32/4/1 2019 Class 10 Social Science Question Paper Solution
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SECTION A
1) Why did Frédéric Sorrieu present utopian vision in his prints in 1848 ? Explain one reason.
Ans: Frederic Sorrieu and utopian vision
i.) For creating Democratic and Social Republic.
ii.) For creating fraternity among nations of the world
iii.) For developing a sense of common identity and shared history
iv.) For carrying the expression of liberal hopes
Any one point to be explained.
OR
Why was the Tonkin Free School started in Vietnam ? Explain one reason.
Ans: Reasons for Tonkin Free School
i.) To provide western style education to Vietnamese based on
science ,hygiene and French
2) Why had some parents kept novels away from their children’s reach during 19th century in India ?
Ans: Parents kept novels away from their children’s reach
i.) To keep them away from the immoral influence of novels.
ii.) To keep them away from getting corruptible.
OR
Why had Englishmen demanded a clamp down on the ‘Vernacular Press’ in the 19th century ?
Ans: Vernacular Press
i.) Vernacular press was getting assertively nationalist
ii.) British considered it as a measure of stringent control.
3) Which type of soil is most suitable for growing the crop of cashew nut ?
Ans: Soil for the growth of Cashew nuts
Red Laterite soil
OR
Which type of soil in India is most widespread and important ?
Ans: Widespread soil in India
Alluvial soil
4) Name the country where ethnic struggle led to violence and revolt after 1956.
Ans: Srilanka
5) Explain the meaning of ‘Currency’.
Ans: Currency is the form of money-paper notes and coins.
OR
Explain the reason for necessity of supervision by the Reserve Bank of India of formal sources of loans.
Ans: Reason for the necessity of supervision by RBI
i.) To maintain cash balance.
ii.) RBI sees that bank gives loan not just to profit making business and traders.
iii.) To check how much banks are lending to whom and on what interest rates.
6) Analyse the contribution of communication technology in globalisation.
Ans: Communication Technology in the globalization process
i.) Technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers, Internet has been changing rapidly.
ii.) Telecommunication facilities like telegraph, telephone including mobile and fax are used to contact one another around the world.
iii.) Help to access the information.
iv.) Help to communicate from remote areas.
v.) Satellite communication devices have been facilitated.
vi.) Sharing of information through internet i.e email and voicemail at low cost.
7) Suppose you have to buy electrical equipments, which logo or mark of quality will you see on the equipments ?
Ans: ISI
SECTION B
8) Describe the role of Romanticism in developing nationalist feelings among Europeans during nineteenth century.
Ans: Romanticism
i.) Romantic artists and poets generally criticized the glorification of reason and science
ii.) They focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.
iii.) Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.
iv.) Other Romantics such as the German philosopher Johann Gottfried claimed that true German culture was to be
discovered among the common people – das volk.
v.) It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularised.
vi.) Collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was essential to the project of nation-building.
vii.) Any other relevant point.
To be assessed as a whole.
OR
Describe Hoa Hao movement as a mainstream nationalism of Vietnam.
Ans: The Hoa Hao Movement as mainstream nationalism in the 19th century
i.) The Hoa Hao.–It gained great popularity in the fertile Mekong delta area.
ii.) The founder of Hoa Hao was a man called Huynh Phu So
iii.) His criticism against useless expenditure had a wide appeal against child brides, gambling and the use of alcohol and opium.
iv.) The French tried to suppress the movement.
v.) They declared him mad, called him the Mad Bonze, the doctor who had to prove him insane became his followerand declared him sane.
vi.) The French authorities exiled him to Laos and sent many of his followers to concentration camps.
vii.) Any other relevant point.
9) ‘‘Issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in many printed tracts and essays in India in the late nineteenth century.’’ Support the statement with two suitable examples.
Ans: Issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in many
printed tracts and essays.
i.) Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha pioneer of ‘low caste’ protest movements, wrote about the injustices of the caste system in his Gulamgiri.
ii.) B.R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra wrote against caste system.
iii.) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in Madras wrote powerfully on caste and their writings were read by people all over India.
iv.) Local protest movements and sects also created a lot of popular journals and tracts criticizing ancient scriptures and envisioning a new and just future
v.) Any other relevant point.
