SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problem
SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Environment and Environmental Problem full exercise Solution by Social Science Geography Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 all Question Answer Solution.
Board |
SEBA / Assam State Board |
Class |
10 |
Medium |
English Medium |
Subject |
Social Science Geography |
Chapter |
2 |
Chapter Name |
Environment and Environmental Problem |
Topic |
Solution |
1.) Write in your own words the meaning of environment.
Ans. Environment, in the broader sense, refers to the conditionsrequired for all living organisms to survive. These elements in the environment are both biotic and abiotic.
2.) Mention some of the biotic and abiotic elements of environment.
Ans. The living organisms of the environments are called as Biotic elements. Example: plants and animals from microbes to large mammals are the Biotic elements. All the non-livings things that are found in the environment are known as Abiotic elements. Ex: Sunlight, Air, Water, Fire, Storms, volcanoes etc.
3.) Write the meaning of lithosphere.
Ans. Lithosphere is the hard solid part of the earth which consists of rocks, soil, minerals etc. The Lithosphere covers all the continents on the earth which comprises of mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys and coasts.
4.) What are the features included in the hydrosphere?
Ans, The seas, oceans, lakes, rivers and other water bodies distributed in the different continents form the hydrosphere. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface. The hydrosphere face changes in its position depending on the lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
5.) Write about the composition of the atmosphere.
Ans. The blanket of air that covers the earth’s surface is known as Atmosphere. It is a gaseous layer which comprises of Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon-di-Oxide, Argon, etc.
6.) Give an outline of the extent of the biosphere.
Ans. The biosphere covers all the areas in the environment which consists of living organisms. The surface of the earth, under the surface of the earth, the seas, oceans, and the lowest layer of the atmosphere where the birds and insects fly.1.7.5million species of plants and animals have been identified in the biosphere. Human beings or Homo Sapiens are one of the species.
7.) Discuss briefly the relation among the four major components of environment.
Ans. The four important components of the environment are Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere. All the spheres are linked with each other and the condition created by them for the birth of living organisms is known as Environment. Geographer Peter Haggett opines that the environment is the result of the interaction that takes place between land, water, air and life. The environment is very complex system and all the local environments interact and constitute into the larger global system.
8.) Mention the major causes of environmental change.
Ans. The environment on the earth faces various problems due to the increase in population and the resultant human activities. Some of the most alarming problems are as follows:
i.) Pollution-The major pollutant of the environment is pollution of land, air and water due to disposal of harmful substances. Man-made products when disposed in a huge quantity causes harm to the environment and called as pollutants. The harmful substances like Zinc, Sulphur-di-Oxide, Carbon-monoxide, etc are some environmental pollutants. Disposal of poisonous metals, industrial wastes, radioactive substances, acid rain causes land pollution. Similarly, the atmosphere gets polluted due to acid rain which cause destruction of forests and pollute water of the wetlands. Water pollution is caused by disposal of wastes in the rivers, lakes and ponds from the industries and cities, accidents of the oil ships etc.
ii.) Desertification-The process through which the productive green areas on the surface of the earth change into deserts is called desertification or spread of deserts. In 1970s the Sahara Desert became very dry and resulted in the death of many animals. Around 35% of the world’s land surface is affected by the process of desertification.
iii.) Global Warming-Some gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, water vapor etc. trap the energy and heat which are reflected by the earth’s surface and increase the temperature of the atmosphere also. They are the greenhouse gases and maintain the balance of the atmospheric temperature but when the amount of these gases increases, the natural state of the temperature gets affected. Due to excessive cutting of trees, emission of carbon dioxide from factories, vehicles amount of the greenhouse gases especially Carbon dioxide have increased which have resulted in the heating of the earth’s atmosphere causing global warming. In last 150 years there has been 30% increase of Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which have trapped the solar energy reflected from earth’s surface thereby increasing the global temperature.
9.) Explain the meaning of environmental problem.
