Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Solution Chapter 5 – Healthy Me – Normal Me
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Solution Chapter 5: Healthy Me – Normal Me. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Healthy Me – Normal Me full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
Psychology |
Chapter |
5 |
Chapter name |
Healthy Me – Normal Me |
1.) (A) Complete the following statements
1.) One of the criteria of well-adjusted behaviour is ___________
(a) intelligence
(b) openness to new experience
(c) success
(d) artistic ability
Answer:
(b) openness to new experience
2.) According to the humanistic perspective, every individual strives for ___________
(a) absence of problems
(b) absence of mental disorder
(c) enjoyment in life
(d) development of one’s abilities to the fullest
Answer:
(d) development of one’s abilities to the fullest
3.) According to ___________ perspective, one of the causes of abnormality is ‘genetic predisposition’.
(a) behavioural
(b) biological
(c) sociocultural
(d) cognitive
Answer:
(b) biological
4.) ___________ face the identity crisis.
(a) Children
(b) Adolescents
(c) Young adults
(d) Old people
Answer:
(b) Adolescents
(B) State whether the following statements are True or False and justify your answer with reason.
1.) Sucheta has an IQ that falls into the category of genius which is rare to find. ‘Genius’ is statistical deviance. Therefore, she is abnormal.
Answer:
False
Explanation: Despite the statistical deviation in Sucheta’s IQ, she does not meet other criteria for being abnormal, such as personal suffering and decreased functioning. She cannot thus be regarded as abnormal.
2.) It is very rare to find a person possessing all the criteria of a well-adjusted person.
Answer:
True
Explanation: There are five major traits of a well-adjusted individual. Some people could meet some requirements, while others might score highly on different ones.
3.) Over-expectation from the parents can lead to a lack of self-confidence.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Parents push their children too hard if they demand more of them than what their child is capable of. Anxiety, poor performance, and a subsequent lack of confidence will result.
4.) A well-adjusted individual does not encounter failure at all.
Answer:
False
Explanation: A well-adjusted person will experience failure. However, he is aware that success and failure are transient. He is aware of the long-term value of perseverance and hard effort.
5.) Abnormality is always hereditary.
Answer:
False
Explanation: In addition to being inherited, the anomaly may also be the product of social, cultural, and psychological influences in the environment (i.e., nurture).
6.) Self-awareness is being passionate about fulfilling one’s needs.
Answer:
False
Explanation: Self-awareness is the capacity to recognise one’s own emotions, strengths, and flaws, whereas self-motivation is the drive to meet one’s requirements.
7.) Social skill is the ability to interact well with others.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Active listening, effective verbal and nonverbal communication, leadership, and other social skills are all essential for getting along with people.
8.) Openness to new experience leads to dangerous situations, therefore, it should not be encouraged
Answer:
False
Explanation: A well-adjusted person’s quality of being open to new experiences gives him the ability to interact with outsiders and unfamiliar environments without difficulty. Being honest does not automatically create harmful circumstances.
(C) Identify the odd item from the following.
1.) Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Self-motivation, Sympathy, Social skills
Answer:
Sympathy
2.) Cognitive perspective, Humanistic perspective, Psychoanalytic perspective, Motivational perspective
Answer:
Motivational perspective
3.) Failure, High anxiety, Negative thoughts, High self-esteem, Self-blame
Answer:
High self-esteem
4.) Deviance, Personal distress, Low intelligence, Impaired functioning
Answer:
Low intelligence
(D) (i) Match the following.
A |
B |
1. The emphasis upon the unconscious mind |
a. Biological |
2. Survival and reproduction are the purpose of mental processes |
b. Cognitive |
3. Chemical changes in the brain |
c. Psychoanalytic |
4. Abnormal behaviour is due to faulty learning |
d. Evolutionary |
5. Emphasis upon thinking process | e. Sociocultural |
Answer:
A | B |
1. The emphasis upon unconscious mind | c. Psychoanalytic |
2. Survival and reproduction are the purpose of mental processes | d. Evolutionary |
3. Chemical changes in the brain | a. Biological |
4. Abnormal behaviour is due to faulty learning | e. Sociocultural |
5. Emphasis upon thinking process | b. Cognitive |
(ii) Match the columns
A | B |
(i) Stress and storm | (1) Used for gaining more power |
(ii) Body image | (2) Adolescence |
(iii) Bullying | (3) May lead to a lack of self-confidence |
(iv) Low self-esteem | (4) Childhood |
(v) Nurturance | (5) Anorexia |
(6) Feminine trait |
Answer:
A | B |
(i) Stress and storm | (2) Adolescence |
(ii) Body image | (5) Anorexia |
(iii) Bullying | (1) Used for gaining more power |
(iv) Low self-esteem | (3) May lead to lack of self-confidence |
(v) Nurturance | (6) Feminine trait |
- 2.) Answer the following questions in around 35-40 words each.