OR
‘‘Premchand’s characters in different novels create a community based on democratic values.’’ Support the statement with two suitable examples.
Ans: ‘Premchand ‘s novel characters created a community based on
democratic values.’
i.) Premchand wrote on social aspects based on societal issues.
ii.) He began writing in Urdu and then shifted to Hindi
iii.) He drew on the traditional art of kissa-goi (storytelling).
iv.) His novel Sewasadan (The Abode of Service], lifted the Hindi novel from the realm of fantasy, moralising and simple entertainment to a serious reflection on the lives of ordinary people and social issues.
v.) Sewasadan deals mainly with the poor condition of women
in society.
vi.) Issues like child marriage and dowry are woven into the story of the novel.
vii.) The central character of his novel Rangbhoomi (The Arena), Surdas, is a visually impaired beggar from a so-called ‘untouchable’ caste.
viii.) Godan (The Gift of Cow) an epic of the Indian peasantry.
ix.) Any other relevant point.
10) ‘‘Multi-purpose projects and large dams have been the cause of many new social movements.’’ Highlight the concerns related to such movements.
Ans: Dams and Social Movements
i.) Regulating and damming of river have affected natural flow resulted in rockier stream beds.
ii.) Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to the large-scale displacement of local communities.
iii.) Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and their meager access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation.
iv.) It has transformed social landscape.
v.) It has increased gap between rich landowners and landless poor.
vi.) Dams have created conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from same water resources.
vii.) In Gujarat the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated.
viii.) Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’ etc
ix.) Interstate disputes due to dams are common.
OR
‘‘Traditional harvesting system is a useful system to conserve and store water.’’ Highlight the importance of this system with two examples.
Ans: Importance of Water harvesting system
i.) Water harvesting system is considered safe both socio[1]economically and environmentally.
ii.) It helps to fulfill the water needs of people.
iii.) It helps in irrigation.
iv.) It helps in recharging of ground water.
v.) It is the reliable source of drinking water when all other sources dry up.
vi.)It helps in the construction work.
vii.) In hill the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ ‘Rooftop rain water harvesting’ n Rajasthan.
viii.) In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan are the examples of water harvesting system.
11) Highlight any three differences between Kharif cropping season and Rabi cropping season.
Ans: Difference between Kharif cropping season and Rabi cropping
season –
Kharif cropping season
i.) Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon.
ii.) Harvested in September-October.
iii. Important crops- paddy, maize, jowar,bajra, tur, cotton,
jute, ground nuts etc.
iv.) Any other relevant point.
Rabi Cropping season –
i.) Rabi crops are sown in winters from October and November.
ii.) Harvested in summer from April and May.
iii.) Important crops – wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.
iv.) Any other relevant point.
12) Evaluate the strengths and limitations of local self-government in a democracy.
Ans: Strengths and Limitations of Local Self Government
Strengths
i.) Problems and issues are best settled at local level.
ii.) Many elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities etc., all over the country.
iii.) Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country.
iv.) It has also increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy.
v.) Any other relevant point
Limitations
i.) Elections of gram sabhas are not held regularly.
ii.) Most state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.
iii.) Adequate resources are not there with local govt.
iv.) Any other relevant poin
OR
Evaluate the power sharing system in India.
Ans: Power sharing System in India
i.) Power is shared among different organs of the govt. like legislature, executive and judiciary to maintain check and balance.( horizontal division)
ii.) Power is divided at different levels of the govt. like centre, state (federalism) and lower levels of the govt.
(decentralization) such as municipality and panchayatsadministration.( vertical division)
iii.) Power is shared among different social groups such as linguistic and religious groups
iv.) Power is divided among political, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.
v.) The three fold distributions of legislative powers aredivided between centre and state in the form of Union list
, state list, concurrent list. Residuary subjects are legislated by centre.
vi.) Jammu and Kashmir have given special status.(Art-370)
vii.) Control of Union Territories are with centre.
viii.)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained
13) ‘‘Democracy is the best way to accommodate social division.’’ Justify the statement.
