Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 6 Population of India Questions and Answers Solution, Notes by Expert Teacher Priya Verma. Karnataka Class 12 Geography Solution Chapter 6.
There are 2 Parts in Karnataka Class 12 Textbook. Here You will find Part A Fundamental of Population of India’s Chapter 6 Population of India (Growth, Density and Distribution, Composition – Sex Ratio, Literacy, Age Structure, Rural and Urban Population, Migration – Types, Causes and Consequences, Human Development).
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 6 – Population of India Solution
- State – Karnataka.
- Class – 2nd PUC / Class 12
- Subject – Geography.
- Topic – Solution / Notes.
- Chapter – 6
- Chapter Name – Population of India.
- Subpart – Growth, Density and Distribution, Composition – Sex Ratio, Literacy, Age Structure, Rural and Urban Population, Migration – Types, Causes and Consequences, Human Development.
(I) Answer the following questions in one word or sentence each:
(1) What is the total population of India according to 2011 census?
Answer :
Total population of India as per 2011 census is 121.01 crore.
(2) Name the state recorded highestliteracy rate of India.
Answer :
Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India.
(3) Which state has highest density of population?
Answer :
Bihar has the highest density of population in India.
(4) What is the average birth and death rate of India?
Answer :
The average birth rate and death rate of India is 22.2 per thousand and 6.4 per thousand respectively.
(5) Which state has highest sex ratio?
Answer :
Kerala Has the highest sex ratio in India.
(6) Name the highest and lowest density states of India.
Answer :
Bihar and Arunachal Pradesh are the highest and lowest density states of India respectively.
(7) What is the average population density of India according to 2011 census?
Answer :
382 persons per square kilometre Is the average population density as per 2011 census.
(8) Which union territory has highest population density?
Answer :
Delhi is the union territory which has the highest population density.
(9) In which year family planning programme was introduced in India?
Answer :
A family planning program was introduced in 1952.
(10) Which decade is known as great divide in Indian census?
Answer :
Decade is known as the great divide in the Indian census.
(11) What is the average literacy rate of India according to 2011 census?
Answer :
Average literacy rate according to the 2011 Census is 74.4%.
(12) What is migration?
Answer :
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
(13) Which stream of internal migration is called as women migration?
Answer :
Matrimonial migration stream of internal migration is called as women migration
(14) What is the rank of human development index of India according to 2011?
Answer :
rank of India according to Human Development index 2011 is 134
(15) Which decade has lowest population growth after independence of India?
Answer :
After the independence of India 2001-11 decade has the lowest population growth
(16) Expand UNDP.
Answer :
UNDP stands for United Nations development programme.
(II) Answer the following questions in three to four sentences each:
(17) What you meant by population explosion?
Answer :
When the rate of population growth exceeds the carrying capacity of nature and natural resources then it is known as population explosion. This is a face of rapid population.
(18) What is population density?
Answer :
The number of persons living per square kilometre is known as population density. As per 2011 census the average population density of India is 382 persons per square kilometre.
(19) Give any four causes for high birth rate in India.
Answer :
The number of children born per 1000 population in a given time period is known as the birth rate. The main factors which are responsible for high birth rate in India are early marriage, universal marriage, religious and social superstitions, illiteracy polygamy etc.
(20) What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
Answer :
When people come to a certain place then it is known as in-migration or immigration. It has a positive effect on population growth. When people move out from a given area then it is known as emigration or out-migration. It has a negative effect on population growth.
(21) Give any four causes for low death rate in India.
Answer :
The number of deaths recorded 1000 population in a given time period is known as the death rate. As per 2011 census the average death rate in India is 6.4 per 1000 population. India has a declining trend in death rate because of health inventions like control of epidemics, decline in the incidence of diseases like malaria and tuberculosis, expansion of medical facilities, education, improvement in nutrition level etc.
(22) What is the difference between Intra-state and Inter-state migration?
Answer :
When people migrate from one state to another state then it is known as interstate migration. Whereas when people migrate from one place to another place within a state then it is known as intra-state migration.
(23) What are the four streams of internal migration?
Answer :
When people move from one place to another within a same country is known as internal migration. there are four streams of internal migration-
- Rural to rural
- Rural to urban
- urban to urban
- urban to rural
(24) State any two positive effects of migration.
Answer :
Migration increases the rate of employment and ensures the supply of labour in the required areas. It also maintains the density of the population and demographic structure of the region.
(25) Name any two factors influenced on Human development Index in India,
Answer :
Human Development index shows the development of a country on all the major social economic indicators. The factors which affect the human development index of India are birth rate and death rate, life expectancy, food and nutrition etc.
