Maharashtra Board Class 7 Solutions General Science
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Important Question Chapter wise Download at here. Maharashtra Board Class 7 for General Science. Maha Board Class 7th Textbook General Science.
Maha Board Class 7th General Science Textbook All Questions. Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research General Science Book Class 7.
Book Type |
Text Book |
Class |
7th |
Medium |
English |
Subjects |
General Science |
GENERAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 1 – The Living World : Adaptations and Classification
(1) Find my match :
‘A’ Group ‘B’ Group
(1) Lotus (a) flower and leaves attract insects
(2) Aloe (b) Haustorial roots for absorption of food
(3) Cuscuta (c) Adapted to live in deserts
(4) Venus flytrap (d) Adapted to live in water.
(2) Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
I am a penguin. I live in polar region covered by snow. My abdomen is white. My skin is thick with a layer of fat underneath. My body is spindle-shaped. My wings are small. My toes are webbed. We live in flocks.
(a) Why is my skin white and thick and why is there a thick layer of fat underneath?
(b) Why do we live in flocks sticking close to each other?
(c) Which geographical region do I inhabit? Why?
(d) Which adaptations should you have to enable you to live permanently in the polar region? Why?
(3) Who is lying?
(a) Cockroach – I have five legs.
(b) Hen – My toes are webbed.
(c) Cactus – My fleshy, green part is a leaf.
(4) Read each of the following statements. Write a paragraph about adaptation with reference to each statement.
(a)There is extreme heat in deserts.
(b) Grasslands are lush green.
(c) Insects are found in large numbers.
(e) We have long e ears.
(5) Answer the following.
(a) Why is the camel called the ‘Ship of the desert’?
(b) How can the plants like cactus and acacia live in deserts with scarce water?
(c) What is the inter-relationship between adaptations of organisms and their surroundings?
(d) How are organisms classified?
CHAPTER – 2 – Plants : Structure and Function
(1) Give examples of 3 plants that have:
(a) Spiny fruits
(b) Spiny stem
(c) Red flowers
(d) yellow flowers
(e) Leaves which close at night
(f) single – seeded fruits
(g) many – seeded fruits
(2) Observe any one flower and its various parts and describe it in your own words.
(3) What are the similarities and differences between?
(a) Jowar and moong
(b) Onion and coriander
(c) Leaves of banana and mango
(d) Coconut tree and Jowar stalk plant
(4) Describe the functions of various parts of a plants.
(5) Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.
Leaves with smooth surface, leaves with rough surface, fleshy leaf, spines on leaf.
CHAPTER – 3 – Properties of Natural Resources
(1) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term.
(Temperature, volume, mass, density, humidity, acidic, weight, neutral, shape.)
(a) The capacity of air to hold moisture depend s upon the ……… of the air.
(b) Water does not have a …………… but has definite ……….. and ……………… .
(c) While freezing, the …………………….. of water is lowered.
(d) ……………………. Soil has pH 7.
(2) Why is it said that –
(a) Air is a homogeneous mixture of various gases.
(b) Water is a universal solvent.
(c) There is no alternative to water for cleaning purposes.
(3) What will happen if ……………..
(a) The amount of water vapour in the air increases.
(b) Only one crop is grown repeatedly in the soil.
(4) With whom should I pair up?
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Air (a) Excretion
(2) Water (b) Scattering of light
(c) Soil (c) Plasticity
(5) State whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) Sandy soil has low capacity for holding water.
(b) Sea water is a bad conductor of electricity
(c) The substance in which a solute dissolves is called a solvent.
(d) The pressure exerted by air is called atmospheric pressure.
(6) Write answers to the following questions in your own words.
(a) How is light scatterrred by the air?
(b) Explain the various properties of water.
(c) Why is the density of seawater more than that of rain water?
(d) What is the importance of good soil structure?
(e) What are the various uses of soil?
(f) What is the need and importance of soil testing from the point of view of farmers?
(g) What is the importance of air in transmissions of sound?
(h) Why should a glass bottle completely filled with water never be kept in a freezer?