1.) Explain the concept of realistic perception of self with an example.
Answer:
This is a crucial quality of a person who is well-adjusted and it entails having a solid awareness of one’s own emotions, strengths, and flaws.Personal lives are efficiently controlled as a result of it.
Example: Anu enjoys singing and is aware of her superior vocal abilities (her power). She enrols in the singing lessons as a result to better herself.
2.) What is emotional intelligence? Mention the components of emotional intelligence.
Answer:
According to Mayer and Salovey, emotional intelligence is “the capacity to recognise one’s own and other people’s emotions, to distinguish between them, and to use that knowledge to inform one’s thinking and behaviour.”
It consists of five elements: empathy, self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-motivation. Alexithymia is a disorder that can affect people who are on the lower spectrum of the emotional intelligence range. The inability to comprehend or express emotions is known as alexithymia.
3.) What are the conditions that lead to low self-esteem? Give examples.
Answer:
Low self-esteem can result from a variety of factors, including: too strict or critical parents; unfavourable peer pressure; persistently poor academic achievement and stressful or traumatic situations.
Negative emotions and anxiety-inducing relationships
Example: If Anil tried something new, his folks would always criticise him. He began to feel worthless as a result, which led to his having poor self-esteem.
4.) What is the significance of openness to new experiences?
Answer:
Being open to new experiences is a sign of someone who is well-adjusted. Being open is the only way to:
- attempt new things;
- go to new locations;
- feel good about oneself;
- converse with people without feeling awkward;
- take chances with things they don’t understand;
- feel comfortable sharing their true ideas.
5.) How does self-awareness affect psychological well-being?
Answer:
The capacity to recognise and comprehend one’s own feelings, abilities, behaviours, and moods is known as self-awareness. It has an impact on our psychological well-being because:
- self-awareness enables one to utilise strengths and improve upon flaws;
- one may learn to control impulsive conduct and better care for one’s mental health.
6.) What is the significance of self-motivation?
Answer:
- Self-motivated individuals are eager to take action without needing any external reward or push.
- If one is self-motivated, he would rise against all the inhibitions and hesitations.
- It is significant because it not only makes one determined but it also keeps one going despite setbacks and hardships.
7.) Enlist the qualities a person requires for having healthy relationships with others.
Answer:
Healthy relationships with others are a trait of the well-adjusted. It necessitates traits like being trustworthy, fair, courteous, non-threatening, a good parent, having shared obligations, being in an economic relationship, and being willing to lend help to others.
8.) How important are social skills? Give example.
Answer:
Social abilities are crucial to the lives of all people since they are social creatures.
To properly engage with one another, these abilities are necessary.
They support us in building connections that are peaceful and conducive to coexistence.
Cooperation, good communication, and conflict resolution are a few examples of social skills.
Example: Mahesh’s effective communication abilities helped him forge positive relationships with his relatives and coworkers.
9.) State the biological perspective to abnormal behaviour with an example.
Answer:
The biological viewpoint holds that abnormality is caused by biological and physiological processes.
- The atypical behaviour is handled as a sickness or mental disorder. Symptoms are used to make the diagnosis.
- Hospitalisation and pharmacological therapy are used to address abnormality.
- Illustration: Medicines may be used to treat abnormalities brought on by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
10.) Explain the humanistic perspective.
Answer:
As seen from a humanistic viewpoint, people have an innate desire to improve themselves and progress their own development, and abnormal behaviour is a taught response to obstructed personal development.By fostering environments that allow individuals to reach their full potential for development, growth, and change, abnormalities can be addressed.
11.) Explain the sociocultural perspective to abnormal behaviour.
Answer:
The sociocultural approach contends that abnormal conduct is learnt in a social setting. Family, friends, society, and societal standards are all included.
