nadu. The central government eventually passed the Official Language (Amendment) Bill 1967 to try to satisfy the agitators by guaranteeing the virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism. New provision also allowed states to have their own state official language.
12.) During the presidential elections in 1969 Indira Gandhi sought to establish her credentials as an independent leader by opposing the official congress party nominee Neelam Sanjeev Reddy in the elections. Because of this episode VV Giri became the President of India. After this congress party reached a point where it split into two, one faction under the leadership of Indira Gandhi and other led by K Kamraj.
13.) The Indira Gandhi government declared an emergency for 21 months from 1975 to 1977. It was declared because of the internal strife because the government made populist promises during the 1971 elections but did no serious efforts to fulfil those promises. This led to sharp upsurge in protests and anti-corruption movements. And because of Arab-Israel war prices of the commodities rose rapidly, which was also the reason. This led to declaration of emergency which posed a great threat to Indian democracy. Thousands of opposition leaders were imprisoned, press censorship was imposed which prohibited newspapers from publishing anything against the government. Several constitutional amendments were passed which abrogated the rights of people to form organisations or to the oppose the government policies.
14.) Rajeev Gandhi realised that the benefits of government policies was not reaching the poor people. So, he thought that decentralising the powers would solve the problems. It would allow common people to participate in the policy making and implementation. The constitution was amended in 1986 to allow decentralisation of power through the Panchayati raj Act. It gave power to the panchayats to plan and implement schemes for village development. It also gave opportunity to poor, and women to participate in the government at the local level. It was also made mandatory for all the states to enact their own Panchayati raj Act.
Extra Additional questions with Answers
Mcq
1.) 27% reservation for the Other Backward Classes under which government?
a.) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
b.) Indira Gandhi
c.) Vishwanath Pratap Singh
d.) Rajeev Gandhi
Answer: C
2.) Assam faced major conflicts because of influx of migrants from
a.) Bangladesh
b.) Myanmar
c.) Nepal
d.) Bhutan
Answer: A
3.) Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal accord was introduced to
a.) Bring peace in Assam.
b.) Bring peace in Punjab.
c.) Bring peace in Haryana.
d.) Bring peace in West Bengal.
Answer: B
4.) The National Emergency was implemented in India for how many months.
a.) 20
b.) 21
c.) 22
d.) 25
Answer: B
5.) Arab Israeli war started in which year.
a.) 1970
b.) 1971
c.) 1972
d.) 1973
Answer: D
6.) Official language amendment act was passed in the year-
a.) 1965
b.) 1967
c.) 1971
d.) 1962
Answer: B
7.) Strong anti-Hindi protest took place in Tamil Nadu under the leadership of which party-
a.) AIDMK
b.) DMK
c.) CPI
d.) CPI-M
Answer: B
8.) In the original constitution English was mentioned to be used for official purposes for how many years?
a.) 10 years
b.) 20 years
c.) 15 years
d.) 30 years
Answer: C
9.)) A demand for separate Telangana state emerged from the students of-
a.) Osmania university
b.) Vellore university
c.) Anna university
d.) Manipal university
Answer: A
10.) Who was the member of Non-Aligned Movement initiated by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru
a.) Yugoslavia
b.) Indonesia
c.) Egypt
d.) All of the above
Answer: D
Very short
1.) What were the different name of land-owning community?
Zamindar, Malguzar, Gauntiya, jagirdar etc.
2.) First general election was conducted in which year?
1952
3.) Abolition of zamindari was completed by which year in India?
1956
4) What was the aim of Hindu code bill?
It aimed to eradicate poverty, improve situation of women, simplify laws governing Hindu undivided society etc.
5.) Who opposed the provisions of Hindu Code Bill?
Traditional parties like Hindu Mahasabha, Jana Sangha and leaders like Dr Rajendra Prasad opposed the Hindu Code Bill.
6.) What was the purpose of Dhar Commission?
It was formed to suggest the basis of reorganisation of states.
7.) Which was the first linguistic state formed in India after independence?
Andhra Pradesh
8.) What was the focus of second five-year plan?
Industrialisation and development of heavy industry.
9.) Mention the names of some leaders who supported India’s Non-aligned Movement.
Marshal Tito, Dr Sukarno, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Pt Jawaharlal Nehru etc.
10.) What was the time period in which Pt Jawaharlal Nehru served as the Prime Minister of India?
1947-63
Short
1.) What was the main objective behind the abolition of zamindari?
Zamindari was abolished in 1949 and it was completed by 1956. Its main objective was to redistribute land to the land tillers and to eliminate forced labor and redistribute land to the land among landless labors.
2.) Which section of society opposed Hindu code bill and what was the major reason behind it?
