Karnataka Board Class 8 History Chapter 3 Ancient Civilizations of India Solution Exercise Question and Answer
(I) Complete the following sentences:
(1) The Fertile land that is near Bolan Pass _________.
Ans: – Mehrgarh
(2) Harappa was found in the _______ Valley of Punjab.
Ans: – Sindhu
(3) Harappan people depended on agriculture and _________ .
Ans: – animal husbandry
(4) The Oldest Veda is ________ .
Ans: – rig veda
(II) Answer briefly:
(1) Write on the special features of Harappa cities.
Ans: – The Harappan civilization developed on the banks of the river Indus. The civilization of that era had reached the zenith of its development. It is unthinkable that science has improved So much in that era. They city was completely planned, and it looks as if one engineer has planned and transformed the whole city. Each section is completely separate and well equipped from each other. The whole town and town houses were made of stone and burnt brick. The structure of the whole city of Harappa was incomparable. Even the wall of the house bear the identify of extreme industrial architectural specimens. Many of the things used in that era match the identity of the things used in the present era. It is surprising to think that water tanks were used for water in that era. These tanks built of brick so as to prevent the seepage of water from the tank. Due to the fact that such advanced engineering intelligence is truly amazing, people still have considerable doubts about the method of construction of the Harappan civilization.
(2) Write a note on the great bath of Mohenjo-Daro.
Ans: – One of the most amazing things about Harappan civilization. Harappan bathroom was situated in the centre of the city. Its construction system was no less than the swimming pool of the present era. The structure of the birth was awsom engineering skill. It was constructed in a very methodical manner. There were stairs to get down into the water. Cold water and hot water were provided the tank was surrounded. There were designated rooms for changing clothes the water was probably supplied to the tank by a well. Ans the used water lay out by a drain. Probably very important people used to take bath in this pool on special occasions.
(3) How was the nature of town plan during Harappa civilization?
Ans: – It is really amazing to see the infrastructure of Harappa city. The building in the city of Harappa and to the beauty of their architectural monuments. The city was divided into two parts one is the lower part of the city and lower part of the city. Citadels method of formation was made with extreme intelligence. The structure of citadel was such that it protected everyone from future attack. This is usually used during war.
And was built as a place of self defence. Citadel was a barn, bath, religious place and place of residence. The lower town in the low lying area of the city was the place of habitation of the people. Systemically laid out houses, Roads and drains can be seen here. Almost wary person lived in either are or two storied house. The houses were built of bricks and had a strong wall. There were rooms all around the courtyard inside. The main door faced the start Nome of the windows opened onto the streets. There were bathrooms in the houses. Some houses had wells which supplied water.
The cities had a nearly laid out underground sewage system. The drains were built of brick and covered with stone slabs. The gutter of each house was linked to the main drain outside, and enable the flow of dirty water from the house to the main drain. Holes were created in the drains to enable timely cleaning of them.
(4.) Name the Vedas
(5) What Yagna and Yagas were important during the Vedic period?
Ans: – After Rigveda, Soma – veda, Yajur – veda. Atharva – Veda appeared as the constitution and contributory to it. These are named after three priests who conduct three different types of ‘yagnas’.
Samman (Udgaathri = Singer)
Adhvaryu (the one who recites Yajus Suthras)
Atharvan (Angira=Priest of Agni) Yajava was prevalent in the Aryan period. The kings used to perform Yagna in the kingdom before doing any good deeds. Yajnas were performed in the state of increase the crops for the welfare of the people. It is also performed in the kingdom to cut off the influence of evil. The Yagya –Yagna of the Aryan age covered greatness was indescribable. It is narrated that animal sacrifice are offered to the lord during the Yagna.
(6) Name the professions of the post Vedic period.
Ans: – Forming has become much more important than hunting or animal husbandry. People were not only stuck in farming or animal husbandry but also people of different professions were employed in the trade of goldsmiths, carpenter, Blacksmith.