DEFINITION
Dipole Moment: The measurement of distance between two charges that are opposite to each other is called dipole movement. It can found in covalent bond and ionic bond of molecules.
FORMULA
Dipole moment can also define as product of charge magnitude and the distance between the center of positive and negative charge.It is denoted by u.
Dipole moment = charge × Distance of separation
u = q × d
The unit of dipole moment is Debye.
1D = 3.33×10^-30 Cm where C is coulomb and m is metre.
CHARACTERISTICS
i) It is a vector quantity because it has both direction and magnitude
ii)The polar molecules have dipole moment and non-polar molecule do not have dipole moment.
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Uses
i) It is used to find shape of molecules.
ii) Used to determine the symmetry of molecules. The molecules which have specific dipole moment value will have unsymmetrical shape and the molecule with zero dipole moment will have symmetrical shape.
iii) Used to distinguish between polar and non- polar molecules (non polar molecules possess zero dipole moment; eg: H2).
- Question :- Arrange the following molecule in the order of increasing dipole moment?
HF, HBr, HI, HCl
Ans: HI<HBr<HCl<HF
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