Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Solution Chapter 7 – Nervous System
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Solution Chapter 7: Nervous System. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Nervous System full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
Psychology |
Chapter |
7 |
Chapter name |
Nervous System |
1.) (A) Complete the following statements with appropriate options.
1.) Brain is a part of _________ nervous system.
a.) central
b.) peripheral
c.) somatic
Answer:
a.) central
2.)_________ are the building blocks of the nervous system.
a.) Cells
b.) Neurons
c.) Tissues
Answer:
b.) Neurons
3.)_________ nervous system prepares us for the fight or flight responses.
a.) Somatic
b.) Parasympathetic
c.) Sympathetic
Answer:
c.) Sympathetic
4.)The gap between two neurons is called _________
a.) synapse
b.) joint
c.) vacuum
Answer:
a.) synapse
(B) I. Match the following pairs.
A |
B |
1. Thyroxin |
a. Pituitary |
2. Epinephrine |
b. Parathyroid |
3. Parathormone |
c. Thyroid |
4. Androgen |
d. Adrenal gland |
5. Somatotropin hormones |
e. Salivary gland |
f. Sex glands |
Answer:
A |
B |
1. Thyroxin |
c. Thyroid |
2. Epinephrine |
d. Adrenal gland |
3. Parathormone |
b. Parathyroid |
4. Androgen |
f. Sex glands |
5. Somatotropin hormones |
a. Pituitary |
(C) Identify the odd item from the following series of words.
1.) The frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Thalamus, Occipital lobe
Answer:
Thalamus
2.) Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Uric acid, GABA
Answer:
Uric acid
3.) Dendrite, Nucleus, Tectum, Axon, Synapse
Answer:
Tectum
4.) Knee jerk, Sneezing, Thinking, Blinking of eyes
Answer:
Thinking
5.) Thyroid, Sweat glands, Adrenal gland, Gonads, Pituitary gland
Answer:
Sweat glands
(D) Identify which hormones with hypo secretion or hyper secretion would lead to the following conditions.
1.) Abnormal height, gigantism
Answer:
Hypersecretion – Somatotropin
2.) Hyperactivity, speedy metabolism.
Answer:
Hypersecretion – Thyroxin
3.) Cretinism
Answer:
Hyposecretion – Thyroxin
4.) Stunted growth, dwarfism
Answer:
Hyposecretion – Somatotropin
5.) Myxedema, fatigue, sluggishness, depression
Answer:
Hyposecretion – Thyroxin
6.) Increased appetite, overactivity, restlessness, lack of concentration
Answer:
Hyposecretion – Insulin, and glycogen
2.) Which part of the brain is involved in processing the following information.
1.) Smelling a flower
Answer:
Occipital lobe
2.) Maintaining balance while standing upright
Answer:
Cerebellum
3.) Comprehending a speech
Answer:
Temporal Lobe
4.) Memorizing a childhood experience
Answer:
Frontal lobe
5.) Feeling touch
Answer:
Parietal lobe
6.) Seeing a picture
Answer:
Occipital lobe
7.) Feeling hungry
Answer:
Hypothalamus
8.) Feeling afraid
Answer:
Amygdala
3.) Answer the following questions in 35 to 40 words.
1.) Explain the functions of the hypothalamus.
Answer:
The hypothalamus regulates essential biological functions, including sleep, temperature regulation, sex, appetite, thirst, and libido.The pleasure centre of our body is another name for it.
2.) Describe the functions of each of the four lobes.
Answer:
- Frontal lobe: This part of the brain is responsible for thought, memory, and reasoning. It has a Broca’s region, which aids in the creation of speech.
- Parietal lobe: It aids in comprehending information related to pressure, warmth, discomfort, and skin-like touch.
- Occipital lobe: The visual processing centre is located in the occipital lobe. It is in charge of taste, smell, and hearing. Wernicke’s region is present, which aids with language comprehension.
- Temporal Lobe: The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing, processing language, and remembering for language.
3.) Explain the functions of the Amygdala and Hippocampus.
