Maharashtra Board Class 12 Psychology Solution Chapter 8 – Positive Psychology
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 12 Psychology Solution Chapter 8: Positive Psychology. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 12 get here Positive Psychology full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 12 |
Subject |
Psychology |
Chapter |
8 |
Chapter name |
Positive Psychology |
1) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate words given in the bracket:
1) ……………. is the father of positive psychology.
- Carver b. Masten c. Seligman
Ans: Seligman is the father of positive psychology.
2) Barbara Fedrickson introduced the Broaden and ……….. theory.
- build b. emotion c.learning
Ans: Barbara Fredrickson introduced the Broaden and Build theory.
3) The belief that good things will happen is called as …………..
- pessimism b. resilience c. optimism
Ans: The belief that good things will happen is called as optimism.
4) The capacity to understand what the other person is experiencing is …………….
- sympathy b. empathy c. emotion
Ans: The capacity to understand what the other person is experiencing is empathy.
- 2) Match the pairs.
Group ‘A’ | Group ‘B’ |
(a) Resilience | (1) positive aspects of life |
(b) Mindfulness | (2) increase optimism |
(c) Positive psychology | (3) state of awareness |
(d) Happiness | (4) overcome hurdles |
Ans:
Group A | Group B |
(a) Resilience | (4) overcome hurdles |
(b) Mindfulness | (3) state of awareness |
(c) Positive psychology | (1) positive aspects of life |
(d) Happiness | (2) increase optimism |
- 3) Answer the following questions in 35 to 40 words:
1) Explain the theories of happiness?
Ans: Need/goal satisfaction theories: We are content because, for example, we have achieved our goals.
Someone gives you your favourite dish because you’re hungry.
Process and activity theories: Choosing to do certain things makes you happy, for instance. Singer enjoys singing.
Genetic/personality theories: Happiness is determined by both genetic and personality traits, according to genetic and personality theories.
2) What is mindfulness?
Ans: The term “mindfulness” describes a state of alertness. It is a kind of mental acuity that is crucial to improving any task’s precision. It is a crucial idea in the context of the attention process.
3) What is resilience?
Ans: Recovery from hardship is not a superhuman or uncommon talent. It’s something that plenty of individuals are capable of achieving. Being resilient means being able to “bounce back” or withstand breaking under stress. Resilience, according to the American Psychological Association, is the ability to adapt successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, danger, or severe causes of stress, such family and interpersonal issues, serious health issues, or employment and financial difficulties.
Q.4) Write short notes on the following topic in 50 to 60 words :
1) Life above zero
Ans: Study of life above zero is a focus of positive psychology. In this instance, zero marks the boundary between happy and misery as well as between disease and health. Traditional psychology has concentrated on disease, suffering, and frustration as the two extremes of existence, or life at and below zero. Life with a negative value denotes a stressful, difficult, or unpleasant social environment, as well as difficulties with physical or mental health. Negative effects of these elements on human life.
2) Determinants of happiness
Ans: A feeling of contentment is happiness. Only a small amount of our overall pleasure is influenced by things like our physical and mental well-being, status, wealth, and achievement, etc. The following elements are predictors of long-lasting happiness:
i.) solid, close-knit social ties, fruitful interactions, and a strong network of friends and family.
ii.) A positive outlook reduces stress and other unpleasant feelings.
iii.) A high sense of self-worth boosts our self-assurance and makes it easier for us to respond to difficulties in a positive way.
iv). Achieving tough objectives – Setting too simple or too demanding goals can only result in boredom or dissatisfaction, respectively. Achieving goals that are somewhat difficult increases happiness by increasing the likelihood of success.
v.) Identifying a larger meaning and purpose in life, without which we would feel irritation, boredom, etc.
- Seeing life’s difficulties as chances to grow rather than threats aids in realising our potential.