Problems with cultural beliefs and standards can be linked to abnormalities.
Example: Because being thin is viewed as desirable in her society, a girl may adhere to a rigid diet even though it is bad for her health.
- 3. Compare and contrast
(i) Realistic perception of self and Unrealistic perception of self
Answer:
- Having a realistic view of oneself entails being aware of one’s own advantages and disadvantages. It also entails improving on strengths and addressing deficiencies. Realistic individuals do not lose their cool when faced with failure. All of this makes it possible for them to manage life more skillfully.
- A person who has an unrealistic view of herself will anticipate things that are impossible. They could experience disappointment, annoyance, and despair. They could feel inept and be unable to see their own abilities. They even attribute their flaws to other people.
(ii) Openness to new experiences and Inhibitions/Fear of new experiences
Answer:
People who are at ease interacting with others and who feel confident sharing their thoughts are receptive to new experiences. They are anxious to experience life, try out new things, visit new places, and interact with people from other communities, backgrounds, and regions. People who are scared and reluctant are not receptive to changes, new locations, new people, and experiences. They are confident and brave to take chances with unfamiliar situations. These people struggle to adapt to change and experience anxiety while speaking to strangers.
(iii) High self-esteem and low self-esteem
Answer:
- Individuals with strong self-esteem exude assurance and aggressiveness. They are loved by everyone because they are content with themselves. Better relationships are also a byproduct of it. People who are adjusted have great self-esteem.
- Those who lack self-esteem don’t believe they are cherished, appreciated, or deserving. They don’t think highly of themselves. This causes stress and subpar performance. As a result, they continue to feel inept and engage in self-blame.
(iv) Sympathy and Empathy
Answer:
- Having sympathy means you feel bad for the struggles or losses another person is going through. In this situation, a person sincerely feels sorry for the suffering or loss experienced by others.
- Empathy is the ability to put oneself in another person’s position. It means being able to see things from that person’s perspective and truly experience his suffering. As a result, empathy is a stronger feeling than compassion.
(v) Behavioural perspective — Humanistic perspective to abnormality
Answer:
A behavioural viewpoint examines a person’s discernible behaviours. According to this viewpoint, inadequate conditioning and learning might result in aberrant conduct. These anomalies are treated by behavioural psychologists using the concepts of reward and punishment.
A humanistic viewpoint examines the ways in which people are motivated to evolve, advance, and become their best selves. According to this viewpoint, anomalies develop when personal progress is impeded. Such anomalies are treated by humanistic psychologists by fostering environments that promote a person’s healthy and good development.
4.) (i) What are the possible consequences of
(a)Geeta is more interested in literature but being the only daughter of a well-established orthopaedic surgeon having his own hospital, she is under pressure of choosing medical profession as her career.
Answer:
It’s conceivable that Geeta will follow in her father’s career path and study medicine. She won’t, however, be self-driven and may even dislike her job. When faced with obstacles, she is inclined to become frustrated.It’s also feasible that she tells her father about her interest in literature (firmly but softly) and persuades him that this is where her passion and heart lay. In this scenario, she won’t point the finger at anybody when things are tough and will be driven to find a solution to any problems that may develop.
(b) Sujata is an intelligent girl but she is extremely sensitive to criticism and perceives herself as less competent.
Answer:
Sujata will continue to lose heart when she receives criticism. Due to the fact that she has no influence over how other people behave, there is a probability that this may occur frequently.If she receives criticism on a regular basis, she will continue to doubt her abilities and might fall victim to the negative cycle of poor self-esteem.
(c) Trisha is not able to make friends. She cannot initiate conversation with strangers at all. She is placed as a leader of one of the teams for campus-cleaning.
Answer:
Her teammates could joke about with her and not respect her as a leader. She could wind up handling the cleaning task by herself, and the team might not even give her a chance to speak.She may be able to get past her inadequacies, though, if she approaches the issue as an obstacle and reacts constructively.
(ii) What will you do if…
(a)You see your best friend bullying your classmate.
Answer:
I’ll step in and halt the bullying right away using my friendship. I’ll then speak with my pal to see why she turned to bullying.I’ll also make an effort to convince her that indulging in such activity is unacceptable.
(b)You see a girl in your class who is not included in many of the class room activities, who does not have any friend and who faces rejection from everyone.