Answer:
- Amygdala: This structure houses memories of emotional experiences. We feel emotions, particularly dread because of the amygdala.
- Hippocampus: This structure houses the long-term memory. His hippocampus is most impacted if he develops Alzheimer’s disease.
4.) What is a synapse? How does a nerve impulse travel from one to another neuron?
Answer:
A synapse is the area where two neurons connect.
The neural transmission or nerve impulse leaps over the synapse to reach the dendrite of a different neuron.Neurotransmitters in the body are either excited or inhibited when a neuronal message travels through them. What we do in different situations is determined by this chemical process.
5.) Which are the important parts of the hindbrain? Explain their functions.
Answer:
Following are significant areas of the hindbrain and their functions:
- Cerebellum: It aids in preserving balance and posture in the body. Additionally, it aids in the synchronisation of the motions.
- Brain stem: Medulla oblongata regulates digestion, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Pons transmits and receives data from the brain’s lower regions. It facilitates communication between the brain and cerebellum.
- Reticular activation system: Its major job is to keep you awake, focused, and attentive.
6.) How do endocrine glands affect our behaviour?
Answer:
Hormone-producing glands in the body produce chemicals.For example, the thyroid gland secretes the hormone thyroxin, which is responsible for certain behaviours or the lack of reactions. Hormones are like messengers. Grave’s disease comes from its hypersecretion, whereas cretinism or myxedema are caused by its hyposecretion.
4.) Write short notes.
1.) Autonomic Nervous System
Answer:
The autonomic nervous system regulates a variety of bodily functions, including breathing, digestion, excretion of waste materials, and removal of pollutants.Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems are two divisions of it.
Our body is made ready to deal with stressful and dangerous conditions through the sympathetic nervous system. It gets us ready to have a “flight or fight reaction.” In direct opposition to its name, the system’s function.
As soon as things return to normal, the parasympathetic nervous system takes control. It instructs our body to reserve energy for crises.
2.) Limbic System
Answer:
One of the important parts of the brain is the limbic system.
The limbic system is one of the crucial areas of the brain.
The limbic system includes the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus.The hippocampus is in charge of keeping long-term memories.Our emotional memories of experiences are stored in the amygdala.The thalamus is referred to as a brain relay station. It receives all data from the body and transmits it to different regions of the brain.The hypothalamus regulates vital biological functions including temperature control, sleep, sex, appetite, and thirst.
3.) Neurotransmitters
Answer:
Chemical messengers are neurotransmitters. The crucial neurotransmitters include:
Acetylcholine is a substance that the nervous system’s motor neurons produce to energise muscles.
- Dopamine: The brain releases it. We feel contented and pleasant when dopamine levels are normal. It is crucial to the motivating process as well.
- Norepinephrine: During the fight-or-flight reaction, it makes skeletal muscles stronger.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that primarily affects cognition, reward, learning, and memory. Additionally, it regulates like, thirst, appetite, and other bodily functions.
- Glutamate: It aids with memory retention, learning, and blood sugar regulation.
- GABA (Gama Amino Butyric Acid): This neurotransmitter is the most important inhibitory one, which means that its main function is to lessen the excitability of neurons throughout the nervous system.
4.) Pituitary gland
Answer:
The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland, which means that it releases chemicals into the circulation.The reason it is also known as the “master gland” is that it both assists other glands generate their secretions and secretes the majority of the hormones.
It is made up of the anterior and posterior lobes.
The anterior lobe secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and somatotropin. It benefits the adrenal gland and promotes body growth. The hormones released by this gland are essential for a fetus’s nutrition.
Anterior lobe hypo- or hypersecretion: Hyposecretion results in dwarfism, which causes a person to be exceedingly short (two to three feet tall). On the other side, gigantism, in which a person becomes extremely large and is eight-nine feet tall, can result from hypersecretion. Acromegaly, a condition where a person possesses chimpanzee-like characteristics, can also be brought on by hypersecretion.
