Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation
CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science History The Age of Industrialisation. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions The Age of Industrialisation.
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Case Study 1
Age of Industrialization
1) Proto-industrialization (PI) is regarded as a preliminary stage in the progression of modern industrial economics that preceded and paved the way for full-fledged industrialization. This concept was initially introduced by Mendels twenty years ago [1]. Mendels put forth two fundamental propositions. Firstly, the proto-industrial phase was characterized by the expansion of rural domestic manufacturing, which increasingly connected families to national and international markets. Secondly, rural industrialization was so extensive and economically and socially dynamic that it became the primary driving force behind the transition to the second phase, known as industrial capitalism, which was centered around centralized urban production.These propositions have given rise to a stimulating and innovative field of discourse, exploring the interconnectedness of industrial development with social, political, and cultural aspects of life, rather than treating them as separate areas of study. Consequently, the increased involvement of men, women, and children in manufacturing has been linked to changes in their agrarian roles, gender attitudes, sexual lives, age of marriage, and living standards. Additionally, it has been associated with the emergence of regional specialization, commercial and financial skills, and work skills.
Q1) what were the factors that led to proto industrialization in Europe? Mark 2
Answer Proto-industrialization in Europe, from the 16th to 18th centuries, was driven by factors like surplus agricultural production, population growth, cottage industries, availability of raw materials, and domestic systems of production. It laid the groundwork for later industrialization by fostering specialized production and trade, eventually leading to factory-based industrialization.
Q2) What were the outcomes of proto industrialization? Mark 2
Answer Proto-industrialization in Europe resulted in increased specialization of rural labor, growth of cottage industries, and regional economic development. It created a foundation for later industrialization by generating valuable skills and entrepreneurial spirit. However, it also led to economic disparities and social changes, with some regions benefitting more than others.
Case Study 2
2) The industrial revolution in Europe was a gradual process that spanned over a considerable period of time. The catalyst for this transformation was the significant increase in population that occurred in the mid-18th century, resulting in a vast pool of labor. This, coupled with the need to meet the basic requirements of the growing populace, necessitated the development of more efficient methods of production. Great Britain, with its highly productive and prosperous agricultural system and a plethora of innovative inventors, enjoyed a distinct advantage over other European nations. Consequently, the United Kingdom set the pace of progress for the rest of Europe from 1750 onwards for almost a century.
The first spinning frames were invented in the British Isles, followed by mechanical weaving looms, which led to the emergence of textile factories. Concurrently, the iron industry experienced a boom. The discovery of the process of converting coal into coke provided iron manufacturers with an abundant and almost limitless supply of fuel to process iron ore. The introduction of steam engines to heat the furnace ovens more efficiently resulted in the rapid proliferation of colliery towers and chimney stacks of iron works across the coal regions.
Q1) What was the role of steam revolution in Europe? Mark 2
Answer Steam power played a transformative role in the Industrial Revolution in Europe. The invention of the steam engine, initially by James Watt, revolutionized manufacturing and transportation. Steam engines powered factories, enabling mass production, and drove steam locomotives and ships, facilitating efficient transportation of goods and people. This technology dramatically increased productivity, accelerated urbanization, and reshaped the economic and social landscape of Europe.
Q2) What was the spinning jenny? Mark 2
Answer Devised by James Hargreaves in 1764, this machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand. By turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and spin several threads at the same time.
Case Study 3
3) Rural life experienced less drastic changes, with a significant technological revolution in the countryside occurring only after the 1850s. However, the adoption of factory-made tools became widespread even before this period, leading to improved productivity as scythes replaced sickles for harvesting. In commercially oriented Britain, larger estates began introducing newer equipment like seed drills for planting. The traditional practice of leaving some land fallow was replaced by crop rotation, which involved the use of nitrogen-fixing plants. Additionally, the use of better seeds, livestock, and chemical fertilizers from the 1830s further enhanced yields. The increase in agricultural production and specialization in the market played a crucial role in the growth of cities and factories. It is important not to overstate the speed of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe. By 1850, Britain, still the leading country in this regard, only had half of its population residing in cities. Furthermore, there were as many urban craft producers as there were factory workers.
Q1) How was the life in Europe at time of industrial revolution? Mark 2
Answer Life in Europe during the Industrial Revolution was marked by profound changes. Urbanization grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work. Factory labor conditions were often harsh, with long hours and low pay. Child labor was widespread. Pollution and overcrowding plagued cities. However, technological advancements and increased production improved living standards for some, contributing to the development of a modern industrial society.