Hindu code bill was opposed by the conservative Hindu section of the society. They believed that it violated the tenets of Hinduism and will lead to a breakdown of Hindu society.
3.) During the freedom movement the reorganization of states was visualized in which manner?
In 1917, it was announced that Indian states would be reorganized on the linguistic basis by the Congress party, and it had already set up its regional units on linguistic basis. But after the independence the main concern was the unity and integrity of India because of which this idea was dropped.
4.) How was planned development started in India and what were its main benefits?
Planned development started in India with the establishment of Planning Commission. It proposed the five-year plans for economic development of the country. It helped to create the base for industrial development of the country and lower unemployment and poverty.
5.) Why was the objective of Non-Aligned Movement?
The Non-Aligned Movement was started to save the newly independent nations from indulging into cold war for global peace and existence. Indian also wanted to establish its identity among newly independent nations.
6.) What was the recommendation of SK Dhar committee regarding reorganization of states on linguistic basis?
The constituent assembly appointed SK Dhar committee in 1948 to analyze the issue of linguistic states. The commission recommended that the issue of linguistic states should be postponed because setting up regional administrative units on a linguistic basis would aggravate divisive tendencies, which would be a danger to national unity.
7.) What were the conflicts between India and China?
India and China witnessed stiff foreign relations and many conflicts were present like border issues, conflict over the status of Tibet etc. In 1962 the first Indo-China war broke out.
8) Why was Andhra Pradesh bifurcated and a separate Telangana State was carved out?
A demand for separate Telangana state was initiated by the students at Osmania University. They were of the view that only a few regions in the state were benefiting from economic development, which was unfair for other regions of the state. Because of this they demanded a separate state.
9.) What were the provisions of the original constitution regarding the national language of the nation?
The constituent assembly opined that there will be no national language of India. It decided that Hindi would be considered as the official language of the union and English would be used for all official purposes for a period of 15 years.
10.) What was the virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism?
Because of strong anti-Hindi protests in the southern states the central government in 1967 passed the Official language Amendment Act to satisfy the agitators by guaranteeing the virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism. It allowed state government to choose their official state language and regional languages can also be used.
Long
1.) Why India tilted towards Soviet Union despite following non-alignment policy?
In India’s foreign policy a tilt towards Soviet Union was observed but without joining Soviet military bloc because India required political support for industrialization and planned development as well as technological advancements to boost its economic growth. Moreover, Pakistan aligned with United States of America for funding its economic growth because of which for maintaining a balance of power in the region, India aligned with the Soviet Russia.
2.) What social and political changes were witnessed during the Prime Mininster Indira Gandhi?
Prime minister Indira Gandhi introduced some pro poor policies and pushed for the agricultural revolution in the country. She abolished privy purse i.e., the grants given by the government after independence to the kings whose territories were merged with India. She also nationalized several banks and introduced the policy of loans and subsidies to fund the agricultural revolution in India. She insured the availability of improved seed varieties, fertilizers and pesticides which translated into the green revolution in India.
3.) Why was congress party split into two after the independence of India?
During the Indira Gandhi government a split in the congress party was witnessed. On one side there were young leaders known as Young Turks, who leaned towards the communist parties and wanted to take more radical steps towards the development of poor sections of society. Whereas another faction was known as Syndicate which was an older and more traditional faction. It advocated for a more conservative path for the development of the poor.
4.) What was the main reason behind the Indo-Pak war of 1971?
At the time of independence, East Bengal was included in Pakistan because majority of the residential population was Muslim. But tensions grew between the Pakistan and East Pakistan in 1970 because the people of East Pakistan were feeling alienated and exploited. The military government imposed military rule over east Pakistan instead of appointing the leaders of election. This led to civil war which led to large influx of refugees into India. Tension grew because of the refugee problem, which led to the outbreak of a war between the two countries.
5.) Why was emergency imposed in 1975?
In India emergency was imposed for 21 months between 1975 and 1977. There were many factors which were responsible for imposition of emergency in India. Like the growing corruption, concentration of power in the government, sudden increase in petroleum prices because of Arab Israeli war of 1973, civil strife etc. The other major reason was the failure of the government to fulfill the populist promises which were made during the 1971 Lok Sabha elections. It led to mass dissatisfaction among people and a sharp upsurge in worker’s strikes and anti-corruption movements were witnessed. There was also a political upheaval in the country because of the nationwide agitation led by Jay Prakash Narayan, asking for resignation of an undemocratic government led by Indira Gandhi. All this led to the imposition of emergency in 1975.
Other Chapters Question Answer:
Chapter 10 |
End of Colonialism and the Cold War |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 |
The Making of the Indian Constitution |
Chapter 13 |
The Constitution, Government System and their Social Concerns |