Posterior lobe: It secretes endorphins, which aid in the production of neurotransmitters, thyrotrophic follicle-stimulating luteinizing hormone, which aids in feeding the foetus, pituitrin, which helps the smooth muscles of the stomach work.
5.) Compare and contrast.
1.) Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System
Answer:
The sympathetic nervous system gets our bodies ready for dangerous and stressful events. It gets us ready for a “fight or flight” response. On the other side, when things return to normal, the parasympathetic nervous system takes control.
Consider yourself being pursued by a dog.
Sympathetic nervous system: As a result of this system’s operation, your heart rate and palpitations rise. You also begin to perspire.
Parasympathetic nervous system: Your heart rate, palpitations, and perspiration return to normal when PNS takes control. The operation of this device allows you to restore your composure and coolness.
2.) Exocrine glands and Endocrine glands
Answer:
While endocrine glands emit chemical compounds into the circulation, exocrine glands immediately discharge their secretions into the organ or tissue.
Exocrine glands, including sweat and tear glands, are sometimes known as duct glands because they secrete their contents through distinct ducts. Endocrine glands do not have a separate duct, which is why they are known as ductless glands. for instance, the thyroid and pituitary glands.
6.) Answer in 150 to 200 words.
1.) Explain the functions of various parts of the human brain.
Answer:
The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain are the three main regions of the brain. The following are its functions:
i.) The hindbrain
- Cerebellum: It aids in coordination of motions and maintains bodily balance and posture.
- Brain stem: Medulla oblongata regulates digestion, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. Pons aids in message transmission between the brain and cerebellum.
- Reticular activation system: This is the body’s equivalent of an alarm clock. It preserves alertness, focus, and wakefulness.
ii). Midbrain: It governs eye movements and transmits information to the top half of the brain.
iii.) Forebrain
- Cerebrum: The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-order mental functions including learning, memory, attention, and perception. The left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex’s surface are segregated. The left side of the body is controlled by neurons in the right brain, and vice versa. Language, spatial relations, and pattern perception are all governed by the left hemisphere.
- Four lobes: The frontal lobe regulates movement, thought, memory, and reasoning. The parietal lobe aids in our comprehension of information pertaining to skin. Our eyesight is controlled by the occipital lobe. The temporal lobe controls hearing, language comprehension, and language memory.
2.) Explain the significance of endocrine glands in human behaviour. State the functions of any five endocrine glands in detail.
Answer:
- Hormones are important chemicals that are secreted by endocrine glands. Hormones have a significant influence on how people behave.
- Certain habits or the lack of reactions are caused by hormones.
- Hormone production that is excessive (hyper) or inadequate (hypo) can result in a number of issues.
- For instance, the pancreas’s excessive release of insulin and glycogen hormones lowers blood sugar levels. It causes hyperglycemia, which causes a loss of enthusiasm and energy. A person may also faint and enter a coma as a consequence. On the other hand, if there is hyposecretion, diabetes results. He is unusually hungry, is exhausted, and has restless feelings. Additionally, he exhibits irritable conduct and experiences frequent, uncontrollable urinating.
- The five endocrine glands have the following functions:
- Thyroxin, which the thyroid gland secretes, regulates the pace of metabolism.
- Parathyroid gland: It releases parathyroxin, which keeps the equilibrium of calcium and phosphate.
- The pancreas, which secretes insulin and glycogen to keep blood sugar levels stable.
- Adrenal gland: The cortex releases cortin or cortisone to keep the levels of salt, sugar, and water stable. Adrenalin, which is linked to fear, and noradrenaline, which is linked to rage, are both secreted by the medulla. The medulla is crucial to emotional excitation.
- Gonads (sex gland): Male testes produce androgen and testosterone for release. The secondary sex traits that men exhibit are brought on by these hormones. Their tone gets husky. They develop beards and moustaches as well. Progesterone and oestrogen are produced by the ovaries in females. Secondary sex traits in females are brought on by these hormones. Menarche starts and the development of feminine features follows.