Ans: Democracy is the best way to accommodate social division[1]
i.) This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances
ii.) They get the attention of government.
iii.) They can voice their demand in a peaceful and constitutional manner through elections
iv.) It helps to accommodate diversity.
v.) Any other relevant point
Any three to be explained
14) ‘‘Complaints are treated as testimony to the success of democracy.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Ans: ‘Complaints are itself a testimony to the success of democracy’.
i.) People look critically at power holders and the high & the mighty.
ii.) A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the democratic project
iii.) It transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.
iv.) Most individuals today believe that their vote makes a difference to the way the government is run and to their own self-interest.
v.) Any other relevant point
15) ‘‘Average income is useful for comparison but it may hide disparities.’’ Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Ans: While average income is useful for comparison but it may hide disparities’.
i.) Per capita income doesn’t tell us anything about the distribution of income.
ii.) A poor country with a more equal distribution of income would be better off than a richer country with unequal distribution of income.
iii.) Per capita income doesn’t measure various facilities & services that influence quality of life e.g. health facilities,
education facilities, equal treatment etc.
iv.) Even with a large national income, per capita income will be low if a country has large population.
v.) Any other relevant point
16) Explain any three reasons for the banks and cooperative societies to increase their lending facilities in rural areas.
Ans: Banks and Cooperative Societies
i.) Banks and cooperatives help to increase higher income.
ii.) It helps in borrowing things of their needs in cheap rates
iii.) Farmers could grow crops, do business, set up small-scale industries etc.
iv.) Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development.
v.) Most loans from informal lenders carry a very high interest rate and do little to increase the income of the borrowers.
vi.) It reduces the dependence on informal sources of credit.vii.) Any other relevant point.
17) Assess any three advantages of globalisation.
Ans: Advantages of globalization
i.) Greater choice before consumers
ii.) Consumers enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products.
iii.) People enjoy much higher standards of living
iv.) Newer technology and production methods
v.) Companies supplying raw materials, etc. to these industries have prospered.
vi.) Globalization has enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals themselves -Tata Motors
(automobiles), Infosys (IT), Ranbaxy (medicines), Asian Paints (paints),etc.
vii.) Any other relevant point
OR
Assess any three advantages of multinational corporations.
Ans: Advantages of MNCs
i.) MNCs have provided improved quality and lower prices goods.
ii.) New jobs have been created by MNCs.
iii.) New technology and new methods of production.
iv.) Host of services like accounting, administrative task, engineering are now being done cheaply due to MNCs efforts.
v.) People enjoy high standards of living and facilities due to
MNCs
vi.) Any other relevant point.
18) Describe the importance of the ‘Right to Information (RTI)’ for consumers.
Ans: Importance of the RTI for consumers
i.) Consumers have the right to be informed about the particulars of goods and services that they purchase.
ii.) Consumers can complain and ask for compensation or replacement if the product proves to be defective in any
manner.
iii.) The Right to Information has been expanded to cover various services provided by the Government.
iv.) RTI ensures citizens all the information about the functions of government departments.
v.) Any other relevant point.
OR
Describe the importance of the ‘Right to Seek Redressal’ for consumers.
Ans: Importance of the Right to seek Redressal for consumers
i.) Consumers can redress against unfair trade practices and exploitation.
ii.) People get compensation depending upon the degree of damage.
iii.) Consumer forums or consumer protection council have been formed for redressal.
iv.) A three –tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for redressal of
consumer disputes (the national level court, the state level court, the district level court.
v.) Any other relevant point.
SECTION C
19) Describe the condition of indentured labour that migrated from India during the nineteenth century.
