Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur ICSE Class 7 Chemistry Chapter 1 Matter Solution
Here we have provided complete solution of Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur ICSE Class 7 chemistry chapter 1. This solution is prepared by our team of expert teachers. Study the following solutions for more in-depth understanding.
Board | ICSE |
Class | 7 |
Subject | Chemistry |
Chapter | 1 |
Chapter Name | Matter |
Author | Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur |
Objective Type Questions
A)
1) Option B – Kerosene
2) Option B – Evaporation
3) Option A – Particles Gain Energy
4) Option A – Gases have no definite Volume
5) Option A – Sodium Chloride
6) Option A – The constituent particles are closely packed
7) Option D – Deposition
8) Option D – All of these
9) Option B – A liquid cannot flow easily.
10) Option D – None of these
11) Option B – The molecules in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern.
12) Option D – All of these.
B) Fill in the blanks
1) Dry ice
2) Freezing
3) Atmospheric Pressure
4) Gases
5) Space, mass
6) Greater
7) Arrangement
C) Write T for true and F for false statements
1) False (F)
2) True (T)
3) True (T)
4) False (F)
5) False (F)
6) True (T)
7) False (F)
D) Match the following.
1) Formation of Clouds – B) Condensation
2) Drying of water from clothes – D) Evaporation
3) Decrease in the size of naphthalene balls – A) Sublimation
4) Formation of ice cubes from water – C) Freezing
E) Identify a, b, c, d, e and f in the following
a = Freezing
b = Melting
c = Deposition
d = Sublimation
e = Evaporation
f = Condensation
Subjective Type Questions
F) Answer the following questions in short.
1) The inter-particle attraction forces between the particles of gases are negligible so they are free to move in any direction. This is why the particles of a gas do not have fixed position hence, gases have no fixed shape.
2)
a) Gases have the maximum movement of particles.
b) Solids have the maximum interparticle attraction.
c) Solids have minimum spaces between particles.
3)
a) Solid: Two characteristic properties of solid are given below
i) The interparticle attraction force between the particles of a solid is very high so the particles cannot move freely and can vibrate only about a fixed position.
ii) The solid objects have a fixed size and volume because of their closely packed particles.
b) Liquid: Two characteristic properties of liquid are given below
i) The interparticle forces between the particles of a liquid are not as high as solids. It is enough for holding the particles together but not enough for holding them at a fixed position.
ii) A liquid has a fixed volume but does not have a fixed shape. That’s why liquid cannot be compressed.
c) Gas: Two characteristic properties of gas are given below
i) In gases the inteparticle forces are negligible so the particles can move freely. So the distance between the particles of a gas is not fixed.
ii) A gas has neither fixed volume nor fixed shape.
4) The main difference between solid, liquid and gas is the arrangement of their particles.
Solids have fixed shape and volume as its particles are cannot move freely and packed very densely.
Liquids have fixed volume but not fixed shape as its particles are closely held together but they can move freely.
Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume as its particles don’t have enough attraction force between them for holding them together.
5) Physical state of matter can be changed by changing pressure. Carbon dioxide can be turned into solid carbon dioxide called dry ice by using high pressure.
6) When a solid substance is directly turned into gas or vapor the process is called sublimation. When a gas is directly turned into solid substance is called deposition.
7) In solids there is a strong force of attraction between particles making them closely packed. This is why solids have a very high density.
8) The force of attraction between the particles of a liquid is not strong enough to hold them in fixed position that’s why the particles can move freely. This is the reason why liquids can flow easily from one place to another place.
9) The attraction force between the particles of a gas is negligible so the particles can move freely. This is why when a gas is put into an empty container the gas fills it completely.
10) The interparticle attraction forces of liquid is not so strong that it can hold the particles in a fixed position that’s why liquids have no particular shape. Liquids take the shape of the container it is kept in.
G) Answer the following questions in detail.
1)
Solid | Liquid | Gas |
1) The interparticle forces are very high in solid substance. | 1) The interparticle forces of liquids are not as high as a solid substance. | 1) The interparticle forces are negligible in Gaseous substance. |
2) The Particles of solid are closely packed.
The distance between the particles is minimal. |
2) The particles of liquid are close together but not as close as solids. The distance between the particles is fixed. | 2) The particles of gas stay apart from each other. The distance between them is not fixed. |
3) The particles of solid objects cannot move at all and vibrate about a fixed point. | 3) The particles of a liquid substance can move freely within the liquid. | 3) The particles of a Gaseous substance are not bound by interparticle forces so they are free to move in all directions |
4) Solid objects have a fixed shape and volume. | 4) Liquid substances have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. | 4) Gases have neither fixed shape nor fixed volume. |
5) Solid substance cannot be compressed. | 6) Liquid substances cannot be compressed | 6) Gaseous substances can easily be compressed. |
2) The terms related to the Interconversion of states of Matter by Changing Temperature are melting, boiling, evaporation, condensation, freezing, sublimation and deposition.
i) When a solid object changes its state and turns into liquid upon heating, the process is known as melting.
ii) When a liquid substance is turned into gas very fast when heated. The process is called Boiling. The temperature at which boiling starts is called boiling temperature.
iii) When a liquid substance turns into gas or vacuum without heating the process is called evaporation.
iv) When gas is turned into liquid the process is known Condensation.
v) When a liquid is turned into ice by cooling the process is called freezing.
vi) When solid substances can directly turn into gasses it is called sublimation
vii) When a gas is directly turned into sold it is called deposition.
3) There are 3 types of matter based on the states of those matters which are solid, liquid and gas. There are some primary properties of the substances that define the classification of them.
i) The distance between particles
The distance between the particles is maximum in gases, minimum in solids and a little more than solids in liquids.
ii) Interparticle forces
The interparticle attraction forces are strongest in solid substances, a little less strong in liquid substances and negligible in the gaseous substances.
iii) Amount of kinetic energy in the particles.
The amount of kinetic energy in gases is maximum and minimum in solid substances. The energy in liquids is little more than that of solids.
Picture-based Questions
Observe the given images and compare it with arrangement of particles in different states of matter.
Picture 1
In the picture 1 students are sitting in the classroom. They are sitting close to each other and not running freely. Their orientation has similarities with the arrangement of particles of solid substances.
Picture 2
In the picture 2 we can see that students are walking in hallway pretty close to each other but not as close as they were in the classroom. They are free to walk within the hallway. This has similarities with the particle arrangements of liquid substances where particles are close to each other but free to move within the liquid.
Picture 3
In the picture 3 we can see that students are running and playing in the field. The distances between the students are not fixed and they are moving freely towards any direction without any restriction. This has similarities with the particles of the gases where distance between the particles is not fixed and the particles are free to move in any direction.
Application-Based Questions
1) Here are some examples of evaporation we can see in our daily life.
i) Evaporation of water from ponds in summer.
ii) Evaporation of water from fruits when they are kept in sun for drying.
iii) Drying of wet hair after bath by evaporation.
iv) Drying of washed clothes by evaporation of water.
v) Evaporation of dew drops from the leaves.
2)
a) The value of temperature X is 0° C.
b) The process P is called Freezing
The process Q is called Melting.
Chapter 2 : Physical and Chemical Changes
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