3) Characteristics of an optimist
Ans: An optimistic mindset involves sentiments of optimism and the conviction that the future will be good and beneficial. It is the idea that adversity can be overcome since bad things are just momentary obstacles. The traits of optimists include the following: (i) they strive to make the best choices possible; (ii) they frequently exhibit high levels of self-assurance; (iii) they approach challenges positively because they see them as opportunities to grow; and (iv) they are optimistic regarding their prospects and do not extrapolate past failure to future circumstances.
4) Methods to promote empathy
Ans: The techniques listed below can be used to increase empathy:
1.) Boost social encounters — Particularly with those who require assistance so that you may comprehend their viewpoints and intentions.
2.) Establishing connections with people based on commonalities, such as shared interests, occupations, objectives, etc.
3.) Being aware of your emotions – People who can effectively assess their own motives are better able to empathise.
4.) Push yourself – Tasks that are difficult make it difficult for the person to succeed. In turn, empathy is made possible through humility.
5.) Develop a curiosity for the world around you. Curiosity promotes open-mindedness and a greater understanding of people around us.
6.) Expand our social circle – Interactions with people of various racial, cultural, and political backgrounds assist to enhance empathy for them on a neurological level.
- 5) Explain the following concepts:
1) Positive psychology
Ans: A recent development in psychology is the field of positive psychology. Positive psychology, according to Peterson (2008), ‘is the scientific study of what makes life worth living’. The study of human emotions, ideas, and conduct follows a scientific methodology. Building on one’s own strengths and all of one’s good character traits and life experiences is the main goal.
When Martin Seligman decided to make Positive Psychology the focus of the American Psychological Association Conference in 1998, he formally established it as a branch of psychology. So, rather than stress, anxiety, disease, disorders, disputes, disappointments, etc., this area of psychology places more emphasis on researching things like joy, courage, and happiness.
2) Half glass full and half glass empty
Ans: Being optimistic is a state of mind that involves sentiments of optimism and the conviction that things will turn out well, that they will be pleasant and desired, and that bad things will only happen once and will then need to be conquered. Martin Seligman is regarded as the founder of optimism and published the theory of optimism in his book “Learned Optimism”.
He claims that having an upbeat attitude is all about viewing things from a glass half full viewpoint. Depending on your outlook, it may be seen as half full or half empty.
3) Empathy
Ans: Empathy, or the ability to put oneself in another’s shoes, is the capacity to comprehend and experience what another person is going through from inside their own frame of reference. Simon Baron-Cohen identifies three aspects of empathy: cognitive empathy, or seeing another person’s point of view; emotional response, or developing a close link with them; and social skills, or being motivated to assist them. Building trust and security via empathy. Relationship success depends on it, and it is directly tied to emotional intelligence.
4) Mindfulness
Ans: Being mindful is a condition of awareness. It is a variety of mental attentiveness and is vital to improving the precision of any work. It is a crucial idea in the context of the attention process.
The fundamental human capacity for mindfulness is the capacity to be completely present, conscious of where we’re located and what we are doing, and not unduly reactive or overloaded by what is happening around us.
To concentrate on the “Here and Now,” practise mindfulness. It entails focusing entirely on the work at hand and living in the moment rather than dwelling on the past, worrying about the future, or indulging pessimistic thoughts. Maintaining moment-to-moment consciousness of our emotions, thoughts, physical sensations, and external surroundings is known as mindfulness.
5) Social resilience
Ans: Recovery from hardship is not a superhuman or uncommon talent. It’s something that plenty of individuals are capable of achieving. Being resilient means being able to “bounce back” or withstand breaking under stress. Resilience, according to the American Psychological Association, is the ability to adapt successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, danger, or severe causes of stress, such family and interpersonal issues, serious health issues, or employment and financial difficulties.
Resilience enables us to bounce back from setbacks and continue living our lives. Low-resilience individuals might become emotionally distressed and become overwhelmed by problems. It has been observed that at these periods, people lack confidence in their skills and may experience negative emotions such as bitterness, rage, or anxiety. On the other side, people with strong levels of resilience may bounce back from a traumatic experience and regain their self-assurance to carry on with their lives. Additionally, it is related to preserving psychological health and joyful feelings.