Ans: Indian indentured labour migrants.
i.) Indentured labours were the bonded labourers under contract work for employer for specific amount of time.
ii.)Hundreds of thousands of Indian labourers went to work on plantation, in mines, roads and railway projects around the world.
iii.)They were hired and promised return travel to India after five years of work.
iv.)They came from eastern UP, Bihar, Central India and dry areas of Tamil Nadu.
v.)The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands (mainly Trinidad, Guyana and Surinam), Mauritius and Fiji. Tamil migrants went to Ceylon and Malaya.
vi.)Recruitment was done by agents and tempted the prospective migrants by providing false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, and living and working conditions. It was described as new system of slavery.
vii.)Their living and working conditions were harsh.
viii.)They were very few legal rights.
ix.)They developed new forms of individual and collective self[1]expression, blending different cultural forms, old and new like ‘Hosay’ ,Rastafarianism ‘Chutney music’.
OR
Describe the role of early entrepreneurs of India in the development of industries.
Ans: The Indian industrialists / entrepreneurs in 18 th& 19 th centuries
i.) Dwarakanath Tagore-He invested in shipping, shipbuilding,
mining, banking, plantations and insurance in 1830’s. These were his six joint-stock companies. He traded with China also.
ii.) Parsis like Dinshah Petit traded with many countries
iii.) J N Tata who built huge industrial empires in India, accumulated their initial wealth partly from exports to China,
and partly from raw cotton shipments to England.
iv.) Seth Hukumchand and father and grandfather of G.D. Birla traded with China in 18 th& 19 th centuries.
v.) Other Indian traders also traded with many countries
vi.) Any other relevant point
OR
Describe the ‘land reclamation’ process in Bombay during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries.
Ans: Land Reclamation process in Bombay –
i.) The seven islands of Bombay were joined into one landmass
ii.) The earliest project began in 1784. The Bombay governor William Hornby approved the building of the great sea wall which prevented the flooding of the low-lying areas of Bombay. Since then, there have been several reclamation projects.
iii.) The need for additional commercial space in the mid[1]nineteenth century led to the formulation of several plans, both by government and private companies, for the reclamation of more land from the sea.
iv.) Private companies became more interested in taking financial risks.
v.) In 1864, the Back Bay Reclamation Company won the right to reclaim the western foreshore from the tip of Malabar Hill to the end of Colaba.
vi.) Reclamation often meant the levelling of the hills around Bombay.
vii.) By the 1870s, although most of the private companies closed down due to the mounting cost, the city had expanded to about 22 square miles.
viii.) As the population continued to increase rapidly in the early twentieth century, every bit of the available area was built over and new areas were reclaimed from the sea.
ix.) A successful reclamation project was undertaken by the Bombay Port Trust, which built a dry dock between 1914 and 1918 and used the excavated earth to create the 22-acre Ballard Estate.
x.) The famous Marine Drive of Bombay was developed.
20) Why did Mahatma Gandhi start the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’ ? How did this movement unite the country ? Explain.
Ans: Reasons of the Civil Disobedience Movement
i.) Mahatma Gandhi was against the all white Simon Commission which came to look into the functioning of
constitutional system.
ii.) Congress and Gandhiji were against the Lord Irwin’s vague offer of dominion status for India in an unspecified future.
iii.) Lahore Session of Congress 1929 demanded Purna Swaraj.
iv.) Gandhiji was against the salt tax which was introduced by Britishers to establish their monopoly.
v.) Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
vi.) he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. Some of these were of general interest; others were specific demands of different classes, from industrialists to peasants.
vii.) The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.
How did this movement unite the country
i.) Mahatma Gandhi started Salt Satyagraha accompanying his volunteers from Sabarmati till Dandi.
ii.) People were asked to refuse cooperation with the Britishers.
iii.) People demonstrated in front of government’s all factories.
iv.) Foreign clothes were boycotted.
v.) Peasants refuse to pay revenue and taxes.
vi.) Forests laws were violated.
vii.) Rich peasant communities ,Poor peasants, Business class,Women participated in protest marches.
OR
Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’ ? How did this movement unite the country ? Explain.
Ans: Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji
i.) Gandhiji decided to launch satyagraha against Rowlatt Act which allows detention of Indians without trial.
ii.) Gandhiji was against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
iii.) Gandhiji wanted broad based movement for bringing Hindu Muslim closer through the Khilafat Andolan .
iv.) In INC Sessions-Calcutta and Nagpur he convinced leaders to start Non Co-operation Movement.
v.) Any other relevant point.
