Chhattisgarh State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Land Resources Exercise Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blanks, Questions and Answers here.
Chhattisgarh State Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Solution
Choose the correct alternative in the following:
(1) We eat food daily. On what kind of land is most of this food grown?
(a) Agricultural land
(b) Forest land
(c) Barren land
(d) Fallow land
Answer :
(a) Agricultural land
(2) Which layer of soil is most important for agriculture?
(a) C and R
(b) C and B
(c) O and A
(d) A and B
Answer :
(c) O and A
(3) Which layer of soil is the first to be damaged by erosion and pesticide use?
(a) Organic layer
(b) Mineral layer
(c) Bedrock layer
(d) All the above layers
Answer :
(a) Organic layer
(4) Which type of land is most suitable for industries?
(a) Forest land
(b) Agricultural land
(c) Orchards
(d) Barren land
Answer :
(d) Barren land
(5) Is land management:
(a) essential
(b) not essential
(c) sometimes essential
Answer :
(a) essential
Answer the following questions:
(6) How will the absence of soil impact our lives?
Answer :
The thin top layer of the land is called soil. It is formed by the weathering of rocks, and it is a fertile layer of the land. Absence of soil would be detrimental for the existence of humans on earth because all the living beings are dependent upon the soil for their food needs either directly or indirectly. If soil would not be present there, no agriculture would be possible, no forest cover would sustain and because of no trees there would be no oxygen production. Therefore, soil is important for the existence of life on earth.
(7) What will happen if agricultural land decreases?
Answer :
If agricultural land decreased, then it would reduce the agricultural output which is necessary for sustaining human life. As the world population is increasing, the decrease in the agricultural area would lead to starvation and deaths.
(8) What is the difference between current fallow and old fallow?
Answer :
Fallow land is the agricultural land which is left for some time to replenish its fertility. The current fallow is the land which is left uncultivated for one year. Whereas old fallow is the land which has been left uncultivated for more than one year. About 8% of the total India’s land come under fallow land category.
(9) What are the human factors in land degradation?
Answer :
Land degradation is the decrease in the quality and productivity of land because of various natural and man-made factors. Human activities like ploughing of dryland, canal irrigation in desert areas, flood irrigation, water logging, over grazing, mining, industrial pollution, dumping of waste products etc. are leading to the degradation in the quality of land.
(10) The table below lists the names of some professions. How is soil used by these professions Fill the details in the table.
S.No. | Trade | How they use soil |
1 | Potter | |
2 | Farmer | |
3 | Idol maker | |
4 | Industrialist | |
5 | Rural houses |
Answer :
(1) → For making utensils and art crafts
(2) → For agriculture
(3) → For making idols
(4) → For establishing industry
(5) → For making oven and painting floor
(11) Study the data in the table and answer the following questions:
1950-51 | 1970-71 | 1990-91 | ||||||
Land use | In lakh hectares | % | In lakh hectares | % | In lakh hectares | % | In lakh hectares | % |
Forest land | 405 | 14 | 639 | 22 | 678 | 22 | 700 | 23 |
Orchards | 199 | 7 | 43 | 1 | 38 | 1 | 33 | 1 |
Agricultural land | 1,187 | 42 | 1,403 | 48 | 1,430 | 42 | 1,416 | 46 |
Non-agri. land | 112 | 4 | 165 | 6 | 211 | 7 | 265 | 9 |
Fallow land | 281 | 10 | 199 | 7 | 234 | 8 | 246 | 8 |
Barren land | 592 | 21 | 357 | 12 | 344 | 11 | 297 | 10 |
Pasture land | 67 | 2 | 133 | 5 | 114 | 4 | 103 | 3 |
Total land use | 2,843 | 100 | 2,938 | 100 | 3,049 | 10 | 3,060 | 100 |
Data not available | 444 | 349 | 238 | 227 | ||||
Total area | 3,287 | 3,287 | 3,287 | 3,287 |
(a) Which type of land area has been steadily decreasing over the years?
(b) Which type of land area has been steadily increasing over the years?
(c) Why is the acreage of non-agricultural land increasing?
(d) Is data available for all the land in India? What have been the significant changes in land use between 1950-51 and 2010-11?
Answer :
(a) Land under orchards and barren lands
(b) Agricultural land and forest land
(c) Area under non-agricultural land use is increasing because it is used for more non agriculture purposes like residential buildings, establishing industries etc.
(d) Land use data is available for most of the land in India. There have been significant changes in the land use patterns between 1950-51 and 2010 2011. Like the area under forest land has increased from 405 lakh hectares to 700 lakh hectares and the agricultural land has increased from 1187 to 1416 lakh hectares. Other categories of lands like non-agricultural land and Pasteur land have also increased. Whereas the land under orchards, fallow land, and barren land have decreased.
