SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Economic Development
SEBA Board Solution Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Economic Development full exercise Solution by Social Science Economics Sir. Here on this page we have provided SEBA – The Board Of Secondary Education, Assam Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 all Question Answer Solution.
Board |
SEBA / Assam State Board |
Class |
10 |
Medium |
English Medium |
Subject |
Social Science Economics |
Chapter |
2 |
Chapter Name |
Economic Development |
Topic |
Solution |
Very Short Answer Type Question:
Answer in one sentence :–
1.) Economic growth- Economic growth is basically a quantitative concept that relates to growth in output and, in particular, growth in per capita income.
2.) Economic development – Economic development is basically a qualitative concept which includes the quantitative concept i.e., economic growth and also changes in areas or sectors which are economically and socially significant.
3.) Human development – Human development means the expansion of collective choice of the people.
4.) Economic planning – Economic planning is an instrument to attain a set of well defined objectives within a definite time period as determined by a central planning agency.
5.) Democratic planning- In democratic planning the people participate in the different stages of plan making and it ensures decentralisation of power.
6.) Liberalisation – Economic liberalisation means lessening of the degree of state control in the economic system of a country.
7.) Privatisation – Privatisation is opening up of the sector units to the private sector.
8.) Globalisation – Globalisation means the integration of the economy of a nation with the economies of the rest of the world and it is the result of privatisation and liberalisation of the economy.
Short answer type questions :
1.) Mention two important points of difference between economic growth and economic development.
Ans – Two points of difference between economic growth and economic development are as follows:
i) Economic development is basically a qualitative concept. It includes the quantitative concept i.e., economic growth and also changes in areas or sectors which are economically and socially significant. Economic growth is a narrow concept; economic development is a broader concept.
ii) There may be economic growth without economic development. But, there cannot be economic development without economic growth.
2.) What are the three indices of human development?
Ans – The three indices of human development are as follows:
i) Life expectancy- Life expectancy is the number of years that a child is expected to survive at the time of birth. The average of life expectancy is then worked out. In the developed countries, life expectancy is higher as the public health services are better. In the underdeveloped countries the life expectancy is low as the public health services are rather poor.
ii) ) Literacy- The level of literacy include adult literacy and the gross enrolment ratio of primary and secondary education and other branches.
iii) Standard of living- It basically refers to accessibility of clean drinking water and sanitation.
3.) What is meant by extension of collective choice?
Ans – Extension of collective choice ensures decentralisation of power. There are three layers of administration in India central government, state governments and local bodies (Panchayats, Municipalities etc). At each level, the plan schemes are discussed by the representatives of the people. As the representatives of the people formulate and discuss schemes at the lowest level of administration (local bodies), it is known as grassroot planning.
4.) Mention four important objectives of India’s Five Year Plans.
Ans- The four important objectives of India’s Five Year Plans are as follows:
(i) to raise the rate of economic growth,
(ii) to give importance to the application of modern technology,
(iii) to attain self-reliance
(iv) to secure social justice.
5.) Who are the members of NITI Aayog?
Ans- The members of NITI Aayog are- The Chariman of NITI Aayog is the Prime Minister of India. The other members of NITI Aayog are the Vice-Chairman, Chief Ministers of states, Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories, four Central Ministers, Chief Executive Officer and the experts from different fields.
6.) Explain one of the main points of difference between the first phase of planning in India (1951-52 to 1990-91) and the second phase (1991-92 to the present day).
Ans – One of the main points of difference between the first phase of planning in India (1951-52 to 1990-91) and the second phase (1991-92 to the present day) is – In the first period of planning (1951-52 to 1990-91), the public sector was the leading sector in the economy. The role of the private sector was secondary.But in the second phase of planning in India which covers the period 1991-92 to the present day, the importance of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation has increased and the importance of the public sector, to that extent, has declined.
7.) Briefly explain the three main causes of the introduction of economic reform measures in India.
Ans – The three main causes of the introduction of economic reform measures in India are as follows:
i) First, the aggregate public expenditure exceeded the aggregate public revenue which resulted in a huge fiscal deficit. The amount of public expenditure in the public sector was rising over the years but the vast majority of public sector undertakings incurred heavy losses and hence, the returns to public expenditure were low.
ii) Secondly, the high rate of inflation had unfavourable impact on the Indian economy. Socially and economically backward people with limited income were badly hit by the price rise.
iii) Third, India’s balance of payments position was highly disturbing. The inflow of funds into India was on the decline. On the contrary, there was an outflow of capital from India. In such a situation the world Bank recommended structural changes in the Indian economy.
8.) Mention three benefits of economic reforms in India.
Ans – Three benefits of economic reforms in India are as follows:
i) First, there has been a rise in the rate of growth of the economy. The annual rate of growth in 2005-06, 2006-07 and 2007-08 was 9.5 per cent, 9.7 per cent and 9.2 per cent respectively which was much higher than the growth rate achieved earlier.
ii) Secondly, the wholesale price index has shown a downward trend.
iii) Thirdly, the foreign currency reserves with the Reserve Bank of India have increased considerably. This amount was $328.7 billion (1 billion = 100 crore or 1000 million) in 2015 (march). This reserve can finance seven months of import into India.
9.) Briefly explain two problems of economic reforms in India.
Ans- The two problems of economic reforms in India are as follows:
i) First, both the extent and the intensity of competition have increased. But unless more purchasing power comes to the hands of the common man, the benefits of economic reform will be limited.
ii) Secondly, excessive consumerism may lead to the erosion of social values where money power will be all pervading.
10.) Mention five important objectives of Assam’s Twelfth Five Year Plan.
Ans- Five important objectives of Assam’s Twelfth Five Year Plan are as follows:
i) To raise the rate of growth of the Assam economy to 10 per cent in the next two to three decades in order to remove the gap between Assam economy and the economy of the development states in India.
ii) To adopt various schemes for poverty removal.
iii)To tackle the problem of flood and erosion with the latest technology and scientific management.
iv) To raise the annual rate of growth of agriculture from 6 per cent to 8 per cent
v) To achieve self-sufficiency in power generation and to apply modem technology in power supply and distribution.
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