Chhattisgarh State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 The making of Indian Constitution Exercise Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blanks, Questions and Answers here.
Chhattisgarh State Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Solution
(1) What are the main themes that have been included in the constitution?
Answer :
The constitution defines a nation’s basic values and ideals. The main goal of the constitution in India is to ensure equality, justice, and liberty to all the citizens and promote fraternity among them. To achieve this goal people adopted a democratic theme to constitute a state which is socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
(2) Why is it important for the constitution to specify who has the right to make laws for the country and the process to make these laws?
Answer :
It is necessary for the constitution to specify who has the right to make laws for the country and the process to make these laws because it decides who should be given the right to take decisions in our society, how the government would be formed and what should be the nature of government. It also defines the boundaries of the government in which it can frame and implement laws. In a way it protects the fundamental rights of the people from the arbitrary powers of the government.
(3) What are the similarities and differences between the constitution drafting process in India and Nepal?
Answer :
Similarities between the constitution drafting process in India and Nepal are-
- Both countries aimed at establishing democracy.
- It was made by the native citizens of the country in both cases.
- Members of political parties were present in the Constituent Assembly.
- Both countries tried to protect the rights of minority communities, protect all kinds of diversity, promote harmony and tolerance, eliminate discrimination and oppression, and establish decentralized self-rule.
Dissimilarities between the constitution drafting process in India and Nepal are-
- India got freedom from the colonial rule and Nepal got freedom from the authoritarian rule of the feudal monarchy.
- In India a separate body called constituent assembly was created for the purpose of framing a constitution which had members from all the regions and political parties. While, in Nepal constitution was created by consultations and discussion between different political parties, regional groups and communities.
- The constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950, while the constitution of Nepal was finalized in 2015.
(4) To what extent do you think the way in which the constituent assembly was convened was democratic?
Answer :
The constituent assembly was created as per the Cabinet Mission plan. It suggested that the provincial assemblies created under the Government of India Act 1935, should act as the electoral college to choose the constituent assembly for framing the constitution. Thus, it proposed indirect elections to the constituent assembly. The provincial assemblies elected 292 representatives from 11 provinces which had one representative to the constituent assembly per 10 lakh population. Princely states nominated their members. Although it had the provision of indirect elections, it was a democratic institution because of the religious diversity in it. Whereas the Government of India Act 1935 gave voting rights to only 10 percent of the country’s population, and it also reserved some seats on a religious basis like Muslim, Sikh, and Christians. Literacy rate during that time was only 27% of males and 9% in females so in a way it was more democratic way for forming the constitution of India.
(5) What steps did the constituent assembly take to strengthen people’s participation?
Answer :
Constituent Assembly took following steps to ensure people’s participation in it-
- Varioussub-committees of the constituent assembly sent questionnaires to all the members of the provincial assemblies, legislative bodies, and federal legislative bodies for inviting their opinion on the main features of the constitution.
- The committee on minorities and fundamental rights sub-committees published their questionnaires in the newspapers to initiate an open and transparent discussions at public forum.
- Every article of the proposed constitution was widely debated and discussed.
- Constitutional experts from other countries were invited to express their views upon the constitution.
- The draft constitution was published to invite comments, suggestions, and criticism, with a special committee looking into the feedback to finalize the report.
- Draft constitution was published in regional languages also and the debates of the constituent assembly were widely disseminated through newspapers and magazines and discussed in public forums.
- People were also allowed to present a memorandum to the assembly.
(6) What is the importance of the preamble to the constitution in our lives?
Answer :
Preamble of the constitution reflects the dreams and objectives of the freedom movement, the goals that the people of the country are striving to achieve, where they want to go and what kind of nation and state they hope to establish. It encapsulates the ideals of our freedom struggle, the Indian renaissance, swadeshi movement etc. It is an important document as it declares the people of India as the ultimate sovereign. It clarifies that people of India established democracy with the constitution for themselves and the creator of the constitution are people, hence the constitution represents the will of the people.
(7) Which of the basic principles listed in the constitution do you feel is the most important? Explain with reasons.
