Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science History The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions The Rise of Nationalism in Europe.
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Case Study 1
Rise of nationalism in Europe
1) Nationalism is a profound allegiance to one’s nation. Its early stages involve the aspiration to establish a country that is free from foreign domination. The emergence of modern nations such as England and France occurred during the Hundred Years’ War in the late Middle Ages, when people began to develop loyalties to their countries instead of local feudal lords. Nationalism was introduced to the Americas in the late 1700s and early 1800s, when European colonies overthrew foreign control. Greece gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire of Turkey in 1830, but much of Europe remained divided into various small kingdoms, baronies, and dukedoms during the early 1800s. Italy and Germany, for instance, did not exist as nations at that time.
As a result of intermarriages between European royal families, people often found themselves governed by foreigners who did not even speak the same language as their subjects. Driven by Enlightenment ideals and aspirations for democracy, people yearned for change. They desired to belong to nations that reflected their own culture, history, language, religion, and traditions. Nationalism became the most potent political force of the 1800s, and much of the century’s history is a narrative of people’s struggles to liberate themselves from foreign control.
Q1) What are the factors related to rise of nationalism in Europe? Mark 2
Answer The rise of nationalism in Europe in 1871 was driven by several factors:
Unification movements in Italy and Germany, The decline of multi-ethnic empires, Economic and industrial growth, Promotion of national cultures, The spread of liberal and democratic ideals, The aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War.
Q2) What do you understand by the term Balkan Regions? Mark 2
Answer The term “Balkan regions” refers to a historically and geographically complex area in Southeastern Europe known as the Balkan Peninsula. It includes countries like Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, and parts of Greece, Serbia, and others. The region has a history of ethnic, political, and cultural diversity, as well as occasional conflict.
Case Study 2
2) The German Confederation, consisting of over 30 German states, was primarily dominated by the Austrian Empire. However, it was the state of Prussia that ultimately spearheaded the unification of Germany.
In the year 1862, King Wilhelm I of Prussia appointed Otto von Bismarck as his prime minister. Bismarck was known for his political philosophy called “realpolitik,” which prioritized practical objectives over idealistic notions. This philosophy drove Bismarck to employ any means necessary to achieve his goals.
Under Bismarck’s leadership, the government of Prussia underwent a significant transformation. Bismarck famously addressed his Parliament, emphasizing that the crucial issues of the time would not be resolved through mere speeches and resolutions, but rather through the use of force and determination.
Bismarck initiated the Seven Weeks War against Austria, resulting in the acquisition of additional territory for Prussia. Subsequently, he orchestrated a conflict with France over border states in 1870, known as the Franco-Prussian War. The triumph of Prussia in this war marked the final step towards the unification of the German state.
Q1) What was the role of army in forming the state of Germany? Mark 2
Answer The role of the army, particularly the Prussian military, was crucial in the formation of the state of Germany in the 19th century. Under the leadership of figures like Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian army played a central role in unifying the German states through a series of strategic wars and diplomatic maneuvers, ultimately leading to the establishment of the German Empire in 1871.
Q2) What was the liberal initiative to nation building? Mark 2
Answer The liberal initiative in nation-building emphasized individual rights, representative government, and rule of law. It sought to create a shared national identity based on principles like liberty, equality, and fraternity. In the 19th century, this ideology played a significant role in the formation of modern nation-states and the promotion of democratic institutions.
Case Study 3
3) The formation of the Kingdom of Italy can be traced back to the merger of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples, which was also officially referred to as the Kingdom of Sicily. Given that both kingdoms shared the same name, they were collectively known as the “Two Sicilies”. Meanwhile, the Kingdom of Sardinia had been under the control of Spain and France in the north. In 1852, Count Cavour was appointed as the Prime Minister of the state and sought to unify Italy through political negotiation and conflict. He formed an alliance with France and orchestrated a war with Austria, which resulted in the acquisition of more land for the kingdom.
In the southern part of Italy, Italian nationalists were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, who commanded the Red Shirts army. They successfully captured the island of Sicily and proceeded to conquer the southern regions of Italy. Eventually, they agreed to unite with Piedmont-Sardinia in the north and handed over power to Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. Subsequently, the Austrian province of Venetia, which was home to the city of Venice, also joined the kingdom.