- 6) Answer the following question in 150 to 200 words:
1) What are the essential building blocks of resilience?
Ans: Building bricks, according to Ann Masten, is “ordinary magic,” which incorporates easily teachable behaviour. The seven C’s of resilience include:
1.) Competence – The capacity or knowledge to manage circumstances successfully is known as competence. Actual experience is necessary to develop competence.
2.) Confidence – Real self-assurance is a firm conviction in one’s own skills. By proving your expertise in real-world scenarios, you may develop confidence.
3.) Connection – A person’s family is their main support system. The person gains feeling of security through relationships with others, their schools, and their communities, which enables them to be autonomous and come up with original ideas.
4.) Character refers to having a strong moral compass and a dedication to honesty. A person with character is confident in themselves and feels highly valued.
5.) Contribution – A person who recognises the value of making a personal contribution generates a feeling of purpose that can inspire them and further contribute to their psychological wellbeing.
6.) Coping – An individual who develops excellent stress management skills is better equipped to face and overcome the difficulties of life.
7.) Control – When a person is aware that he has some degree of control over the results of his choices and actions, he is prone to believe that he is capable of recovering from setbacks.
2) Recollect the most challengingsituation you faced in your life till now and the way you dealt with it. With reference to the 7 C’s of Resilience, which qualities helped you to overcome the challenge? For each of the C’s write the process you adopted to deal with the situation.
Ans: This question is meant to be answered independently by the students.
- 7) Find out the positive aspects of behaviour from the example given below and answer in one word.
- i) Mahesh studies so attentively that he never gets distracted.
Ans: Mindfulness
- ii) Sujata lost her hands in an accident. Now she has learned to write with her leg.
Ans: Resilience
iii) Vasanta’s daughter died by cancer. He has opened a rehabilitation center for cancer patients.
Ans: Empathy
Q 8) Case Study Anurag was a software engineer working in one of the leading company’s in the USA for almost 5 years. He was in a stable relationship and he had plans to start a family and to settle there. Unfortunately due to the poor economy in USA he lost his job and had to return back to India. He felt distressed as he realized that he had lost everything he had worked so hard to build. This made him feel like a failure.
i) How do you think Anurag can apply the 7 C’s of resilience to overcome the difficult situation he is in? i) As Anurag’s friend how will you empathise with him and help him deal with this challenge? ii) Anurag has developed a very pessimistic approach after these setbacks, how will you guide him to stay happy and optimistic?
Ans:
i.) He has prior successful experience working for a reputable company, which Anurag may use to his advantage in using the 7 C’s of resilience. His proficiency and trust in his own talents result from this. He may be feeling defeated and unsuccessful, but he must take stock of the circumstance in order to live in the “Here and Now.” Character, also known as contribution, will provide Anurag a feeling of self-worth as well as an understanding of direction and purpose. He will be able to utilise appropriate coping methods if he understands that he can still achieve in life by looking for a job here that is similar to it and accepting the circumstances, or Control. Additionally, he must not disregard the connectional assistance provided by friends and family.
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ii.) I can relate to Anurag’s experience since I am a friend of his and can put myself in his shoes. Due to the fact that he has lost a job, he is feeling down and like a failure, therefore I will sympathise with him by offering encouragement and support. I’ll try to persuade him that he can get an excellent salary in the country with his own skills and expertise. Along with that, I’ll advise him to develop his professional abilities and look to his family and friends for help in social situations.
iii.) When a person’s solid career, dependable bond, and successful status all end in his life, it seems sense that he would feel negative and like a failure. To consider any setbacks, such as losing a job, getting sent home , etc., as chances rather than as hurdles is how I will assist Anurag handle the obstacles that arise in his life. He’ll see things more clearly as a result of this.