Answer :
The constitution of India defines its basic values and ideals like-
- It ensures equality, justice, and liberty to all the citizens of India, and to promote fraternity among them.
- It declares its fundamental principles as- Socialist, secular, democratic republic.
- In grants fundamental right to its citizens and people living in India.
- It grants legislative power to the Parliament and state assemblies and provides division of power to avoid excessive jurisdictions.
- It protects the rights of minority communities and provides avenues of development to every section of society.
Fundamental rights are the most important part of the Indian constitution as it protects the basic rights of the residents of the country. It protects the residents from the arbitrary powers of the state. It also grants religious rights to the citizens of the country and gives them freedom to follow any religion.
Additional questions and Answers
Mcq
1.) The constitution helps in
a.) Defining the role of various organs of the government.
b.) Defining boundaries in which the laws can be formulated.
c.) Defining the rights of the people.
d.) All of the above.
Answer: D
2.) What are the goals mentioned in the preamble of the constitution of India?
a.) Equality
b.) Justice
c.) Liberty
d.) All of the above
Answer: D
3.) Nepal adopted a new constitution in
a.) 2010
b.) 2013
c.) 2015
d.) 2016
Answer: C
4.) Regulating Act was passed in the year
a.) 1772
b.) 1775
c.) 1780
d.) 1793
Answer: A
5.) In 1928, a draft constitution was formulated under the chairmanship of
a.) Jawaharlal Nehru
b.) Motilal Nehru
c.) Mahatma Gandhi
d.) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: B
6.) Which one of the following is not a provision of draft constitution published in 1928?
a.) Protection of minorities
b.) Linguistic states
c.) An independent nation
d.) Citizen’s rights
Answer: C
7.) The Cabinet mission was under the chairmanship of
a.) Lord Wellesley
b.) Lord Dalhousie
c.) Lord Linlithgow
d.) Lord Pethick Lawrence
Answer: D
8.) Who was the permanent chairman of the Constituent assembly?
a.) Pt Jawaharlal Nehru
b.) Dr Rajendra Prasad
c.) Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel
d.) Sachidananda Sinha
Answer: B
9.) Who was the chairman of drafting committee?
a.) Pt Jawaharlal Nehru
b.) Dr B R Ambedkar
c.) Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel
d.) Sachidananda Sinha
Answer: B
10.) Which one of the following principles was not a part of the Preamble at the time of enforcement.
a.) Sovereign
b.) Socialist
c.) Secular
d.) All of the above
Answer: B
Very short
1.) What is a constitution?
Constitution is a set of basic rules and procedures to create a state and the government system to run a state.
2.) What is state?
State is a defined geographical area which has a population, government, and sovereignty to take their decisions.
3.) By which act autonomy was granted to the provincial governments?
Government of India Act 1935
4.) Which form of government was proposed under the draft constitution of 1928?
The draft constitution of 1928 proposed setting up of autonomous government with a dominion status under the British rule.
5.) Under which act powers were divided between the provincial and federal government?
Government of India Act 1935
6.) Quit India Movement was started in which year?
1942
7.) Why was cabinet mission plan introduced in India?
Cabinet Mission plan was introduced to set up process that would be followed to adopt a constitution.
8.) The constituent assembly had how many members?
389 members
9.) What is socialism?
Removal of economic inequalities between the citizens and to use all the resources for the public good not for individual interests is known as socialism.
10.) What is secularism?
The policy of not favouring any religion and to treat all religions equally is known as secularism.
Short
1.) What are the two dimensions of equality of status and opportunity?
Firstly, it states that everyone should be given equal status before the law, whether the kings or beggars, elite or outcaste, female, or male. Secondly, discrimination in any form in public life based on gender, caste, religion, language etc. is banned. All the public facilities are available to everyone.
2.) What is a Republic?
Republic is a political setup in which the head of the government is elected and is not reserved for any hereditary position. For example, the President of India is elected, while in Britain, it still haves a de jure monarch where king and queen holds a special position.
3.) What is a democracy?
Democracy is the form of government in which the representatives of the people are elected by the public itself and they work on behalf of them.
4.) What is secularism?
