SEBA Board Solution Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Geography of India
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Geography of India full exercise Solution by Geography Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 all Question Answer Solution.
SEBA Board Solution Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Geography of India full exercise Solution by Geography Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 all Question Answer Solution.
Class |
9 |
Medium |
English |
Subject |
Social Science – Geography |
Chapter |
3 |
Chapter Name |
Geography of India |
Topic |
Solution |
1.) Write about the geographical location of India.
2.) What is the total length of Indian coastlines?
3.) What is the total length of the land boundaries of India.
4.) Write a short note on Indian landmass.
5.) Write down four points of differences between the North and the South Indian rivers.
6.) What are the physiographic division of India?
7.) What are the characteristics of the Northern Himalayan Mountain Region of India?
8.) Describe the characteristics of the North Indian Plain.
9.) Describe the characteristics of the Deccan Plateau.
10.) Mention the characteristics of the Coastal Region of India.
11.) Write down the characteristics of the climate of India.
12.) Write a note on the impact of monsoons in India.
13.) Outline the pattern of rainfall distribution in India.
14.) Write about the types of the vegetations of India.
15.) What are the characteristics of the Evergreen vegetation of India?
16.) Write about the characteristics of the Mountain Vegetation of India.
17.) What is the total population of India at present?
18.) What are the different types of migration?
19.) What are the impacts of migration on India?
20.) Write down the main features of Indian economy.
21.) What are the Union Territories of India?
22.) How many states are there in India at present and name those.
23.) Name the latest state formed in India. Write the area and population of it.
Solution:
1.) India is located in the southern part of the Asian continent. India is bounded by the Himalayas in the North and by the Indian Ocean in the South. The Bay of Bengal is situated in the East and the Arabian Sea in the West. India’s neighbors are China in the North, Myanmar in the East, Pakistan in the West, Sri Lanka in the South. The country is situated 8°4’28” N and 37°17’53” N latitudes and 68°7’33” E and 97°24’47” E longitudes. The latitude known as the Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) divides the country into two equal parts. The southern part of the country is situated between the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west.
2.) The total length of Indian coastlines is about 6100 km along the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west and Indian Ocean in the South.
3.) India has a total of 15,200 km long land boundaries along Pakistan in the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the North, China in the east and Bangladesh and Myanmar in the south-east.
4.) India is a vast country; it is the seventh largest country in terms of size in the world. It occupies 2.4 % of the total area of the earth. The landmass extends from Kashmir to the Cape Comorin in its north-south extension and Arunachal Pradesh to Saurashtra in its east-west extension. The landmass of the country from north to south is 3214 km and the east to west is 2933 km.
5.) The four points of difference between the north and south Indian rivers are: –
i.) The Northern rivers have water flows throughout the year, they originate from the high snow-capped mountains. The Southern rivers flow from mountains and plateaus of low height and get dried up during winter.
ii.) The Himalayan or Northern rivers have three distinct courses- upper, middle and lower course. The Southern rivers are not divided into such distinct courses.
iii.) The valleys of the North-Indian rivers are wide, rivers have long courses in the plain regions, they flow slowly and hence navigable. The valleys of the South-Indian rivers are narrow, rivers flow in the rapid manner and not navigable.
iv.) The plains and valleys of the North-Indian rivers have fertile soil; thus, the banks are densely populated. The Southern rivers do not make much fertile plains and valleys and not much population are settled near the banks.
6.) India is a land of diverse physiographic divisions. Different types of landforms are found here like mountains, hills, plateaus, plains etc Depending on the structure and characteristics, the country can be divided into main four divisions: the Northern Himalayas, the Northern Plains, the Deccan Plateau, the Thar Desert andthe Coastal regions. The Arabian Sea, The Bay of Bengal are also important part of the physiographic divisions of India.
7.) Characteristics of the Northern Himalayan Mountain Region of India: –
The Himalayas are the loftiest mountains of the world, The Himalayas with all its branches is known as the Himalayan Mountain system. The mountain system extends over India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Himalayan region of India is situated in the northern part of the country extending from the Nanga Parbat of Kashmir to the easternmost border of the Arunachal Pradesh. The Himalayas have a length of about 2,500 km, width of about 240 km to 500 km and covers an area of about 5,00,000 kms. Its height is about 8,000m. The Himalayas were formed during the Tertiary period, the rocks are easily erodible and the rivers carry enormous amount of sediments. The Himalayas have acquired its present shape, size and height during mountain building processes for about last 7 million years. These mountains are covered with snow and the glaciers originate from these snow peak mountains. The Himalayas ranges are divided into three parallel ranges: the Higher Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas and the Outer Himalayas. The Northern Himalayas stand as barrier to the cold wind and the North India is not affected by severe coldness.
