PSEB Punjab Board Class 9 Social Science Economics Textbook Solution Chapter 1 Story of a Village Exercise Questions and Answers
Sr. No 1 – Story of a village
Exercise
A.) Objective Answer type Questions
1.) Fill in the Blanks
(i) Human wants are……………………………………….
(ii) ……………………….bears risk.
(iii) ………………….. is a natural factor of production.
(iv) To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during a year is known as……………………..
(v) Punjab is known as……………………..of country.
(vi) Some labourers who migrate from one state to other state for work are called……………………..
Answer:-
i) Study of economics
ii) An entrepreneur
iii) Land
iv)Multiple cropping.
v)Food Basket.
vi)Migrant labourers
2.) Multiple Choice Questions
(i.) Which factor of production is immobile?
(a) Land
(b) Labour
(c) Capital
(d) Entrepreneur
Answer:-a) land
(ii.) Economic activity which is concerned with increasing utility or value of the goods and services is called :
- Production
- Consumption
- Distribution
- Labour
Answer:- a) Production
(iii.) Extraordinary increase in agriculture production especially in wheat and rice is called ……………..
(a) Green Revolution
(c) Rice Revolution
(b) Wheat Revolution
(d) White Revolution
Answer :- a) Green Revolution
(iv.) What is the currency of England known as?
(a) Rupees
(b) Dollar
(c) Yen
(d) Pound
Answer:- d) Pound
3.) True/False
(i) Supply of land is limited.
(ii) Limited wants of human beings are satisfied by unlimited resources.
(iii) Supply of labour cannot be increased or decreased.
(iv) Entrepreneur bears risks
(v) Work done by machines and animals is called labour.
(vi) When price of goods in the market is high then the demand for these goods is also high.
Answer:-
i) True
ii) False
iii) False
iv)True
v)False
vi) False
4.) Very Short Answer type Questions
(i) What is the meaning of economics?
Answer:-Economics is the study of unlimited human wants and the activities done to satisfy these unlimited wants with limited and scarce resources.
(ii) Which is the main productive activity of the villages of India?
Answer:- The main productive activity of the villages of India is farming
(iii) Name two sources of irrigation in the villages?
Answer:- Canals and tube wells are two sources of irrigation in the villages
(iv) What is the meaning of labour in Economics?
Answer:- ‘Labour’ means all human efforts, physical as well as mental, done for the sake of monetary gain in economics
(v) The activity done by a mother while teaching her son is considered labour or not?
Answer:- No, the activity done by mother while teaching her son is not considered labour
(vi) In what form do the labourers get their wages?
Answer:-Labourers can get their wages in cash or in kind, for example, rice, wheat etc.
(vii) Give two non-farm activities done by the villagers of a village?
Answer:- Dairy, poultry farming are two non-farm activities done by the villagers of a village
(viii) Write any one feature of land?
Answer:-Land is a free gift of nature is one of the feature of land
(ix) Why do labourers migrate from one state to other state?
Answer:-Labourers get work in their own village during sowing and harvesting season. During the other seasons they move to the nearby villages and work as rickshaw puller, chowkidar, Hawkers or as a labourer with a mason in any construction work. This way labourers migrate from one state to another state foe employment.
(x) Why do farmers burn stubble?
Answer:-After harvesting rice crop and before sowing of wheat crop, the famers are forced to burn this stubble due to non-availability of any quick solution for themanagement of solid waste.
B.) Short Answer type Questions
1.) Why do we study Economics?
Answer:- We study economics to understand the human needs and the ways to satisfy human needswith limited and scarce resources. Once we understand and study about the unlimited human wants, on basis of it we understand and study what activities to carried out to satisfy these wants through limited resources.
2.) What is an economic activity? Give one example.
Answer:-
- Economic activities are those which are concerned with consumption, production, exchange and distribution of wealth.
- The utility or value of the goods and services is increased by economic activity of production.
- The aim of production is to produce the goods and services which we need to satisfy our wants. For example, Carpenter makes atable, chair, sofa set etc. from wood; Potter makes utensils from clay; Blacksmith makes equipments from iron; Sweet maker make varieties of sweets from milk, wheat flour, gram flour etc.
- In these activities the utility and prices of wood, clay, iron, milk, wheat flour and gram flour has increased and this whole process is called production.
3.) What is Multiple Cropping? Explain it.
Answer :-
- Multiple Cropping is to grow more than one crop on a piece of land during a year. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.
- This is possible by electric tube wells and continuous power supply being provided to the farmers. A small water canal also passes by the village which provides water for agriculture.
4.) Explain two different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land.