How did this movement unite the country
i.) People joined non co-operation movement.
ii) People surrendered titles and awards.
iii.) People boycotted civil services, courts, schools.
iv.) People boycotted foreign goods.
v.) Thousands of students left schools and colleges.
vi.) Teachers resigned.
vii.) Peasants, tribal peasants and plantation workers also joined the satyagraha
21) Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and around Chotanagpur region.
Ans: Chotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.
i.) Availability of low cost of iron ore.
ii.) Availability of high grade raw materials in proximity
iii.) Availability of Cheap labour.
iv.) Vast growth potential in the home market.
v.) Finished products also need an efficient transport network for their distribution to the markets and consumers.
vi.) Any other relevant point.
22) Explain the importance of means of transport as a prerequisite for the development of a country.
Ans: Importance of Transport
i.) Transport can classify into land, water and air transport.
ii.) The world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
iii.) Transport helps in the development of communication.
iv.) It help us in interacting with other in all the parts of the world
v.) It has brought the world closer.
vi.) Transport like railways help us in conducting various activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and
transportation of goods over longer distances.
vii.) Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil and natural gas to refineries and factories.
viii.) Water provides the cheapest means of transport and is useful for international trade.
ix.) Air transport provides the fastest, most comfortable mode of transport.
x.) Any other relevant point.
23) Describe the different ways through which women face discrimination and oppression in India.
Ans: Indian women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression
i.) Women still lag behind men in many fields.
ii.) Women face discrimination due to patriarchal system.
iii.) Low literacy rate among women
iv.) High drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys’ education rather than spending equally on their daughters.
v.) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small.
vi.) Much of her work is not paid
vii.) Few parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born.
viii.) Women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
ix.) There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence against women.
x.) Urban areas have become particularly unsafe for women.
xi.) Any other relevant point.
24) Explain the role of Political Parties in a democracy.
Ans: Role of Political Parties in democracy
i.) Parties contest elections
ii.) Elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties.
iii.) Parties put forward different policies and programmes
and the voters choose from them.
iv.) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
v.) Parties form and run governments.
vi.) Parties recruit leaders, trains them and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.
vii.) Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power, by voicing different
views and criticizing government for its failures or wrong policies.
viii.) Parties shape public opinion.
ix.) Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments.
x.) Any other relevant point.
OR
Explain the necessity of Political Parties in a democracy.
Ans: Necessity or utility of Political Parties
i.) Elected representative will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality.
ii.) The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies.
iii.) In large and complex societies some agency is needed to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.
iv.) They are needed to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government could be formed.
v.) They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government,
vi.) To make policies, justify or oppose them.
vii.) Parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.
viii.) Any other relevant point.
25) Highlight the contribution of public sector in the economic development of a country.
Ans: Contribution of Public Sector
i.) Construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams
etc are being done y the public sector.
ii.) Government have to undertake such heavy spending and ensure that these facilities are available for everyone.
iii.) Government take steps by producing and supplying electricity at affordable rates .
iv.) Government provide wheat and rice from farmers at a ‘fair price’
v.) Providing health and education facilities for all is the responsibility of government.
vi.) Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly elementary education, is the duty of the
government.
vii.) Government also pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water,
housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition.
viii.) The government take care of the poorest and most ignored regions of the country through increased
spending in such areas.
ix.) Any other relevant point.
SECTION D
26) (A) Two features ‘a’ and ‘b’ are marked on the given political outline map of India (on page 11). Identify these
features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked near them :
(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
(b) The place from where Gandhiji organized Satyagraha in favourof Indigo planters.
(B) Locate and label any three of the following with appropriate symbols
on the same given political outline map of India :
(i) Tarapur – Nuclear Power Plant
(ii) Tungabhadra – Dam
(iii) Mohali – Software Technology Park
(iv) Kandla – Major Sea Port
(v) Durgapur – Iron and Steel Plant
Ans:
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