Secularism is a principle in which all the religions and sects are treated equally and there is no discrimination based on religion. In this system state gives due respect to every religion while formulating policies.
5.) What is socialism?
Socialism is political concept which says that all the resources should be used for public good, and not for individual interests. It aims to eliminate social and economic inequalities in the society.
6.) There were how many members in constituent assembly?
The constituent assembly had 389 members. Of these 292 members were from 11 provinces and 93 were representatives of princely states. One member each from Ajmer-Marwar and the Baluchistan province was also present.
7.) Who was the chairman of Cabinet Mission and how were the members of constituent assembly elected?
Cabinet Mission was chaired by Lord Pethick-Lawrence, and it suggested that the provincial assemblies elected under the Government of India Act 1935 should act as electoral college to choose the representatives of constituent assembly.
8.) Why are fundamental rights essential for protecting the rights of people?
Fundamental rights are the basic laws of land which put a limit on the legislative power of the government i.e., government cannot enact any law which is contravention to the fundamental rights of the people.
9.) Mention some of the provisions of Government of India Act 1935.
It provided limited right to vote to the population of the country. It also reserved seats on religious basis, where only those who belong to the same religious denominations can vote.
- Name some important committees for framing the constitution for India.
Drafting committee, fundamental rights committee, and various sub committees were formed like union constitution committee, states committee, fundamental rights and minorities committee, national flag committee etc.
Long
1.) What were the provisions of the draft constitution constituted by a committee under Motilal Nehru in 1928?
Some of the major provisions of the draft constitution proposed by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru in 1928 were-
- Dominion status for India and an autonomous government under the British rule.
- Protection of rights of minorities
- Citizens’ rights like freedom of expression, religious freedom, freedom of peaceful assembly, right to form associations and unions, secularism etc.
- Reorganization of states on linguistic basis.
2.) State the major differences between the Government of India Act 1935 and the Constitution of India.
Constitution of India |
Government of India Act 1935 |
● Right to vote for every citizen above 18 years of age.
● No provision of separate electorates. ● Reservation for minorities. ● Limited autonomy to the elected government. ● British governors and viceroys had the power to dissolve the elected assembly, dismiss the government and veto any law. |
● Limited franchise, only 10% of the whole population had the right to vote. ● Separate electorates for Muslim, Sikh, Christians. ● No reservation for minorities. ● Complete sovereignty. ● Only parliament has the power to dissolve the elected assembly. |
3.) What is the inference of the preamble of India?
The Preamble of Indian constitution signifies the values, ideals, aspirations and feelings of the freedom fighters and the people of India, which were generated during the freedom struggle through Indian renaissance, swadeshi movement, non-cooperation movement, civil disobedience and quit India movement. It also encompasses ideals from jungle satyagraha, eradication of caste system, women’s rights, worker’s rights and peasants’ rights and many other socio-political movements. It also took inspiration from Russian revolution, like principle of economic equality and justice, French revolution like principle of equality, liberty and fraternity, and American constitution like the ideas of political justice, freedom, individual freedom, human dignity etc.
4.) What is the inference taken from the phrase ‘We the people of India… do hereby adopt, enact and giver ourselves this constitution.’?
This phrase is taken from the Preamble of India which signifies the values, ideals, aspirations and feelings of the freedom fighters and the people of India. From this statement we can infer the following points-
- The sole power of the constitution are the people of India. It represents the will of the people and is the outcome of the wishes of the people.
- People of India are the creators of the constitution.
- The people of India established democracy with the constitution.
5.) What is meant by social, economic, and political justice?
Social justice means there would be no discrimination based on race, religion, caste, sex, or place of birth etc. It aims to establish social equality in society and remove caste-based discrimination in society. Economic equality means equal opportunity of pursuing any profession of one’s choice. Political justice means right to vote which is available to every Indian citizen above the age of 18 years. It gives the people equal right to vote irrespective of their race, religion, caste, sex, or place of birth. If any citizen is discriminated on the grounds of race, religion, caste, sex, or place of birth it is the responsibility of the republic to deliver these rights and to create the conditions to prevent any violation of rights.
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