NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 Solution – Climate
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 10 Climate. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 Solution
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
10th (Secondary) |
Subject |
Social Science |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.1
(a) Name the important latitude drawn on the map which has divided India in two
heat zones. Also tell the degree of that latitude.
(b) Name the cities located on map which are influenced by the sea and cities which
are not influenced by the sea.
(c) Which mountain range protects our country from cold breeze of Central Asia?
(d) Observe the wind direction given on the map and tell why do we have dry winter season?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.2
1. Name the states which lie within the low pressure regions.
2. As the monsoon winds are coming from south-west which state they will strike
first.
3. When the monsoon winds reach the Bay of Bengal, what is their direction?
4. Observe the rainfall data of the following cities and find out the average duration of monsoon in four cities. Name of the cities are:
(a) Mumbai (c) Delhi
(b) Jaisalmer (d) Shillong
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.3
(i) The hot and dry wind blowing in the northern plain in the summer are called
(ii) Which mountain range acts as a barrier in the path of the Arabian Sea branch?
(iii) The tropical cyclones of the Bay of Bengal usually occurs during
(iv) Which place would be the hottest one in March?
(v) Monsoons are called …
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.4
1. Why do we find the rainfall distribution in India highly uneven?
2. Name the three regions of India receiving lowest rainfall.
3. Name the months of Kharif and Rabi season.
4. When do we have the zaid season?
5. Which human activities are responsible for global warming?
TERMINAL EXERCISES
1. Describe any five factors which are responsible for affecting the climate? Explain with the help of examples for each factor.
2. Differentiate between climate and weather.
3. How are winds and their directions responsible for affecting the climate? Explain by giving examples.
4. Define monsoon. Identify the main reason which is responsible for moving trade winds in opposite direction?
5. Mention any four characteristics of cold weather season.
6. List any four main features of hot weather season?
7. By giving examples explain the effects of the global warming in India. What are
the causes behind it?
Answers-
Chapter 10:
IN text questions 10.1
(a) Tropic of cancer, 23½° N
(b) Influenced by sea
(i) Mumbai
(ii) Chennai
Not influenced by sea
(iii) Lucknow
(iv) Delhi
(c) Himalayan Mountain Ranges
(d) We have dry winter season because winds are coming from North-East. Since they are coming from land, they are dry and unable to give rain to the country.
IN text questions 10.2
1) Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and parts of Odisha.
2) Kerala.
3) South to North and North-East and North-West.
4) (a) Mumbai: 4 months (c) Delhi: 4 months
(b) Nagpur: 4 months (d) Shillong: 6 months
IN text questions 10.3
1) (i) (b) Loo
(ii) (c) Western Ghats
(iii) (c) Retreating monsoon season
(iv) (c) Deccan Plateau
(v) (a) Seasonal Winds
IN text questions 10.4
1)The rainfall distribution in India highly uneven because when monsoon winds enter from the coast, they give the maximum rain there. When they reach the central or northern regions, they become dry, resulting less rainfall.
2) Regions of low rainfall –
- Northern leh-ladakh region
- Western Rajasthan
- South-Central part
3) Kharif – June and July Rabi – October and November
4)From the end of the winter season i.e. March to May.
5) Urbanization, Industrialization, Deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, etc.
Terminal Exercises:
1) Five factors which are responsible for affecting the climate are given below:-
a) Location: The places which are closer to equator have high temperature. As one moves towards the poles temperature decreases. As our country, India is located in Northern hemisphere closer to equator at 8°4¢ and 23½° Tropic of Cancer passes through the central part of India.
b) Distance from the sea: The southern half of India is surrounded by sea from three sides: the Arabian Sea in the west, the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Indian Ocean in the south. Due to moderating influence of the sea this region is neither hot in summer nor very cold in winter.
c) Altitude: It means the height above the average sea level. The atmosphere becomes less dense and we feel breathlessness as we go higher from the earth surface and thus the temperature also decreases with the height.
d) Mountain Ranges: Mountain ranges also affect the climate of any region to a great extent. The Himalaya Mountain is located in the northern part of our country with an average height of 6000m.
e) Direction of surface winds: The wind system also affects the Indian climate. This system consists of monsoon winds, land and sea breeze, and local winds. In winter the winds blow from land to sea so they are cold and dry.
f) Upper air Currents: Besides surface winds, there are strong air currents called Jet streams which also influence the climate of India. These jet streams are a narrow belt of fast blowing winds located generally at 12,000 metre height above the sea level.
2) Weather: It includes sunshine, rain, cloud cover, winds, hail, snow, sleet, freezing rain, flooding, blizzards, ice storms, thunderstorms, and steady rains from a cold front or warm front, excessive heat.
Climate: It include precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, and wind velocity, phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms over a long period of time.
3) Winds and their directions responsible for affecting the climate by the following ways:-
a) In winter the winds blow from land to sea so they are cold and dry. On the other hand, in summer wind blow from sea to land bringing the moisture along with them from the sea and they cause wide spread rain in most part of the country.
b) Jet streams are a narrow belt of fast blowing winds located generally at 12,000 metre height above the sea level. They bring western cyclonic disturbances along with them. These cyclonic winds originate near the Mediterranean Sea and move eastwards. On their way, they collect moisture from Persian Gulf and shed it in the North western part of India during winter seasons. These Jet streams shift northwards during summer season and blow in Central Asia. Thus helps in the onset of monsoons.
4) Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.By mid-June the general movement of air is from equatorial region of Indian Ocean to the Indian subcontinent and the direction of these winds in general is from Southwest to North-East. This direction is exactly opposite to that of the trade winds (North – East to South-West) prevailing during winter in India. This complete reversalof wind direction from North-East to South West and vice-versa is known as monsoons.
5) Four characteristics of cold weather season are as follows:-
a) The duration of cold weather season is from December to February.
b) The temperature decreases from the South to the North.
c) There is light rainfall in this region due to Western disturbances.
d) During the winter season, North-East trade winds prevail over India.
6) Four main features of hot weather season are as follows:-
a) High temperature in plains, western part of India and in the central part of peninsular India.
b) During summer, very hot and dry winds blow over North Indian plains. They are locally called Loo.
c) Towards the close of the summer season, pre-monsoon showers are common, especially in Kerala and Karnataka.
d) They help in the early ripening of mangoes, and are often referred to as mango showers.
7) Global Warming: – During the last decades of urbanization, industrialization and population growth the atmosphere has been polluted. Human activities increase the amount of carbon dioxide, Chloro Floro Carbon (CFC) and other dangerous gases. About 51% of the solar energy is absorbed by the earth’s surface, which increases its temperature. The rest of the heat is reflected back in to the atmosphere. This helped in maintaining temperature. But now due to pollution some of the reflected heat is trapped by greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly carbondioxide. It has increased the temperature of the Earth’s surface. There is evidence to show that CO2 levels are still increasing. Many countries have signed a convention to reduce GHGs under the U.N. framework. However, the current international agreements are still not effective enough to prevent the significant changes in climate.