Gujarat Board Class 10 Solution Social Science Chapter 17 Economic Problems and Challenges Poverty and Unemployment Exercise Solution here in this Post.
Board |
GSEB Gujarat State |
Textbook |
10 Class |
Medium |
English |
Subject |
Social Science |
Chapter |
17 |
Chapter Name |
Economic Problems and Challenges Poverty and Unemployment |
Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 17 Economic Problems and Challenges Poverty and Unemployment Solution:
(1) Answer the following questions in details.
(i) Explain various solution of poverty alleviation program.
Ans: (a) In order to make poverty Alleviation solutions successful, the rural and urban people living below poverty line should get direct financial benefit.
(b) It is create opportunity of employment for families suffering from poverty, improvement in agriculture, rural upliftment, food security, providing education, development skill, leading social security and bring them above poverty line.
(c) Present central and state government have Implemented many welfare program.
(d) It has try to improve living standard of poor in cities by geographical and infrastructural services.
(e) Poverty reduce, reduction of unemployment.
(f) Food security, social safety.
(ii) Discuss in detail the steps taken by government for poverty alleviation program in ‘Agriculture sector and program’ ‘Gramodayathi Bharat uday’.
Ans: (a) Pradhan mantri krishi sinchai Yojna: Under national agricultural plan; there should be increase in agriculture growth rate and sectors related to it and improvement in irrigation facilities. Irrigation facility should reach every part of agricultural land, drip irrigation system used. Construction of small, big, medium size check combat water problem so every field get water. Such types of steps have taken so that farmers are saved from dangers.
(b) Gramoday se Bharat Uday : Farmer oriented yojana have been made to prevent loss faced by the farmers due to wild animals damaging the crop by providing them economical help to build fencing to protect their crop, production of grass for cattle at the time of crisis. They get help in farm of availability of finance at low rate of interest for mechanization of farming e.g. to purchase tractor and mini tractor, help in the form of subsidy, help in construction of water tank, improving quality of plantation crops, set up new testing laboratory production of cotton, pusses, management get suitable price. Central government and state Government try to save farmers and help them by this scheme.
(iii) Give information about efforts made by government to reduce poverty.
Ans: Main reason for poverty is an employment. This challenging problem has mainly affected educated youth. As a result they lost attitude of interest toward studies, negative effect on social and mental condition is seen. They are disappointed psychologically they unemployment for long time involve in antisocial activities like drug, illegal activities, robberies, class discrimination begins, fall in living standard when price rise joins unemployment. Condition of poor and unemployed become more pathetic he turns towards narcotic drugs and other addictions unemployment is proved that deadly for individual and family economy.
(iv) Explain in detail schemes and programs under taken by the government to reduce unemployment (main four)
Ans : We have study about plans of Government to remove unemployment while studying about poverty alleviation program.
(a) Increasing capital investment and opportunities of employment. New field open for and balance economic development. In agriculture sector, small and house hold industries, cottage industries.
(b) Increase employment Government has start giving economic help, education, open training centre through different schemes.
(c) Gamodyog, handloom and handicraft skill for production consumer goods.
(d) Encouraging policies should be implemented in the schemes.
(e) More people may be employed in rural area by less investment by developing new method. One crop may be taken from the field in order to remove unemployment. Activities related to agriculture, poultry, fishery, cattle, dairy industry, programs of afforestation.
(2) Answer the following questions point wise.
(i) What is poverty? What are the characteristics of people living below poverty line?
Ans: A large number of people are deprived of satisfying their basic and essential requirements of the life such as food, clothes, shelter, education and health services. Situation is known as ‘Comprehensive poverty’ and people living in such a condition in the society are called poor.
Characteristics of people living below poverty line.
(a) Person who is not able to get two meals a day.
(b) People suffer from problem of unavailability of dwelling place.
(c) They are forced to live in shabby. Slum area.
(d) Their income is less than determined expected income.
(e) They are illiterate.
(f) Death rate is high due to malnutrition.
(ii) Explain poverty in India.
Ans: (a) 2001-2012 decided poverty line, Rural area as ₹ 816 which means ₹ 4080 per family expenditure and for urban area per capita expenditure was fixed at the rate of ₹ 1000 per person, family expenditure was declare at least ₹ 5000.
(b) On the basis of new criteria no. of the poor has reduce to 27 crore in 2011-12 and rate of poverty has reduced to 21.9 percent in the ratio of total population.
(c) As per the report of UNDP-2015, ratio of poverty in India in 2011-12 was 21.92 %.