CHAPTER – 4 – Nutrition in Living Organisms
(1) Classify according to food-type.
Tiger, cow, vulture, bacteria, deer, goat, human, fungus, loin, sparrow, buffalo, frog, cockroach, tick.
(2) Match the pairs.
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Parasitic plant (a) Mushroom
(2) Insectivorous plant (b) Lichen
(3) Saprophytic plant (c) Drosera
(4) Symbiotic plant (d) Cuscuta
(3) Answer the following questions in your own words.
(a) Why do living organisms need nutrition?
(b) Explain the process of food in plants.
(c) What is meant by parasitic plants? Name their different types with examples of each.
(d) Explain the various steps of nutrition in animals.
(e) Name some unicellular organisms in which all life-processes take place within their unicellular body.
(4) Give reasons.
(a) Insectivorous plants are attractively coloured.
(b) Butterflies have a long tube-like proboscis.
(5) Think and answer.
(a) We prepare a variety of foodstuffs and dishes at home. Are we then autotrophic organisms?
(b) Which organisms are greater in number- autotrophs or heterotrophy? Why?
(c) The number of heterotrophs found in desert regions is smaller. However, they are found in greater numbers in the sea. Why is this so?
(d) What damage or harm do ectoparasitic and endoparasitic animals cause?
(e) Why is plant food not produced in any other parts of the plant except the green ones?
CHAPTER – 5 – Food Safety
(1) Complete the following statements by using the correct option from those given below.
(Irradiation, dehydration, pasteurization, natural, chemic al)
(a) Drying the food grains from farms under the hot sun is called……………… .
(b) Materials like milk are instantly cooled after heating cooled after heating up to a certain high temperature. This method of food preservation is called………………… .
(c) Salt is a ………………… type of food preservative.
(d) Vinegar is a …………………… type of food preservative.
(2) Answer the following questions in your own words.
(a) How is milk pasteurized?
( b) Why should we not consume adulterated food materials?
(c) What precaution do your parents take to keep foodstuffs safe?
(d) How does food spoilage occur? Which are the various factors spoiling the food?
(e) Which methods of food preservation would you use?
(3) What shall we do?
(a) There are vendors selling uncoverd sweetmeats in open places in the market.
(b) A ‘pani-puriwalla’ is serving the pani puri with dirty hands.
(c) We have purchased a large quantity of fruits and vegetables.
(d) We need to protect foodstuffs from pests like rats, cockroaches, wall-lizards, etc.
(4) Find the odd-man-out.
(a) Salt, vinegar, citric acid, sodium benzoate
(b) Lakhi dal, brick dust, metanyl yellow, turmeric powder
(c) Banana, apple, guava, almond
(d) Storing, freezing, settling, drying
(5) Complete the chart below.
S.No. | Foodstuff | Adulterant |
1. | ___ | Metanyl yellow |
2. | Black pepper | ___ |
3. | ___ | Iron filling |
4. | ___ |
(6) Explain why this happens and suggest possible remedies.
(a) Qualitative wastage of food.
(b) The cooked rice is underdone.
(c) The wheat that was bought is a bit moist.
(d) The taste of yoghurt is too sour/slightly bitter.
(e) Cut fruits have turned black.
(7) Give reasons.
(1) Food remains safe at 5o Celsius
(2) Nowadays, food is served buffet style during large gatherings.
CHPATER- 6 – Measurement of Physical Quantities
(1) Write answer to the following questions in your own words.
(a) Why is the weight of the same object different on different planets?
(b) What precautions will you take to make aceurate measurements in day-to-day affairs?
(c) What is the difference between mass and weight?
(2) Who is my companion?
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Velocity (a) Litre
(2) Area (b) Kilogram
(3) Volume (c) Metre/second
(4) Mass (d) Kilogram/cubic metre
(5) Density (e) Square metre
(3) Explain giving examples.
(a) Scalar quantity
(b) Vector quantity
(4) Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.
(5) Give reasons.
(a) It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units.
(b) It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.
(6) Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.
CHAPTER – 7 – Motion, Force and Work
(1) Fill in the blanks with the proper words from the brackets.