8.) The Northern Plain region lies between the Himalayan ranges in the north and the Deccan Plateau in the South. The extension of the plain is from Assam in the east to the Indo-Pakistan border in the west. Its total length is 2400km. This area is mainly known as Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra plain. The width of Indo-Ganga Plain varies from 240 km to 320 km and the width varies of the Brahmaputra plain is about 80 km. The entire area of the northern plain is about 7,00,000 sq.km. The Northern Plain consists of five plains- the Western Plain, Punjab-Haryana plain, Ganga Plain, North -Bengal plain and Brahmaputra Plain. The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra are three main rivers in the Northern Plains.
9.) The Deccan plateau is located in the south of the North Indian Plain. It is triangular in shape and made up of hard igneous rocks. The Deccan plateau region includes Malwa Plateau and Vindhya Mountains on the north side and the Vindhya ranges on the north-east. The plateau is divided in the northern and southern parts by the Vindhyas, Satpura, Mahadev and Mahakal mountains. The northern part of the Deccan Plateau is less broad and Malwa and Chota Nagpur plateaus. The southern part of the Deccan Plateau is extensive and broad and extends from the Satpura, Mahadev and Mahakal mountains to Cape Comorin. The Deccan Plateau is bordered by the Western Ghats on the west and the Eastern Ghats on the east.
10.) The coastal region of India acts as the eastern and western boundary of the country along the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea respectively. Its height between 30m and 50m from the mean sea level. The coastal region is narrow and long and can be divided into eastern and western coastal regions. The eastern coastal plain is situated between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, extends from the mouth of the Ganges to the Cape Comorin and is about 1,100 km long and 120 km wide. The northern coast of East Coast is known as the Northern Circars and the southern part is known as the Coromandal Coast. The Western Coastal Plain is situated between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats extending from the Gulf of Combay in the north to the Cape Comorin in the south, it is about 1500 km and the width ranges from 10 to 15 km. The southern part of the Western Coast is known as Konkan and the southern part is known as the Malabar Coast. The island groups are also an important part of the coastal areas of the country. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea are two island groups.
11.) India is a vast nation and the climate of the country depends on many factors like temperature, wind, atmospheric pressure and humidity in the country. The climate also varies depending on the vastness of the country, distance from the equator and the sea, physiographic differences, altitude and effect of the monsoon. The climate also changes due to the variations in the temperature of the different latitudes. The Tropic of Cancer divides the country in two equal parts – the northern part is in the temperate climate zone and the southern part is in the tropical climate zone. The southern part is warmer than the northern part. The different physical features of the nation also affect the climate of the country. Places having similar latitudes enjoy variations in the temperature, atmospheric- pressure, rainfall, humidity etc along-with different climate. Example: Agra and Darjeeling are in similar latitude but have different types of climates because of the difference in their altitudes. Places near the sea have variation in climate and temperature, summers and winter temperatures are not very high.
12.) The monsoon has a significant impact on our country. Monsoons blow in different pattern in different seasons, summer monsoons are different from winter monsoons. During the summer season, the south -west monsoons have prevalence, the wind blows from the south-west, carrying huge amount of water vapour from the Arabian Sea and hits the Western Ghats and causes rainfall. The western coast like the Konkan and the Malabar coasts receive more than 300 cm of rainfall in a year. The south -west wind now crossing over the Bay of Bengalagain absorbs enormous amount of moisture and blows towards Assam and North-east part of the country. Upon reaching Meghalaya plateau, it causes heavy rainfall of about 1250 cm. It slowly moves towards Assam and further north where it faces obstruction from the foothills of the Himalayas causing heavy rainfall in Assam. In winters, the north-east monsoons start blowing, cold winds from the central Asia flows into India from north -east direction. The wind while blowing over the Bay of Bengal carries the moisture. When it gets obstructed by the Eastern Ghats, it causes rainfall on the east coast especially on the Coromandal Coast.
13.) In India, the distribution of rainfall is not uniform over all the places. The south-west monsoons cause more rainfall. The average rainfall (more than 300 cm) in the areas like Himalayan foothills of North-Eastern region, southern parts of the Meghalaya plateau and western slopes of the Western Ghats. The highest rainfall takes place in the outer Himalayan ranges of Arunachal Pradesh, about more than 400 cm of average rainfall. On the other hand, Thar desert of Rajasthan receives about 50 cm average rainfall. The northern and western parts of Deccan plateau and areas around Gujarat also receives less rainfall around 50 cm to 100 cm. Rainfall of medium range between 100cand 200 cm occur in the areas of the northern plains including Brahmaputra plain.
14.) The various types of vegetations in India are as follows: –
- Evergreen Vegetations-These vegetation are found in the regions like Western slopes of western Ghats, Himalayan foothills of Arunachal Pradesh, Upper Assam Region, and the hills of Manipur and Mizoram and Andaman Islandwhich have annual rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperature between 25°C to 27°C.Tall and big trees like cane, bamboo, ferns and creepers of various kinds are found here. Trees like sisum, sandal, rubber etc.