Finally, the Papal States, a vast region of central Italy under the control of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, came under Italian control. This led to the city of Rome becoming the new capital of a united Kingdom of Italy.
Q1) What was the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in formation of Italian Republic? Mark 2
Answer Giuseppe Mazzini was a prominent Italian nationalist and leader of the “Young Italy” movement in the 19th century. He played a vital role in promoting the idea of a united Italian republic. His advocacy for Italian unity and independence inspired others, contributing to the eventual unification of Italy in 1861.
Q2) Which was the first region to become a part of unified Italy? Which was the last region to join? In which year did the largest number of states join? Mark 2
Answer The first region to become a part of unified Italy was Piedmont-Sardinia, which was the base for the Italian unification under the leadership of figures like Count Cavour. The last region to join was Venetia, which happened after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. The largest number of states joined in 1860.
Case Study 4
4) The emergence of a symbolic national identity became a pressing concern for various racial, ethnic, and linguistic groups across Europe during a time marked by the rise of mass politics, the decline of traditional social elites, widespread discrimination, and xenophobia. Even within the Habsburg monarchy, different peoples developed a more mass-oriented, radical, and exclusive form of nationalism. Surprisingly, this trend extended to the Germans and Magyars, who actually benefited from the power structure of the empire. On the fringes of Europe, particularly in Ireland and Norway, movements advocating for national independence grew increasingly vocal. In 1905, Norway successfully achieved independence from Sweden, while attempts to grant Ireland a degree of autonomy faltered due to deep-seated divisions between the Catholic and Protestant populations on the island. Prior efforts by Poland to gain independence from Russia had also proven unsuccessful, with Poland being the sole European country to experience a gradual reduction in autonomy throughout the 19th century as a consequence of failed uprisings. In 1831, Poland lost its status as a formally independent state and was absorbed into Russia as a real union country. By 1867, it had been reduced to nothing more than another Russian province. Faced with internal and external resistance to assimilation, as well as a surge in xenophobic anti-Semitism, the stateless Jewish population of Eastern and Central Europe began to advocate for their own national home and refuge.
Q1) What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for? Mark 2
Answer Liberal nationalism stood for the promotion of individual rights, representative government, and the rule of law within a framework of national identity. It aimed to create cohesive, democratic nation-states where citizens shared common values, fostering the principles of liberty, equality, and self-determination during the 19th-century wave of nationalism in Europe.
Q2) Who were the Revolutionaries in context of nationalism in Europe? Mark 2
Answer Revolutionaries in the context of European nationalism were individuals and groups who advocated for radical and often violent means to achieve national independence and sovereignty. They included figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italy and Lajos Kossuth in Hungary. They played a role in the uprisings and revolutions of the mid-19th century, striving for national autonomy.
Case Study 5
5) The French Revolution, which took place from 1789 to 1799, was a significant period in history characterized by political reform and violence. Its impact extended beyond France, influencing nations worldwide. This revolution marked a widespread transition from monarchies to republican and democratic governments, a movement that had already begun in the late eighteenth century. While the revolution had its flaws, it also played a crucial role in dismantling age-old power structures not only within France and Europe but also within their colonies. It demonstrated that ordinary people possessed the ability to wield political power and completely transform a nation. Additionally, the French Revolution greatly contributed to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who assumed leadership after the monarchy was overthrown.
During the eighteenth century, France experienced political and economic turmoil, leading to widespread discontent and a strong opposition to the monarchy. This environment set the stage for a revolution. The French Revolution was driven by various factors, with the primary motive being the need for political change that would address the demands of the majority, namely the common people. This desire translated into a call for a reduction in the king’s powers and the transfer of more authority to the general citizenry.
Q1) What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people. Mark 2
Answer French revolutionaries took several steps to create a sense of collective identity among the French people. They introduced the metric system, abolished feudal privileges, and promoted the French language. Additionally, the adoption of the tricolor flag, the Marseillaise anthem, and the concept of “citizen” helped foster a unified national identity during the French Revolution.
Q2)What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him? Mark 2
Answer Napoleon introduced efficient administrative reforms in his territories, creating the Napoleonic Code, which standardized laws. He established a centralized administrative structure with appointed prefects. Positions were awarded based on merit, tax systems were simplified, and public education expanded. His rule also promoted religious tolerance and reduced the influence of the Catholic Church
Also See: Nationalism in India