Q2) Write about role of women in industrial revolution? Mark 1
Answer Women played a crucial but often under recognized role in the Industrial Revolution. Many worked in factories and mills, enduring difficult conditions and long hours for lower wages than men. Women’s labor was essential to family income. Some women also engaged in activism, advocating for labor rights and suffrage, leading to advancements in women’s rights and eventual social change.
Q3) What do you mean by the term orient? Mark 1
Answer The countries to the east of the Mediterranean, usually referring to Asia. The term arises out of a western viewpoint that sees this region as premodern, traditional and mysterious.
Case Study 4
4) Tharoor notably discusses the plight of India’s renowned handloom weavers. He highlights how Britain’s economic interests led to the destruction of the Indian textile industry. The British East India Company, a trading enterprise, expanded its control over the Indian subcontinent, using it as a source of men, materials, and markets. Tharoor emphasizes that by the end of the 19th century, India had become Britain’s most significant source of revenue. This economic exploitation was crucial to British industrialization, as the absence of Indian markets and raw materials would have hindered the growth of British industry. The Industrial Revolution further strengthened Britain’s economic and technological capabilities, enabling it to expand its colonial empire. This created a cycle of colonialism, which supported British industrial growth, leading to further colonial expansion and repression. In summary, Tharoor’s speech highlights the devastating impact of British colonialism on India’s economy and society.
Q1) What was the status of Indian textile industries before advent of Britishers? 2
Answer Before British colonial rule in India, the Indian textile industry was highly developed and renowned for its quality and diversity. Textiles were produced in various regions, and India was a major exporter. The industry was characterized by skilled craftsmanship, intricate designs, and a thriving trade with other parts of the world.
Q2) How Britishers imperial policies destroyed India textile sector? Mark 1
Answer British imperial policies, including high tariffs and restrictions on Indian textiles, devastated the Indian textile sector. British mills flooded the Indian market with cheap, machine-made textiles, crippling local artisans and weavers. These policies led to deindustrialization, unemployment, and economic dependence, severely harming India’s once-thriving textile industry.
Q3) What factors led to destruction of Indian textile industry? Mark 1
Answer The destruction of the Indian textile industry was driven by several factors, including British colonial policies such as high tariffs and trade restrictions, which favored British textiles. The introduction of British industrial machinery and the exploitation of Indian labor weakened local artisan communities, leading to deindustrialization, economic dependence, and loss of traditional livelihoods.
Case Study 5
5) During the early 18th century, India held a significant position in the global textile export market. However, by the middle of the 19th century, it experienced a complete loss of its export market and a substantial decline in its domestic market. This resulted in a secular de-industrialization of India, with various local industries also suffering a decline. In 1750, India accounted for approximately 25 percent of the world’s industrial output, but by 1900, this figure had plummeted to a mere 2 percent. To comprehend the relative roles played by domestic and foreign forces in India’s de-industrialization, we employ an open, specific-factor model as a framework for analysis. We examine the trends in the ratio of export to import prices (external terms of trade) from 1800 to 1913, as well as the ratio of tradable to non-tradable goods and wages in the tradable sectors dating back to 1765. Armed with this fresh evidence on relative prices, we aim to determine the extent to which de-industrialization in India can be attributed to local supply-side influences, such as the decline of the Mughal empire, and how much can be attributed to world price shocks, such as the integration of the world market and rapid advancements in European manufacturing productivity.
Q1) Write about the early entrepreneur in British India? Mark 2
Answer In British India, early entrepreneurs emerged during the 18th and 19th centuries. They were often Indian traders and businessmen who adapted to the changing economic landscape under British rule. Prominent figures like Dwarkanath Tagore and Jamsetji Tata ventured into diverse sectors such as textiles, steel, and banking, laying the foundation for modern Indian industry and commerce.
Q2)What were the Peculiarities of Industrial Growth in British India? Mark 1
Answer The industrial growth in British India displayed peculiarities such as limited modern industrialization, as the British prioritized India as a raw materials supplier. Traditional handicrafts declined, and industrialization was concentrated in a few sectors like textiles.
Q3) What was the role of Dwarkanath Tagore in industrialization of India? Mark 1
Answer Dwarkanath Tagore believed that India would develop through westernisation and industrialisation. He invested in shipping, shipbuilding, mining, banking, plantations and insurance.
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