Ans. The environment on the earth faces various problems due to the increase in population and the resultant human activities. Increase in human settlements, excessive growth of agricultural lands, industries, cities, development of transport and communication have tremendously exploited the environment and disturbed the connection between the various elements of the environment. All these have created problems in the environment which are greenhouse effect, global warming, land, air and water pollution, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, waste disposal, desertification etc.The environmental problems can be considered in three different categories-a. Local problems. b. Regional problems and c. Global problem
10.) Write geographical divisions of the environmental problems.
Ans. The environmental problems can be considered in three different categories-a. Local problems. b. Regional problems and c. Global problem. Local problems remain restricted to the smaller areas depending upon their origin and spread. The area may face land pollution caused by small -scale industry, water scarcity etc. Some problems may be regional in their origin, for example, the flood problem of the Brahmaputra or the Barak Valley, problems of water pollution in a vast industrial region,soil erosion in a river basin etc. Regional problems can affect more than one country. The global environmental problems consist of environmental issues that affect the entire world for example, the problem of Global Warming which is not restricted to one place, but it affects lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere along with the atmosphere. The problem requires efforts on the international level.
11.) What is a local environmental problem? Give examples.
Ans. The environmental problems can be considered in three different categories-a. Local problems. b.Regional problems and c. Global problem. Local problems remain restricted to the smaller areas depending upon their origin and spread. The area may face land pollution caused by small -scale industry, water scarcity etc.
12.) Give two examples of regional environmental problem.
Ans. Some environmental problems may be regional in their origin, for example, the flood problem of the Brahmaputra or the Barak Valley, problems of water pollution in a vast industrial region etc.
13.) Which problems are considered as global environmental problem?
Ans. The global environmental problems consist of environmental issues that affect the entire world for example, the problem of Global Warming which is not restricted to one place, but it affects lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere along with the atmosphere. The problem requires efforts on the international level.
14.) Mention the major environmental problems of the world.
Ans. Environmental problems such asGreenhouse effect, global warming, land, air and water pollution, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, waste disposal, desertification, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, climate changes etc
15.) Give the meaning of the term pollution.
Ans. The process through which contamination of the environment by harmful substances take place is known as Pollution. Man made substances cause pollution to the environment and are called as Pollutants. For example: Zinc, Sulphur di -Oxide, Carbon-monoxide etc are some pollutants of the environment. Pollution can take place of land, air water. There are different typesof pollution like noise, heat, light etc.
16.) What is water pollution? How does it occur?
Ans. When the water gets contaminated due to mixing of chemical substances, microbes, or radiations are added or passed through it is called water pollution. This process is known as Pollution. Pollution makes the water unusable. Water pollution takes place when there are human settlements, industries, agriculture etc in the water sources. Industrial and urban wastes contaminate the water of the rivers that flow beside the towns and cities. Example: Ganga river water gets polluted from the wastes generated from the towns and rivers that drain in the river. The increase in the acid content also pollutes the water.
17.) Write a short note on land pollution.
Ans. Land pollution is a very crucial problem of modern times. Land gets polluted due to the different activities of humans. The natural fertility of the land gets lost when certain poisonous chemicals, poisonous metals, industrial wastes, radioactive substances, acid rain gets mixed up with the land. Modern agricultural practices, industries, deforestation, use of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation etc pollute the land.
18.) Write how air is polluted.
Ans. The air is a mixture of various gases like Nitrogen, Argon Carbon-dioxide etc in certain percentages. If this proportion is disturbed then the balance gets broken and the air is called to be polluted. The natural factor that pollutes the air is Volcano. The volcanic eruption causes smoke, ashes, and gases that come out from the earth’s interior and pollutes the atmosphere. Human activities like growth of industries, urbanization, pollution from emissions from vehicles, nuclear explosions are all causes of air pollution. The increase in the use of fossil fuel which has harmful gases like Carbon-monoxide, Nitrogen Oxide, Sulphur-dioxide etc pollute the atmosphere. Acid rain is another very harmful factor of the air pollution which has disastrous effects on the forests and water of wetlands.