Answer:-
- One way is to grow more than one crop on a piece of land during a year, known as multiple cropping.
- Second way is to use modern farming methods If the farmers use high yielding varieties of seeds, adequate amount of chemical or bio-fertilizers, pesticides, improved agriculture implements etc., then yield of crops per hectare can be increased to a great extent.
5.) What is Green Revolution? How was it possible?
Answer:-
The year 1966-67 was the initial year of Green Revolution when there was an extraordinary increase in agriculture production especially in wheat and rice. This was made possible due to the adoption of new techniques of HYV seeds, more use of chemical fertilizers, more irrigations facilities etc.
6.) What are the adverse effects of modern farming methods and tube well irrigation on land?
Answer:-
The adverse effects of modern farming methods and tube well irrigation on land are:
- The modern farming methods have reduced its soil fertility.
- By the use of modern farming methods total crop yield may increase during the initial stage but it will gradually decrease with the increased use of chemical fertilizers.
- The water table below the ground is reducing by the continuous use of water for irrigation by tubewells. Reducing underground water level is a serious problem in Punjab.
- Every year the farmers of Punjab have to dig their tubewells deeper.
7.) In what way is the land distributed amongst the farmers of a villages?
Answer:-
- About 20 families posses majority of the land in the village and 100 families posses medium size agriculture fields. Some families posses very small size fields while there are 50 such families who posses no agriculture land at all.
- On the other hand, farmers who posses more than 10 hectares of land or even more are able to use improved irrigation system.
- Most of the farmers in India have very small land holdings for agriculture. The average size of their agriculture farms is 2-3 hectares.
- In India, about 70% of the farms are even less than 2 hectares land in size
8.) Give two sources of labour for farming in the village?
Answer:-
The two sources of labour for farming in the village are , Small farmers with family themselves cultivate, big landlords keeps landless people for cultivation
9.) Explain the difference between economic and non-economic activities?
Answer:-
Difference between economic and non-economic activities are
Economic Activities | Non-Economic Activities |
1. Every human being does some activities to satisfy his unlimited wants by using limited and scarce resources. These activities are called economic activities. | 1. All those human activities which are not economically profitable are called non-economic activities. |
2. These activities are undertaken to earn wealth. | 2. These activities are undertaken not for earning wealth. |
3. For example, a teacher teaching in school, doctor treating the patients etc. Both the doctor and the teacher are getting income for the services provided by them. | 3. For example, a teacher teaching his son at home, a mason repairing his own house etc |
4. Economic activities are those which are concerned with consumption, production, exchange and distribution of wealth | 4. These activities are undertaken for the welfare of the country, family well being, social cause, health, entertainment etc |
10.) What are the main features of Labour?
Answer :-
Main features of Labour are :
(i) It is the only active factor of production.
(ii) Supply of labour can be increased or decreased.
(iii) In India, labour is available in abundance.
(iv) Labour can be bought or sold.
(v) Labour is mobile.
11.) How do the small farmers arrange capital needed for farming?
Answer:-
- Small scale farmers arrange capital needed for farming is to take loans on high rates of interest from the large scale farmers or the village money lenders or the traders.
- Sometimes they have to mortgage their houses or small land holdings to repay the loans. If they are unable to repay the loans, their property is seized.
- To fulfil the need of capital, farmers have to take loans from the institutions opened by the Government such as Regional Rural Banks, Cooperative Societies, Land Development Bank and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) to provide capital to the farmers.
12.) What do the large-scale farmers do with the surplus farm products?
Answer:-
Large scale farmers of the village keep a part of the crops for family consumption and sells the surplus produce in a nearby Mandi.
13.) What are the different non-farm activities being carried out in the rural areas of India?
Answer :- Different non-farm activities carried out in Rural area of India :
- Dairy
- Poultry farming
- Carpentry
- Weavers
- General stores
- Chemist Shop
- Ferry people or goods using rickshaw, tangas, bullock cart
14.) What can be done so that more non-farm productions activities can be started in villages.
Answer:-
- Non farming activities require little land and capital. People can set up nonfarm activities either from their savings or by taking loans
- As more villages get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telecommunication, it is possible that the opportunities for non-farm activities in the village would increase in the coming years.
- For the expansion of non-farm activities, it is essential to have markets where the goods and services produced can be sold.
15.) Why do the quality of soil deteriorate due to burning of agricultural waste in the fields?
Answer :- Burning of stubble leads to serious environment pollution as well asecological imbalance. Due to increase in temperature of top soil, different kinds of bacteria, fungi, friendly pests die and important minerals of the soil are destroyed. Thus, the quality of our soil decreases