(d) It means that out of total poor 26.93 crores 21.65 crore people in the rural area and only 528 crore people in urban area.
(e) India is bestowed with natural resources in large quantity and is prosperous in natural raw material.
(f) Lack of ability to make worthy profit from them, lack of education, training, skill, these natural resources have not been utilized to their best possible extent for welfare of people.
(iii) What are the reasons of origination of poverty?
Ans: (a) Decrease in income from agriculture sector because of insufficient development in the field of agriculture and insufficient irrigation facilities.
(b) Lack of alternative employment apart from farming.
(c) Lack of knowledge, education, skill in the rural area.
(d) Due to ignoring necessities and economic welfare of the poorest section of the society during formation of economic policies.
(e) Poor people are becoming victims of malnutrition and diseases.
(f) Due to change of technology, traditional business, cottage industries etc. were deteriorated and unemployment had increased.
(g) There was an increase in population growth death-rate decreased, average life-span, increased so unemployment increased.
(iv) What are the steps taken by the government for social security and food security ?
Ans: Maa Annapurna Yojna – (a) Under this program poor families and people living below poverty line are given 35 kg food grains per family every month by Gujarat Government.
(b) Which provide free of cost 5 kg food grains at low rate.
(c) In which wheat is given at the cost of Rs.2 per kg, rice Rs-3 kg, at fair price shops 382 crore people who are covered under this scheme get the benefits of food security.
(d) Because of which a large sum of money spent on food will be saved.
(e) It is a bring happiness on the face of people and improve their living standard.
(v) State the reasons for unemployment.
Ans: (a) Increase in population, theoretical knowledge only, lack of practical knowledge, lack of technical knowledge or skill, failure.
(b) Losing interest in Agriculture sector, improper irrigation facilities, lack of alternative employment during the other than season.
(c) Weak condition of cottage industries, house hold industries and small scale industries caste system, joint family system.
(d) People are force to follow traditional business, lack of courage to set up new business, flows in knowledge, skill, training experience, immobility of labour.
(e) Low growth rate of industrial development less rate of saving tendency.
(f) Above all are the reasons for unemployment.
(vi) State the effect of unemployment.
Ans: (a) Problem of unemployment is the weakest link of our planning.
(b) This challenging problems has effect educated youth.
(c) As a result they lost attitude of interest towards studies, negative on social and mental condition.
(d) Disappointed psychologically.
(e) If they remain unemployed for long time they get involve in antisocial or immoral activities e.g. drug trafficking, illegal activity, robberies, etc.
(f) Fall in living standard.
(g) He turns towards narcotic drugs and other addictions.
(h) Unemployment has prove to be deadly for individual, family as well as economy.
(3) Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) Relative poverty and absolute poverty.
Ans: (a) Absolute poverty : These people of the society who are not able to purchase the basic necessities of life like food grains, pulses, milk, vegetables at lowest market rate is called absolute poverty.
(b) Relative poverty : A society has different income groups some groups have low income in comparison to other, such a group is consider to be relative poverty.
(ii) Explain about Agro business policy.
Ans: Through Agro business policy 2016 state Government has implement plan to provide employment to 10 lakh people by setting up Agro food processing unit along with helping in expert of processed food products so that poverty may be reduced.
(iii) Clarify MANREGA Program.
Ans: MANREGA Program has popular with the slogan our village, our work, along with reasonable price it is enhance live hood for families or adult living in rural Areas of state, who can be physical labour through unskilled but are willing to work for this purpose one person from every family is guaranteed wage employment for at least 100 days in financial year. Government try to improve living standard of poor people under this program.
(iv) What is industrial unemployment ?
Ans : In the industrial field if anyone has to remain unemployed for short term or long term due to changes taking place in industrial sector, such a situation is called industrial unemployment.
(v) Explain the idea of world labor market.
Ans: When change of labors is there among nations of the world, it is called world labor market. When laborers migrate from one country to another for employment, business, training or higher education is called movement of labor at international level.
(4) Answer the following questions by choosing the correct alternative.
(i) Which state in India has highest rate of poverty?
Ans: Bihar
(ii) What was the rate of poverty in India in 2011-12 (In crores)?
Ans: 26.93
(iii) Which scheme has been started to connect women empowerment, skill development training, self employment and market?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
(iv) In which Indian state is the rate of unemployment found to be highest?
Ans: Bihar
(v) Which scheme was implemented under the food security act in Gujarat?
Ans: Ma Annapurna Yojna.
(vi) The Institute which registers unemployed persons to eradicate unemployment.
Ans: Employment Exchange centre.