19.) What is a desert? Give the definition of desertification.
Ans. The deserts are one of the naturally formed geographical location, it is a mostly barren area where there is very little or no rainfall and very little natural vegetation also. Natural environment is very dry .20% of the world’s land surface is covered with deserts. The polar regions which are snow covered are cold deserts.
Desertification is a situation that occurs when productive green areas of land change into desert like regions. Due to desertification the spread of deserts to their edges occurs. For example: the environment of the Sahara Desert in Africa became very dry in the early 1970s which caused death of many animals and led to severe sufferings of humans. The process of desertification leads to reduction of productivity of land and causes expansion of deserts.
20.) Mention the causes of desertification.
Ans. Desertification can be caused by both natural and human factors. Natural factors like drought and global warming are important. Drought affects the productivity of land and reduces the growth of natural vegetation which increases the chances of desertification. Global warming is also a very big reason for desertification as it increases temperature and makes the desert environment excessively dry. Human activities like overgrazing, increase of agriculture and deforestation are causes of desertification. The increase in the population has put pressure on deserts and semi-desert areas thereby increasing the chances of desertification. Dry areas of more than 100 countries have the problem of desertification. Mostly the countries of North America are severely affected by desertification. The low rainfall areas of North -Western India has faced the problems of desertification.
21.) Is it possible to control desertification?
Ans. Desertification is a serious problem in the present world. The problem has to be resolved with the international participation only. Human activities should be controlled for reducing the speed of desertification. Afforestation is a necessary step to be taken for stopping soil erosion, salinization and other types of soil degradation. Irrigation of land, using proper technologies, educating the people about desertification, making them aware of the different measures that can be taken for prevention, use of traditional methods along-with modern methods, creating economic activities in dryland areas, providing new settlements etc can be various measures for controlling the process of desertification.
22.) What is global warming? Mention its causes.
Ans. Global warming has become an alarming situation for the whole universe. There are certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide can trap the energy reflected back by the earth’s surface and are called as Green house gases.These gases constitute only 0.1% of the total volume of gases in the atmosphere and help in maintaining a balance in the temperature on the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. When the balance of these gases increases in the atmosphere due to the increase in the pollutants due to natural activity like volcanic eruption and human activities like burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, excessive industrialisation etc, the greenhouse gases start absorbing more heat and thereby increasing the temperature of the atmosphere. This is known as Global Warming. Carbon dioxide plays an important role in global warming.The average temperature of the surface of the earth has increased by about 0.76℃ due to global warming.
23.) What are the probable consequences of global warming?
Ans. Global warming results in the increase in the temperature of the atmosphere of the earth. The average temperature has been estimated to increase by about 5.8℃ which will threaten the existence of all the living organisms on the earth including humans. Melting of snow in the polar areas, rise in the sea level, changes in the growth and distribution of plants and animals, reduction in crop productions, desertification, heatwaves, drought, epidemics etc are the consequences of global warming. It is estimated that the rise in the temperature by 2-3℃ can cause snow melting on both of polar regions causing rise in the levels of sea. Thus, if the sea level can rise by 1metre then about 5 million sq.km of coastal areas will get submerged along with coral islands,
24.) Write how to control global warming.
Ans. Many national and international organisations are working for the control of global warming throughout the world. Consequences like ice-melting in the polar regions, reduction in crop productions, desertification, heatwaves, drought, epidemics etc have made humans understand that reduction of global warming is only way for the survival of all living beings on the earth. Organisations like United Nations Organization named International Union for Conservation of Nature – IUCN, WWF, World Conservation Monitoring Centre have been established which are working for the conservation of nature. Various steps are also taken like increasing recycling of resources, reduction in the use of vehicles, afforestation, reduction in use of non-renewable energy sources, less use of electricity, transferring to use of non-conventional use of energy, conservation of water etc
25.) Is there any environmental problem in your own locality? If yes, then explain their causes and indicate some measures for their solution.
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