(Stationary, zero, changing, constant, displacement, velocity, speed, acceleration, stationary but not zero increases)
(a) If a body traverses a distance in direct proportion to the time, the speed of the body is …………… .
(b) If a body is moving with a constant velocity its acceleration is ………………….. .
(c) …………………. is a scalar quantity.
(d) ………………… is the distance traverses by a body in a particular direction in unit time.
(2) From the group B and C, choose the proper words, for each of the words in group A.
A | B | C |
Work | Newton | erg |
Force | Metre | cm |
Displacement | Joule | dyne |
(3) A bird sitting on a wire, flies, circles around and comes back to its perch. Explain the total distance it traversed during its flight and its eventual displacement.
(4) Explain the following concepts in your own words with everyday example: force, work, displacement, velocity, acceleration, distance.
(5) Solve the following problems.
(a) A force of 1000N was applied to stop a car that was moving with a constant velocity. The car stopped after moving through 10m. How much is the work done?
(b) A cart with mass 20 kg went 50m in a straight line on a plain and smooth road when a force of 2N was applied to it. How much work was done by the force?
CHAPTER – 8 Static Electricity
(1) Choose the correct option and fill in the blanks. (always repulsion, always attraction, displacement of negative charge, displacement of positive charge, atom, molecule, steel, copper, plastic, inflated balloon, charged object , gold)
(a) Here is ……………. Between like charges.
(b) …………….. is responsible for generation of electric charge in an object.
(c) A lightning conductor is made of a ………………. Strip.
(d) ……………… does not get electrically charged easily by rubbing.
(e) There is ……………… when opposite electric charge near each other.
(f) A ………………. Can be detected with an electroscope.
(2) Explain why it is not safe to go out with an umbrella when there is heavy rain, lightning or thunder.
(3) Answer in your own words.
(a) How will you protect yourself from lightning?
(b) How are charges generated?
(c) In the lightning conductor, what provision is made for spreading the electricity into the ground?
(d) Why do farmers stick an iron staff into the ground while working in the field in rainy conditions?
(e) Why is lightning not seen everyday during the rainy season?
(4) What are the characteristics of a static electric charge?
(5) What is the damage caused by lightning? How will you create awareness to prevent it?
CHAPTER – 9 – Heat
(1) Fill in the blanks with the proper word from the brackets.
(radiation, white, conduction, blue, convection, bad conductor, good conductor, black, reflection)
(a) Maximum heat is absorbed by a …………… coloured object.
(b) ……………. Of heat does not require a medium.
(c) Conduction of heat takes place through a …………… substance.
(d) The shining surface in a thermos flask decreases the outgoing heat by ………………… .
(e) Cooking utensils are made from metals due to their property of ……………….
(f) The earth receives heat from the sun by …………………… .
(2) What will absorb heat?
Steel spoon, wooden board, glass vessel iron griddle (tava), glass, wooden spoon, plastic plate, soil, water, wax
(3) Write answers to the following questions.
(a) How does a fever get lowered by putting a cold compress on the forehead of a patient?
(b) Why are the houses in Rajasthan painted white?
(c) What are the modes of heat transfer?
(d) Explain which mode of heat transfer causes sea breezes and land breezes.
(e) Why is the outer coat of the penguins of Antarctica black?
(f) Why are heaters fitted near the floor and air conditioners, near the ceiling of a room?
(4) Give scientific reasons.
(a) An ordinary glass bottle cracks when boiling water is poured into it, but a borosil glass bottle does not.
(b) The telephone wires which sag in summer become straight in winter.
(c) Dew drops form on the grass, in winter.
(d) In winter, why does an iron pillar feel colder than a wooden pole?
CHAPTER – 10 – Disaster Management
(1) Find the odd man out.
(a) Famine, earthquake, cloudburst, railway accident.
(b) Drought, heavy rains, storms, tsunami.
(c) Lava, hot mud, ash, locusts.
(d) Washing away of crops, attack of pests on crops, volcano, singeing of crops
(2) What are the remedial measures for the following calamities?
