Calcium – Learn all details regarding Calcium in Periodic Table i.e. Atomic Mass, Number, Physical, Chemical properties, Electronic configuration, Valency, Chemical reaction, Uses
Calcium :
Calcium is and 3rd alkaline earth metal . It is 5 th mostly found element in earth crust. It is 4.1% present on earth surface. It is found in earth curst in the form of limestone , gypsum and fluorite . It has no shine In daily life it is found in chalk , limestone and marbles . It is less soluble in water It is one of the useful mineral in our body for bones and teeth It is also useful for clotting of blood . Milk, yoghurt, cheese , green vegetables , nuts are rich in calcium
Discovery : calcium is discovered by Humphrey Davy in 1808
Origin of name :. The name calcium is derived from Latin word ‘ calx ‘ Meaning of this word is lime Lime is a calcium carbonate substance
Physical properties :
1) Atomic symbol:
it is denoted by symbol Ca
2) Atomic number : atomic number of calcium is 20 . In calcium atom 20 proton and 20 electron is present
3) Atomic weight/ mass:
atomic weight of calcium is 40.08 In calcium atom nucleus 20 proton and 20 neutron is present
4) Position :
it is placed in 2nd column (group) and 4 th period (row) It is placed in alkaline earth metal series
5) Block : it is place in the s block
6) Colour : it is colourless metal
7) Odour : it is odourless metal
8) Nature : it is found in solid state .But is soft in nature
9) Boiling point : boiling point of calcium is 14840 C
10) Melting point :
Melting point of calcium is 842C
11) Isotopes: Calcium show 6 stable isotopes
40Ca : atomic weight of this isotpresent 39.9
In this isotopes 20 proton ,20 electron and 20 neutron is present . It is present 96%
42Ca: Atomic weight of this isotope is 41.9 In this isotopes 20 proton,20 electron and 22 neutron is present It is present 0.6%
43Ca: Atomic weight of this isotope is 42.9 In this isotopes 20 proton, 20 electron and 23 neutron is present It is present 0.13%
44Ca: atomic weight of this isotope is 43.9 In this isotopes 20 proton, 20 electron and 24 neutron is present It is present 2.08% . It form from ß decay
46Ca: atomic weight of this isotope is 45.9 In this isotope 20 proton, 20 electron and 26 neutron is present It is present 0.004%. it form from ß decay
48Ca: atomic weight of this isotope is 47.) Can this isotopes 20 proton, 20 electron and 28 neutron is present . It is present 0.18 % . It form from ß decay •
Chemical properties :
1) Electronic configuration
Electronic configuration of calcium is 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 Electronic configuration in concert of shell is 2,8 , 8,2
2) Electronic structure:
In calcium 2 electron present in k shell, 8 electrons present in L shell , 8 electron present in M shell 2 electron present in N shell
3) Valency : it show 2 valency It’s outer shell contain 2 electron
4) Atomic radius : atomic radius of calcium is 194pm
5) Reactivity : highly reactive metal .it react with air and form oxides and nitrides
Uses:
1) It is useful to growth bones and teeth
2) It is use to form alloy like aluminium, copper, lead ,magnesium alloy
3) Gypsum is use in cement to the purpose of hardness. 4) It is use to make glass and also use to make plastics
5) It’s carbonate form use in tooth paste
6) It is useful for maintaining a healthy body , regulating heart beat and contraction of muscles .
7) It is use in plaster of Paris
Question and Answer:
Q1. Define Calcium
Q2. Who discovered Calcium?
Q2. Physical properties of Calcium
Q4. Write Atomic Symbol of Calcium.
Q5. Write the Atomic number of Calcium.
Q6. On which block Calcium element is present?
Q7. What is the color of Calcium?
Q8. What is the Boiling point of Calcium?
Q9. What is the Melting point of Calcium?
Q10. Write the Isotopes of Calcium.
Q11. Show Electronic configuration of Calcium.
Q12. Write Electronic Structure of Calcium.
Q13. What is the Valency of Calcium?
Q14. Write the uses of Calcium element.