What is Participle | Kinds of Participle with Examples and Rules
Participle is the verb form with verb+ ing which can be used for different purposes like adjective, tense of verb. Participle is different from verb but it’s quite look like verb. Participle helps verbs to express complicated actions done by that verbs. Participles are often used as partly like verbs and partly like adjective within a sentence. In this article, students will find out complete guidance to understand particle with explained rules and examples. Students are advised to follow the entire article for getting over the difficulties related to participle.
Kinds of Participle
Participles have three major kinds which are present participle, past participle and perfect participle. To use each participle correctly we must have an overall idea about its formation and usage rules within texts and sentences. All types of participles have been explained below:
1.) Present participle:
Present participle is used for referring any incomplete or continuous action. When the subjects of two sentences are same but verbs are different then present participle will be used to form simple sentence. Participle will be formed for the verb of which the action is done first.
She saw me. she fled away.
Seeing me she fled away.
There are some other different conditions based upon which present participle is used. Those are:
i) For explaining the verb in the continuous tense.
Ex.
She is singing a beautiful song.
ii) To denote a verb in nature taking an object.
Ex.
I saw him cycling on the road.
iii) To govern noun and takes the object present participle is used.
Ex.
Hearing the great news the students smiled in joy.
iv) To modify verb present participle is added with adverb.
Ex.
She got good marks for answering correctly.
v) Present participle can be used as adjective premodifier.
Ex.
An interesting story kept me awake.
vi) Present participle can also be used as postmodifier adjective.
Ex.
The girls look charming.
vii) To admit comparison present participle is used.
Ex.
His words are more encouraging than his brother.
viii) It can be used as an adverb within a sentence.
Ex.
She walks leaning forward.
ix) Present participle is used after nominative absolute.
Ex.
The weather being fine, we went outside.
x) To transform complex sentence into simple sentence present participle is used.
Ex.
Following my suggestions you will reach great heights.
xi) It can be used predicatively for completing a sentence.
Ex.
We saw him running.
xii) Sometimes the participle can be understood from the sentence without mentioning it completely.
Ex.
The meeting (over), all employees left the conference room.
xiii) As the participle is verb and adjective it will always be related to any noun or pronoun.
Ex.
Sitting in the park, he was seen by his friends.
2.) Past participle:
The past participle is usually ends with d, ed, t,n and en for mentioning the completed action by a verb. To refer past participle third form of verb will be used with the subject. All other rules of using past participle are mentioned below:
i) To mention perfect tense past participle is used.
Ex.
The passengers have arrived.
ii) To express the meaning in passive voice past participle can be used.
Ex.
The teachers were sent to guide students.
iii) To govern a noun within a sentence past participle can be used.
Ex.
Having rested, Rohan started his journey.
iv) Past participle often takes a clause the object of a verb.
Ex.
Convinced that he would pass, he relieved.
v) As a premodifier adjective it can be used.
Ex.
We saw a departed soul within him.
vi) To express the passive meaning past participle is formed in transitive verb.
Ex.
A tired soul is resting now.
vii) To complement the verb past participle is used as postmodifier adjective.
Ex.
She got her hair washed.
viii) To explain comparison past participle is used.
Ex.
The novel is more interested than the previous one.
ix) To replace adverbial clause past participle can be used.
Ex.
Scared, they kept close together.
x) To join sentences past participle is used.
Ex.
The frame is broken. It cannot be used.
The broken frame cannot be used.
xi) To make a simple sentence from complex sentence past participle is used.
Ex.
Having completed his homework, he went out.
3.) Perfect participle:
When both the subjects and verbs of two sentences are different, two actions are past action and completed actions, one action is started after finishing the first action then perfect participle will be formed. From the two actions of verbs, perfect participle will be formed for the verb whose action is done first. Perfect participle is also called absolute phrase or nominative absolute. The two structures to be followed in perfect participle are:
i) Having + v3- active voice
ii) Having + been + v3- passive voice
Ex.
The sun rose. The clouds disappeared.
The sun being risen, the clouds disappeared.
The enemy soldiers were defeated in battlefield. They ran away.
Having been defeated in the battlefield, the enemy soldiers ran away.
FAQs:
1.) What is the reason of studying participle?
Answer. Participle is an important part of the verb chapter which can be used in different forms and contexts within a sentence. So, students must learn participle for enhancing their knowledge about English language.
2.) From where do students will get right resources of participle?
Answer. Students will find this participle ideal study material for participle after going through this entirely. They will find all rules well-explained with enough examples for understanding at better level.