(12) The pie-chart below depicts land use in India and Chhattisgarh. Study the chart and answer the following questions:
(a) Which soil type has the maximum share in Chhattisgarh’s total land acreage and which type has the least share?
(b) Which soil type accounts for almost half of Chhattisgarh’s total land acreage?
(c) Which soil type has the maximum share of Chhattisgarh’s total land acreage?
Answer :
According to the given pie charts-
(a) Chhattisgarh has the maximum share of forest land and least share of land under orchards.
(b) Forest land accounts for almost half of Chhattisgarh’s total land acreage.
(c) Forest land has the maximum share of Chhattisgarh’s total land acreage.
Also See: Resources and Development Chapter 1 Question Answer
Additional Questions & Answers:
Multiple choice
1.) What is the total geographical area of India?
a.) 33.8 sq km
b.) 32.8 sq km
c.) 42.8 sq km
d.) 43.8 sq km
2.) A stable oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration is helpful in maintaining
a.) Atmospheric pressure
b.) Atmospheric temperature
c.) Humidity
d.) Weather phenomena
3.) What is the percentage of forest cover in Chhattisgarh?
a.) 51.75%
b.) 41%
c.) 41.75%
d.) 51%
4.) Which one of the following does not come under non agricultural land use?
a.) Industries
b.) hotels
c.) Schools
d.) fruit bearing trees
5.) The land which has been left uncultivated for more than a year is known as
a.) Barren land
b.) old fallow land
c.) orchards
d.) current fallow land
6.) The land acquisition Act was passed in which year
a.) 1951
b.) 2018
c.) 2012
d.) 2013
7.) According to the land acquisition Act 2013 if the acquired land will not utilised for more than 5 years after acquisition then
a.) It would come under government ownership
b.) If would be returned to the original owner
c.) If would be sold by government
d.) None of the above
8.) The Yellow colour of red yellow soil comes from
a.) Hydration of soil chemicals
b.) Soil erosion
c.) Weathering
d.) High iron oxide content
9.) Which soil is best for cotton cultivation
a.) black soil
b.) Alluvial soil
c.) laterite soil
d.) desert soil
10.) The topmost layer of soil is
a.) O layer
b.) C layer
c.) A layer
d.) B layer
11.) Most of the Chhattisgarh’s land area is covered by which soil
a.) Alluvial soil
b.) Red soil
c.) Laterite soil
d.) Desert soil
12.) Open cast mining is
a.) A large pit is dug to extract minerals.
b.) Minerals are collected from the surface.
c.) Minerals are collected from the riverbed.
d.) None of the above
Very short
Q.) What is the percentage of forest cover in Chhattisgarh?
41.75%
Q.) What are orchards?
The land covered with fruit bearing trees are known as orchards. Over the last 60 years the land area under orchards have decreased.
Q.) name any 5 non-agricultural uses of lands.
House, shops, industries, roads, railways, markets, playgrounds, rivers, dams etc.
Q.) What is soil?
Soil is the uppermost fertile layer of earth which is formed by weathering of rocks.
Q.) Name the bottom-most layer in the soil horizon?
Bed rock is the bottom-most layer of the soil horizon it is also known as R layer.
Q.) In which layer of soil horizon humus is found?
O layer.
Q.) How is red soil formed?
Red soil is formed by the weathering of metamorphic rocks. It is rich in iron oxide and its yellow colour comes from hydration of soil chemicals.
Q.) highest moisture retention capacity is of which type of soil?
Black soil.
Q.) What is the main cause of land degradation in dry areas?
Grazing of livestock.
Q.) What are the ill-effects of flood irrigation?
It causes water logging and soil salinization.
Q.) How acidification of soil can be controlled?
Acidification of soil can be controlled by adding lime solution to the soil. Lime solution is of basic nature so it would neutralize the acidity in the soil. Acidification of soil is cause by water logging like conditions caused by flood irrigation.
Short
1.) Explain the changes in forest cover in the last 60 years.
The total forest cover in India has increased in the last 60 years. But the growth has not been uniform i.e., it increased from 14% to 23% till 1970-71 and its growth afterwards was stagnant. For example, the total forest cover in 2010 was 23% but the actual forest covered land area was 19.05%.
2.) What are the benefits of the byproducts of the sugarcane industry?
Bagasse is the most important byproduct of the sugarcane industry. It can be used as a raw material for fuel generation and also in the paper manufacturing industry.
3.) How does forest help in maintaining ecological balance?
Forests absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis which is essential for maintaining the gaseous composition in the air. Stable carbon dioxide and oxygen balance in the atmosphere is essential for maintaining the required average temperature.