Answer:
I’ll approach her and become friends with her personally. I’ll assist her in any way I can as well. I realise that she needs assistance, therefore I won’t be concerned if I am singled out by others for giving it to her.
I’ll make an effort to approach people afterwards to improve their perceptions about her.
(c) You got very less marks in the First Terminal exam.
Answer:
I’ll be first quite dissatisfied and unhappy. But first, I’ll attempt to determine why I received such poor grades.I’ll devote more time to studying, spend less time on leisure activities, concentrate better in class, and ask questions right away. It will enable me to earn high scores in the upcoming semester.
(d)You are very much interested in taking part in a drama to be performed in the annual function of your college, but you are not selected.
Answer:
I’ll be disappointed for a while. But first, I’ll try to determine why I was turned down and then I’ll try to fix it.I’ll also enrol in a workshop to enhance my abilities and strive hard to win future competitions for comparable parts.
5.) Write short notes in 50-60 words each.
1.) Criteria of well-adjusted person
Answer:
An individual who meets these requirements is well-balanced:
- Openness to new experiences
- Healthy relationships
- A strong sense of self-worth
- Emotional intelligence
- A realistic view of oneself and the world
In addition to these qualities, people who are well-adjusted also demonstrate generosity, appreciation, and sharing, and they realise that success and failure are inevitable parts of life.
2.) Criteria of abnormal behaviour
Answer:
Three main characteristics of aberrant conduct include:
- Personal distress: Constantly feeling very down or sad.
- Deviance: Conduct that contravenes legal requirements or accepted social and statistical norms.
- Impaired daily functioning: Failure to function regularly.
It is incorrect to label someone as odd based on only one factor. Consideration must be given to all of the aforementioned factors.
3.) Psychoanalytic perspective
Answer:
In order to understand human conduct, the psychoanalytic approach looks to the unconscious mind, early experiences, and interpersonal relationships.This viewpoint holds that aberrant conduct results from anxiety brought on by unresolved and unconscious conflicts from infancy.
This viewpoint aims to help those who behave abnormally by concentrating on conflict identification and resolution.Various unconscious motivations or conflicts, according to Freud, have their roots in primal sexual and violent tendencies.
4.) Cognitive perspective
Answer:
- According to the cognitive approach, people behave irregularly because their thought processes are flawed. They could act in accordance with certain erroneous beliefs they may possess.
- This viewpoint aims to assist those exhibiting aberrant behaviours in changing their thought patterns.
- This is accomplished by unlearning dysfunctional thought patterns and substituting more adaptive ones.
5.) Bullying
Answer:
- Bullying is an issue that some adolescents may experience. When someone lacks authority or prestige, they run the risk of being humiliated or being the target of hostility.
- Bullying can be verbal, psychological, or physical. Bullying always has a bad intention.
- The majority of bullies are also victims. • Bullies are aggressive, cruel manipulators who don’t trust people, breach their promises, and unfairly take advantage of others. Both bullies and victims have poor self-esteem. They act aggressively or in a self-destructive manner in response to stress.
- Bullying is typically done by boys to acquire dominance, whereas bullying is done by girls while they are depressed.
7.) Emotional intelligence
Answer:
- Michel Beldoch first used the phrase “emotional intelligence” in 1964.
- The capacity to comprehend and control one’s own emotions as well as those of others is referred to as emotional intelligence.
- Its suggested talents include sensing, using, comprehending, and effectively controlling emotions.
- One of the characteristics of well-adjusted people is having strong emotional intelligence.
- Balanced people have great emotional intelligence. They don’t become anxious or panicky easily. They can deal calmly and successfully with pressure.
6.) Case study Read the following case carefully and answer the questions based upon that. Pritha was a merit holder girl from a middle class family. She joined a college where majority of students were from a rich background. Although she was capable of following lectures and was doing well in her studies, she felt lonely as she could not get acceptance in the groups of her classmates coming from affluent families. She tried to dress like them, and started asking for extra pocket money from her parents. Her classmates joked at her dressing sense. She could not tolerate the mockery and stopped going to the college. Instead, she started spending time visiting strange places like public parks, railway stations and shopping malls. She did not appear for any of her exams. Her parents were unaware of all these things and on asking about college or studies, Pritha answered them without revealing the truth. At the end of the year, her parents received her report card by post from her college with a remark that ‘Your ward has to take College Leaving certificate.’ On confronting Pritha, she became violent and started damaging the furniture uttering bad words about the middle class people and there after her utterance was incomprehensible for her parents. This continued for a very long time.