(a) Famine
(b) Lightning strike
(c) Storm
(d) Cloudburst
(3) True or false? Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Information about a forthcoming storm is to be kept secret.
(b) You should not swim when there is lightning in the sky.
(c) It is possible to prevent the eruption of a volcano.
(d) Heavy rains result in famine.
(4) Write answers to the following questions in your own words.
(a) What is tsunami? What gives rise to a tsunami?
(b) What is a cloudburst?
(c) Explain the effects of a volcano.
(d) What are the measures to prevent loss of life due to lightning?
(5) What measures have been taken to deal with calamities as floods and landslides under the disaster management programme in Maharashtra?
(6) With reference to disaster management what are the things in your house that you will check?
CHAPTER – 11 – Cell Structure and Micro-organisms
(1) Answer the following g questions.
(a) What is a ‘cell’?
(b) Name the different organelles in a cell?
(c) What are micro-organisms?
(d) Which are the different types of micro-organisms?
(2) Fill in the blanks with the proper word.
(a) The organelle called the ……….. is present in plant cells only.
(b) Garbage is converted into ……………… by micro-organisms.
(c) In the cell, photosynthesis is carried out with the help of ……………….. .
(d) An electron microscope is necessary for the study of ………….. .
(3) What is difference between us?
(a) Plant cell an animal cell.
(b) Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
(4) Sketch and describe in your own words, the plant cell and animal cell.
(5) Explain the uses and the harmful effects of micro-organisms.
(6) Give reasons.
(a) Diseases spread on a large scale during periods of heavy rainfall and floods.
(b) There is a possibility of food poisoning if we eat stale food.
(c) Soil is turned over during tilling.
(d) Fungus grows quickly in moist or humid conditions.
(e) A refrigerator is used in almost every home.
(f) Bread ‘rises’ during banking.
(g) Fodder is soaked in water before offering to cattle.
(7) When will you use a simple microscope and when, a compound microscope? Explain in detail how you will use them.
CHAPTER – 12 – The Muscular System and Digestive System in Human Beings
(1) Fill in the blanks with the right word from the brackets.
(a) The process of digestion starts from the ……………… (stomach/ mouth)
(b) Eyelids have ………………….. muscles (voluntary / involuntary).
(c) ……………….. is not a function of the muscular system. (Production of blood cells / Performing movements)
(d) Muscles of the heat are …………… (ordinary muscles / cardiac muscles)
(e) Pushing forward the food that has been chewed is the function of the …………………….. . (stomach / oesophagus).
(2) Find a match for me.
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Cardiac muscles (a) always function in pairs
(2) Are brought about by muscles (b) we never feel tried.
(3) Pepsin (c) Uncontrolled and painful contraction of muscles.
(4) Cramps (d) chewing movements of jaws.
(5) Skeletal muscles (e) Enzyme of the gastric juice.
(3) Who is telling a life?
Organ Statement
(1) Tongue My taste-buds can tell only a sweet taste.
(2) Liver I am the largest gland in the body.
(3) Large intestine I am 7.5 meter long.
(4) Appendix Digestion is impossible without me.
(5) Lung I play an important role in excretion.
(4) Give reasons.
(1) Food becomes acidic in the stomach.
(2) Cardiac muscles are said to be involuntary muscles.
(3) Intoxicating substances should not be consumed.
(4) Your muscles should be strong and efficient.
(5) Answer the following.
(a) How many types of muscles there? Which are those types?
(b) What causes the problem of acidity? What is its effect on the body?
(c) Name the different types of teeth. What is the function of each type?
(6) Sketch and label a diagram of the digestive system and describe it in your own words.
CHAPTER – 13 – Changes – Physical and Chemical
(1) Distinguish between the following.
(a) Physical change and chemical change
(b) Periodic change and non-periodic change
(c) Natural change and man-made change
(2) Under which different types can the following changes be classified?
(a) Conversion of milk into yoghurt
(b) Bursting of a cracker.
(c) Occurrence of an earthquake.
(d) Revolution of the around the sun.