4.) What are orchards and how the land area under orchards have changed over the years?
Orchards are land areas covered by fruit bearing trees. The total land area under orchards has decreased significantly in the last 60 years. The total land cover under orchards has decreased from 7% to 1% in the last 60 years.
5.) How does land degradation lead to poverty?
In India the majority of the population is dependent on agriculture as the primary occupation. Because of this, when the productivity of land decreases many rural households fall into debt trap and poverty.
6.) How can barren land be brought under productive uses?
Barren land is agriculturally non productive land which can be used for non agricultural purposes like establishing industries, pasteur lands, construction of public amenities etc.
7.) What are the various factors which are responsible for land degradation in India?
There are various factors which are responsible for land degradation in India like soil erosion because of wind or flowing water, soil pollution because of excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, overgrazing etc.
8.) What is open cast mining and where it is used?
The method of removing topsoil and digging in the ground for extracting the underground minerals is known as open cast mining. It is widely used in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha.
9.) What is the major cause of land degradation in Punjab and Haryana?
The major reason for land degradation in Punjab in Haryana is Flood irrigation and over extraction of underground water. Because of this the soil in this region is covered by alkaline salts which makes it unfit for agricultural purposes.
10.) Which environmental conditions are necessary for the formation of laterite soil?
Laterite soil is usually found in the heavy monsoonal rainfall regions. It develops well in the region having high temperature and high rainfall conditions. It has low humus content.
Long
1.) What are the soil types of India? Explain about them briefly.
Soil is the uppermost thin fertile layer of the earth’s crust. There are mainly six types of land found in India. They are-
- Alluvial soil- They are found in northern plains, and they occupy the most land area in India. It is the most fertile land and is most suitable for agriculture.
- Black soil- It is mainly found in western ghats. It is most suitable for cotton cultivation, and it has high water retention capacity.
- Laterite soil- It is found in the high rainfall areas. The fertility and humus content of the soil is also very low.
- Red soil- Most of Chhattisgarh’s soil comes under this category. It is formed by the weathering of metamorphic rocks and Deccan plateaus.
- Forest soil- It is the soil under forest cover. It is commonly found in the Himalayas.
- Desert soil- It is the soil which is found in desert areas like Thar desert.
2.) Explain land management.
Land is an important natural resource, and it must be managed sustainably. Some methods of land management are-
- Planned development of towns and villages in rural areas for better utilization of land area.
- Use of barren land for non-agricultural activities. It can also be used for Pasteur development.
- Fallow land can also be used for agriculture and horticulture purposes.
- The land area under forest cover needs to be protected and new forest should also be generated through afforestation.
- Controlling the use of insecticides and pesticides to save soil from pollution. It also needs to be protected from soil erosion.
- Activities like urban forestry, kitchen gardening etc. should be promoted.
3.) What is the soil horizon? Explain various layers which are found in the soil horizon.
The horizontal soil profile which is found while digging inside the earth is known as soil horizon. It consists of various layers. Like-
- Organic layer- it is also called as O layer. It consists of humus and organic content i.e., dead and decomposed plant and animal material.
- A layer – it is a mineral layer but it also has some organic content.
- B layer- it is a mineral layer and it consists of larger soil particles. The roots of big plants only reach this layer.
- Bedrock layer- it is formed by C and R layers. It is the lowest layer in the soil horizon and consists of unweathered rocks.
4.) What is the importance of forest land? How has the area under forest land changed over the years?
The forest land is a land area which is covered by dense plants and trees. They are important for human beings in various ways like-
- They Are necessary for maintaining the desired oxygen concentration in the air. They absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and release oxygen through the process of photosynthesis
- They also help in maintaining the desired average temperature which is necessary for survival of living beings.
- They provide various natural resources like fuel, food, fodder, medicinal plants, fruits vegetables etc.
- They also help in conserving the water resources and provide necessary natural habitat for wildlife.
The total forest cover in India stands at about 23 percent in 1970-71 which has increased from 14%. But after 1970-71 the increase in forest area has largely remained stagnant. Additionally it is not important that the whole 23% area which is mentioned in the official record is under forest cover. The actual forest cover in 2010 is only 19.05%.
5.) What is the total land area under agriculture and what are the issues with the Indian agriculture system?
The total land area under agriculture has increased from 42% in 1950 – 51 to 46% in 1970. After this the total land area and agriculture has remained stagnant. The main reason behind this stagnation is the increasing population and less irrigated arable land available in the country. The main issues with the Indian agriculture system are-
a.) Only 38.75% of the total agricultural land area of India is under irrigation.
b.) Lack of technological advancements in the agriculture sector.
c.) Small land holdings make mechanization difficult.
d.) Less per hectare productivity.