- Monsoonal Vegetations- These vegetations grow in most of the regions of India like Madhya Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh some parts of Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and eastern parts of Deccan Plateau which experience average rainfall between 100cm and 200 cm and temperature about 27°C. These vegetations are dependent on monsoon and with onset of winter, as the soil gets dry these trees shed leaves. Most important trees are Sal, Teak. Siris, Simul, Sisu and varieties of bamboos.
c.) Dry Thorny Vegetations- These vegetations grow in the regions with average annual rainfall of less than 50cm and high temperature. The soil is sandy and water content is very less. As a result, these vegetations have thorny leaves. Regions like Western part of the Thar Desert Rajasthan, south-western part of Punjab has Thorny Vegetation. Acacia, different types of cactus, date, palm etc are the major trees of drylands and deserts.
d.) Grassland Vegetations- Certain grassland vegetations are found in India in regions having an average rainfall between 50cm to 100 cm. The grassland vegetations like short grasses, thorny bushes are found in Punjab, eastern part of Rajasthan, central plains of Uttar Pradesh in Northern India, central parts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, some parts of Maharashtra of Deccan Plateau. The wet and waterlogged environment of the Terai region of the Himalayan foothills also have these types vegetations. Thatches, canes, reeds, trees like Khair, Simul etc are found.
e.) Mangrove Vegetations- These vegetations are found in the coastal delta regions like Gulf of Kachchh, the delta region of the Ganga-Brahmaputra -the Sundarbans,deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers. Sundari, Date Palm, Coconut and Bushy plants etc are found in these vegetations.
- ) Mountain Vegetation- Altitude has a big impact on the type of vegetations that grow.Rainfall, temperature, soil qualities all are affected by the altitude variations. The mountain vegetations are very different from other kind of vegetations. There are also varieties of vegetations on the hills and mountains on the Himalayas. Trees like Oak, Deodar and other varieties of coniferous trees are found in this region.
15.) Characteristics of the Evergreen Vegetation in India-These vegetations are found in the regions like Western slopes of western Ghats, Himalayan foothills of Arunachal Pradesh, Upper Assam Region, and the hills of Manipur and Mizoram and Andaman Island which have annual rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperature between 25°C to 27°C.Tall and big trees like cane, bamboo, ferns and creepers of various kinds are found here. The trees do not shed their leaves in any season of the year. Valuable trees like sisum, sandal, rubber etc. They form thick forests.
16.) Characteristics of the Mountain Vegetation in India-Altitude has a big impact on the type of vegetations that grow.Rainfall, temperature, soil qualities all are affected by the altitude variations. The mountain vegetations are very different from other kind of vegetations. There are also varieties of vegetations on the hills and mountains on the Himalayas. Outer Himalayas have an average height of 1000 m are covered with thick monsoonal forests like Sal, Bamboos. Trees like Oak, Deodar and other varieties of coniferous trees are found in the region between 1000m and 2000m.In Himalayan Mountain regions of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, Darjeeling and Sikkim with altitude of 1600 m to 3000 m coniferous forests are found.
17.) The total population of India is +++1.428 billion. Presently India is the most populous country in the world. The population structure of the country has a mixture of social groups like Austro-Asiatic, Mongolian, Aryan and Dravidian group of people. The social relationship of the people of this country is very rich due to mixing of many communities, tribes, clans, language, culture and religion.
- Movement of people from one pace to another and resultant change of their residence is known as Migration. The migration takes place due to various reasons. Change of profession, better resources etc cause migration. Migration can take place between cities within a country or also from one country to another. The different types of Migration are as follows:
a.) Internal migration- The migration that takes place within a country is known as internal migration. It is of two types – Inter -state migration which takes place between two states and Intra -state migration which takes place among the districts or regions of a state.
b.) External migration- Migration that takes place between India and other foreign nations is known as External migration. This is also known as international migration. When people migrate from India to another foreign country it is known as International migration.
19.) Migration in India has a very deep effect. International migration causes more problems in India. Many social, economic, environmental and political changes take place due to migration. Most important effects of migration are:
a.) Many communities, religions and languages have increased in number and new cultures have also evolved.
b.) Changes in the economic sector and expansion of trade and commerce have taken place due to migration.
c.) The demographic structure of the country also changes due to migration, population growth, density and literacy rates change.
d.) Religious, social and political problems also occur, slums increase in cities which have unhygienic living conditions causing pollution.
20.) The Indian government requires to concentrate on the various socio-economic issues that are faced by the people of the nation. The government has executed many five-year economic plans for the economic development of the country. The main characteristics of the Indian economy are a. Low per capita income, b. Slow growth of per capita income, c. Excessive pressure of population, d. poverty, e. Dependence on agriculture, f. Growing unemployment problem, g. Planning based development.
21.) India is a vast nation with 28 states and 8 union territories. The Union Territories of India are Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir , Puducherry, Lakshadweep, Delhi, Chandigarh , Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
22.) India, at present has 28 states which are Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
23.) Telangana was the latest state formed in India. It was the 29th state of India and came into being on the 2nd of June 2014. The state has an area of 1,12,077 sq.km and has a population of 40,1 million. The region was part of Hyderabad state from September 17,1948 to November 1, 1956 and then merged with Andhra Pradesh.