Questions :
1.) Which problems did Pritha face in her college?
Answer:
Due to her family’s financial situation, Pritha was excluded from her contemporaries. She endured harassment as well since her wealthy peers teased her about how she dressed. She experienced rejection and humiliation. It has an impact on her mental health. She most likely felt powerless since she felt unable to tackle those topics at home.
2.) Could Pritha, according to you, have avoided her condition of feeling lonely?
Answer:
It was an extremely challenging and upsetting time in her life. She could have spoken to her parents and professors and asked for advice, though. She may have also told her buddies who weren’t in college.
3.) What would you do if you were in Pritha’s place?
Answer:
I would have discussed things honestly with my parents. My parents would have undoubtedly presented me with their opinions and advice on how to interact with friends who came from diverse backgrounds. Additionally, I would have given my academic work greater focus.
4.) Do you think Pritha should have spoken to her parents about her feelings at college? If yes, how it would have helped her?
Answer:
Yes, rather than lying to her parents about attending college, Pritha could have spoken out and let them know what was going on. Lying was simply making her problems worse. They may have talked to her professors and offered her assistance if they had wanted to diffuse the issue.
7.) Answer the following questions in 150- 200 words.
Answer:
To decide if someone exhibits aberrant behaviour, all of the following factors must be taken into account.
Personal distress is the subjective emotion that a person has in reaction to people or circumstances that cause them great discomfort. It entails experiencing extreme lows and depression as well as issues like social disengagement, for example. A person is deemed abnormal if they are always depressed and unhappy.
Deviance is defined as behaviour that is contrary to the established rules of the state or that differs from the typical social and statistical patterns displayed by the majority of individuals, for example. intentionally acting in a way that is damaging to both oneself and other people.
Inability to carry out typical functions: Day-to-day functioning becomes hampered, i.e., the inability to discharge suitable and expected duties in circumstances involving family, friends, and the workplace, for example. Lethargy makes it difficult for a person to complete their daily tasks and keep their professional obligations.
2.) What are the causes of abnormal behaviour?
Answer:
The main seven psychological viewpoints on aberrant behaviour are as follows. These many viewpoints all point to various reasons of aberrant conduct. Aside from that, the Stress Diathesis Model and the Biopsychosocial Model also go through the reasons why people behave abnormally.
The following list of factors can be used to explain anomalous behaviour:
- From a biological perspective: Physiological or chemical imbalances can cause abnormal conduct.
- Social environment is where abnormal behaviour is learned, according to the socio cultural approach.
- From a behavioural perspective: Unnatural learning and conditioning lead to the acquisition of abnormal behaviours.
- From an evolutionary standpoint, abnormal behaviour is a heightened variation of adapted behaviour.
- From a humanistic perspective, abnormal behaviour results from impediments to personal development.
- From a psychoanalytical and psychodynamic perspective, unresolved unconscious tensions are what lead to abnormal behaviour.
- From a cognitive standpoint, abnormal behaviour results from erroneous presumptions and flawed reasoning.
3.) Describe the challenges faced by adolescents with examples.
Answer:
Adolescence is a time of transition marked by a variety of physical and psychological changes. The time period is referred to as “the storm and stress.” Adolescents confront a variety of difficulties since they are neither children nor adults.
- Problems with sexual orientation: Homosexual or bisexual adolescents experience confusion when they understand their sexual orientation differs from that of their classmates.
- Gender identification issues: Some teenagers may exhibit characteristics that are generally associated with the opposite gender. They grow rebellious if they are not permitted to act in a way that comes naturally to them.
- Bullying problems: Adolescents may experience the issue of bullying. When someone lacks authority or prestige, they run the risk of being humiliated or being the target of hostility.
Other difficulties include:
- Self-identity problems due to their status as neither adults nor children.
- Might experience inferiority, shyness, and trouble mingling with peers.
- People who lack confidence could see others unfavourably.
- They could become aware of their physical characteristics.
- Hormonal fluctuations may cause a person to become irritable and unpredictable.
- A person under a lot of strain from themselves and their parents may feel.
Also See: Previous Chapter 4 Solution