Karnataka Board Class 10 History Chapter 8 Era of Gandhi and National Movement Solution Exercise Question and Answer
(I) (1.) Gandhiji was born in ____
(2.) Jallianwala Bhag massacre took place while protesting against ____.act.
(3.) The movement led by Ali brothers was ____
(4.) A separate nation for Muslims was put forward by ____
(5.) The President of Indian National Congress session of 1929 was ____
(6.) Mahad and Kalaram movement was formed by ____
(7.) The leadership of Indian National Army’s Jhansi regiment was held by ____
(8.) Gandhiji held Salt Sathyagrah in ____
(9.) Quit India movement took place in ____
1) 1869
2) Rowlatt Act
3) Khilafat movement
4) Muslim League
5) Jawaharlal Nehru
6) BR Ambedkar
7) captain Lakshmi Swaminathan
8) 1930
9) 1942
(II) (1.) First Round Table Conference was held in
A 1930
(2) Swaraj Party was founded in the year
Ans. 1923
(3) The president of Haripur session of Indian National Congress was –
Ans. D Subhash Chandra Bose
(4) ______ is known as the Iron Man of India.
Ans. D SardarVallabhbhai Patel
(III) (1) What were the internal tools of Gandhiji’s struggles?
The initial tools of Gandhi were
A) Satyagraha
B) B) ahimsa/ non violence
C) C) Hindu Muslim Unity
(2) List out the programmes of Non-Cooperation Movement
The main programs of non cooperation movement were:
A) Boycotting schools and colleges and courts.
B) Boycotting elections to regional legislative bodies held according to 1919 act.
C) Returning all the honours and medals given by the British.
D) Nominated members to the local bodies resigning from their membership.
E) Boycotting all the government functions
F) Boycotting all foreign goods.
Apart from these, the non cooperation movement aimed at encouraging the activities of Handlooms and the production of Khadi. It’s also wanted to open National schools, achieving Unity among Muslims and Hindus, eradicating untouchability and of lifting the women by empowering them.
(3) Explain Chouri Chaura incident.
Ans. Chouri Choura incident: on February 5 1922 a big group of around 3000 farmers assembled in front of the police station. They had assembled there to protect against the police officer who had beaten Congress workers when they wear protesting in front of an arrack shop. The police started shooting from inside the station. Enraged by this act, people torched the station. As a result all the 22 policemen died. Search violent incidents were repeated in other places too. This incident was famously known as the chouri Choura incident.
(4) Discuss Salt Sathyagraha.
Salt Satyagraha: in 1930 the working committee of the Congress met at Sabarmati Ashram and passed a resolution to hold civil disobedience under the leadership of Gandhiji. Gandhi Road a letter to the viceroy putting forward 11 points. In case the government does not accept these demands the people would stop paying tax and also start civil disobedience movement all over India. As the viceroy rejected the demands,Gandhiji declared on March 12 1930 that he would walk with followers up to Dandi on the coast of Gujarat. Hi convert 375 kilometres on foot and reached Dandi. He broke the law by holding a fistful salt without paying the tax which the British had levied on salt. Charaka the spinning wheel became famous during this March. Thousands of people participated in this Satyagraha. This incident was famously known as Salt Satyagraha.
(5) What were the reasons for Quit India Movement?
The reasons behind the Quit India Movement:The Cripps commission which was sent by the British government proposed some suggestions in front of Indians. Proposals like according Dominion status to India and calling a meeting to draft new Constitution was tabled. It was proposed that all states will have liberty to be part of the new Federation or not. These proposals were opposed by the Congress and called for Quit India Movement. The Quit India Movement declared ‘ British, you quit India’. Gandhi gave call to the fellow Indians To ‘ do or die’.
(6) What was the outcome of Second Round Table conference?
Outcome of the second round table conference: the second round table conference too ended without any conclusion. But the British government announced its decisions to provide separate electorate constituencies to the untouchables.
(8) Explain the various tribal revolts in the history of Independence struggle.
Various tribal revolts in the history of Independence struggle: the tax and forest policies implemented during the British administration where the reasons for tribal revolts. Among them, the revolts of santala,kolaand Munda are important. Halagalibeda’s revolt of Karnataka is another notable revolt.
The revolt of Santhal tribe is considered as an important Revolt in India. The people of this tribe are present in the hilly areas of Bengal and Odisha. With implementation of permanent zamindari system, these people became landless. The land developed by them was taken over by the zamindars.Zamindars, money lenders and the company government became the exploiters of the Santhal tribe. There peace loving nature and civilized manner were exploited by the government. The upset Santhalas met secretly and decided to loot the zamindars and moneylenders. The Revolt was severe in bhagatpur,barahath and Rajmahal areas. As a result the tribal people killed their enemies. Frightened moneylenders and zamindars fled from These areas. Though, the revolt of the Santhalas came to an end, it became an inspiration for many revolts in future.
(9) Explain the major acheivements of Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India.
Achievements of Nehru as the Prime Minister of India: as the Prime Minister of India, Nehru can be seen as the architect of industrialization and modern India. Nehru became instrumental in the integration of India which was achieved through the home minister of his cabinet, Vallabhbhai Patel, the Iron Man of India, who was successful in bringing all the princely states of India together. He also laid foundations for the diverse culture of India by implementing ‘ language based reorganisation of States’ policy. He had family believed that only complete industrialisation can bring development.
He sought to develop India through five year plans. He sought to develop infrastructure and heavy industries through this five year plans. With the aim of mastering atomic energy he laid the foundation for that under the leadership of H.J Bhava. On the external affairs front India wanted to stay away from both the powerful blocs of cold war period and advocated non aligned movement. He was instrumental in staying away from power politics by adhering to topanchasheela principles.