(e) Stretching of a spring.
(3) Give reasons.
(a) While purchasing canned food, its expiry date should be checked.
(b) An iron should be given a coat of paint.
(c) A wooden article should be polished.
(d) Copper and brass utensils should be tinned.
(e) A dry handkerchief gets wet at once on dipping in water, but it takes long for a wet handkerchief to dry.
(4) What will you take into account while identifying the following?
(a) A physical change in a substance.
(b) A chemical change in a substance.
(5) Read the paragraph and note down the various types of changes it mentions.
It was nearing six o’clock in the evening. The sun was setting. A breeze was blowing. Leaves on the tree were shaking. Sahil was sitting in the courtyard, rolling balls of wet soil and shaping them into various toys. Then he felt hungry and went into the house. Mother made a dough from wheat flour and fried purees. While eating hot purees, his attention was drawn outside the window. It had started raining. There was lightning, too. Sahil was enjoying his dinner in the dim light.
CHAPTER – 14 – Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
(1) Who are my companions?
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Stainless steel (a) Non-metal
(2) Silver (b) Compound
(3) Bhajani mixture for milling (c) Mixture
(4) Salt (d) Element
(5) Coal (e) Alloy
(6) Hydrogen (f) Metal
(2) Write the names of elements from the following symbolic : Zn, Cd, Xe, Br, Ti, Cu, Fe, Si, Ir, Pt.
(3) What are the molecular formulae of the following compounds?
Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, sodium chloride, glucose, methane.
(4) Give scientific reasons.
(a) Buttermilk is churned to get butter.
(b) In chromatography, the ingredients of a mixture rise up to a limited height when water rises up to the upper end of the paper.
(c) A wet cloth is wrapped around a water storage container in summer.
(5) Explain the difference.
(a) Metals and non-metals
(b) Mixtures and compounds
(c) Atoms and molecules
(d) Separation by distillation and by separating funnel.
(6) Write answer to the following questions in your own words.
(a) How are the components of mixtures separated by simple methods?
(b) Which elements (metals and non metals), compounds and mixtures do we use in our day-to-day life?
(c) In everyday life, where and for what purpose do we use centrifugation?
(d) Where are the methods of separating by distillation and by separating funnel used? Why?
(e) Which precaution will you take while using the methods of distillation and separation by separating funnel?
CHAPTER – 15 – Materials we Use
(1) Fill appropriate terms in the blanks. (white cement, soap, detergent, wearing of bones, tooth decay, hard, soft, Portland, fatty acid)
(a) The substance that helps water to remove dirt from the surface of materials is called ………………….. .
(b) Fluoride is used in toothpaste to prevent ……………. .
(c) Soap is a salt of ………………………. And sodium hydroxide.
(d) Synthetic detergents can be used in ……………….. water as well.
(e) For construction purposes …………………… cement is the most commonly used cement.
(2) Write answers to the following questions.
(a) How does the use of a detergent help to clean soiled clothes?
(b) How will you cheek with the help of soap powder whether water is hard?
(c) What are the important ingredients of a toothpaste, and what is the function of each?
(d) What are the ingredients of cement?
(e) What will happen if cement is not used in making concrete?
(f) Make a list of detergents that you use.
(g) What should be expected from a detergent for delicate garments?
(h) What is meant by ‘surface activity’? Name three chemicals responsible for the surface activity of various detergents.
(3) What are the similarities and differences between –
(a) Natural detergents and man-made detergents
(b) Soap and synthetic detergent
(c) Bath soap and soap for washing clothes
(d)Modern cement and ancient cement
(4) Explain why –
(a) Soap cannot be used in hard water.
(b) Oil does not mix in water. However, oil and water become homogeneous if a sufficient quantity of detergent is added.
(c) Synthetic detergents are superior to soap.
(d) Often coloured spots are formed on clothes during washing.
(e) Tobacco masher should not be used for cleaning teeth.
CHAPTER – 16 – Natural Resources
(1) Describe natural resources with reference to the following three types.
(a) Mineral resources
(b) Forest resources
(c) Ocean resources
(2) Write answers to the following questions in your own words.
(a) What is meant by fossil fuel? What are their types?
(b) Make a list of the components we obtain from mineral oil.
(c) What do we get from forests?
(d) What are the items included in ocean resources? What are their uses?
(f) Why is the diversity of plants and animals in the forest declining?
(g) Write the names of live minerals and the used substances obtained from them.
(h) Name the two important stages in the process of obtaining metals from ores?
(3) What steps are taken for protection and conservation of natural resources?
(4) How does the economic condition of a natural depend on its natural resources?
(5) Which medicinal pants will you grow on your school premises and near your houses? Why?
CHAPTER – 17 – Effects of Light
(1) Fill in the blanks.
(a) When the beams from the headlights of a car fall on an object in the night, the shadows called ………………….. and ………………… can be seen.
(b) During a lunar eclipse the shadow of the …………….. falls on the ………………. .
(c) During a solar eclipse the shadow of the …………………. Falls on the …………………… .
(d) Various shades of colour are seen in the sky at sunrise and sunset due to …………………. .
(2) Give reasons.
(a) Space beyond the earth’s atmosphere appears dark.
(b) We are able to read while sitting in the shade.
(c) We should not observe the solar eclipse with naked eyes.
(3) Give some example of scattering of light that we come across in day-to-day life.
(4) Why is the shadow of a bird flying high not seen on the earth?
(5) Why is a penumbra not obtained from a point source?
(6) Answer the following questions in your own words.
(a) What is meant by scattering of light?
(b) Does the shadow really vanish in the zero shadow condition?
(e) Will the later beam be seen if it passes through a glass box which contains a lighted incense stick?
(7) Discuss a nd write.
(a) Write a science based paragraph on What if the sun did not rise?
(b) What efforts will you make to remove the misconceptions about eclipses?
(c) Various eclipses and be conditions during that period.
(8) Explain the difference:
(a) Point sources and extended sources of light.
(b) Umbra and penumbra.
CHAPTER – 18 – Sound: Production of Sound
(1) Fill in the blank s.
(a) Sound is generated by the rhythmic ………………… of any object.
(b) The frequency of sound is measured in ………………………… .
(c) If ………………….. of sound is decreased, its loudness also decreases.
(d) A medium is necessary for …………………… of sound.
(2) Match the pairs.
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(a) Flute (1) Frequency less than 20 Hz
(b) Frequency (2) Frequency more than 20000 Hz
(c) Sound level (3) Vibration in the air
(d) Ultrasonic sound (4) Measured in Hz
(e) Infrasonic sound (5) Decibel
(3) Give scientific reasons.
(a) In earlier times people used to listen for the arrival of a distant train by putting their ear to the rail.
(b) The sounds generated by a table and sitar are different.
(c) If you were both on the moon, your friend will not be able to hear you call.
(d) We can hear the movement of a mosquito’s wings but we cannot hear the movement of our hands.
(4) Write answer to the following questions.
(a) How is sound produced?
(b) What does the intensity of sound depend upon?
(c) Explain the two ways by which the pitch of the sound generated by a stretched string can be changed.
CHAPTER – 19 – Properties of a Magnetic Field
(1) Write the appropriate terms in the blanks.
(a) The alloys called ………………. and ………………… are used for making industrial magnets.
(b) A magnetic field can pass through ……………… and ……………….. .
(c) The intensity of a magnetic field is indicated by the lines of …………………. .
(d) The real test of a magnet is ………………………….. .
(2) Give detailed information about how the merchants of olden times used a magnet while travelling.
CHAPTER – 20 – In the World of Stars
(1) A star rises at 8 pm tonight. At what time will it rise a month? Why?
(2) What is meant by ‘The sun enters a nakshatra’? It is said that in the rainy season the sun enters the Mrug nakshatra. What does it mean.
(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What is a constellation?
(b) What points should be considered before a sky watch?
(c) Is it wrong to say that the plants stars and nakshatras affect human life? Why?
(4) Write a paragraph on the birth and lifecycle of stars using figure 20.1