(26) Name the states of highest and lowest HDI in India.
Answer :
As per the United Nations development programme’s, Human Development index Kerala has the highest HDI in India whereas Chhattisgarh has the lowest HDI in India.
(III) Answer the following questions
(27) Explain the trend of population growth in India.
Answer :
The number of people residing in a certain area is known as population. The population growth in India has not been uniform. Its population growth is divided into 4 phases.
- The first stage of population growth from 1901 to1921 had a stagnant growth rate of population. The growth was very slow and even a negative growth rate of – 0.31% was observed. It was because of various disease outbreaks like plague, Cholera, malaria, influenza etc.
- From 1921 to 1951 India witnessed the steady growth of population. This is classified as the second stage of population growth. In this phase the population has increased moderately. The number of epidemics and disease outbreaks decreased because of which the death rate decreased.
- From 1951 to 1981 India had a rapid high growth of population. During this time period India had a high population growth rate. In this phase the death rate reduced drastically whereas the birth rate increased. During this time many social economic programs were implemented.
- The time period between 1981 to 2011 has been mentioned as the fourth stage of population growth. This was the phase of high growth of population but there were indications of slowing down. Here the trend of growth rate of population gradually decreased. The population growth rate came down to 17.64% in 2011. The death rate also decreased but the base population was enough to sustain a high population growth.
(28) Describe the factors responsible for rapid growth of population in India.
Answer :
There are several factors which are responsible for the rapid growth of population in India. There are three factors which are responsible for the growth of population. They are birth rate, death rate and migration. In India the birth rate and death rate play a more prominent role.
Birth rate- the number of children born per 1000 population in a given time period is known as birth rate. In 1901 the birth rate in India was as high as 49.2. Later in 2011 it declined to 22.22 per thousand. Reasons of high birth rate in India are early marriage, universal marriage, religious superstitions, illiteracy polygamy, patriarchy etc.
Death rate- the number of deaths per 1000 population in a given time period is known as death rate the death rate was as high as 42.6 per thousand in 1901 but it had a shop decline and reduced to 6.4 per thousand in 2011. This reduction in death rate can be attributed to better social and economic planning, control of epidemics, better health facilities, education, improvement in nutrition level etc.
So the birth rate has declined after the independence of India but the death rate has also declined which is the main cause of high increase in population in India.
(29) Explain the factors responsible for uneven distribution of population in
India.
Answer :
India is the second most populous country in the world but the distribution of population is not even in the whole of the country. States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal have high population density compared to states like Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya etc. While states like Jharkhand, Assam, Goa, Maharashtra etc have medium population density. There are numerous factors which affect the distribution of population in the country like-
- The physical features and terrain of the place. The mountainous and hilly regions have less population because they are geographically unstable regions and face more natural calamities like cloudbursts, landslides etc.
- The climatic conditions also affect the population density. like extremely hot conditions in the Thar desert of Rajasthan and high rainfall areas of Meghalaya have less population density compared to stable northern plains.
- The fertility and soil characteristics also affect the population density. The highly fertile regions of Northern plains, eastern and western coastal plains are highly populated compared to the infertile Sandy desert.
- The distribution of resources is also an important factor. The reasons for Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Jharkhand being highly populated areas are because of the high mineral and resource richness of these locations.
- The premium trading nodes are highly industrialised and have high population density because of their economic importance. for example Mumbai, Surat, Bhilai, Durgapur and Bengaluru. They provide employment opportunities.
(30) Discuss the composition of population in India
Answer :
The composition of population means the distribution of population across indicators like sex ratio, literacy, age structure, rural and urban population etc. In India all these data are expressed in the decadal census.
- Sexratio the number of female for 1000 males is known as sex ratio. Sex ratio is not uniform all over the country. State like Kerala have more females than males while the sex ratio in Haryana is the least among all the Indian states. Haryana has 877 females per thousand males.
- Literacy– literacy is the ability of a person to read and write with understanding things. India has an average literacy rate of 74.4%. Though the male and female literacy is not the same, the male literacy stands at 82.1% in contrast to female literacy which is only 65.5%. There is huge disparity among States also as Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91% while Bihar has the lowest literacy rate in India with 63.82%.
- Age structure– on the basis of age population is classified into three major categories. Their infants, adults and aged groups. Individuals from 0 to 14 years of age are called infants, from 15 to 59 years old are adults, whereas people above 60 years of age are called senior citizens. According to census 2011 31.10% of Indian population are infants and 5.3% are aged, whereas the adult population in India is 63.60%.
- Rural and urban population– according to the 2011 Census, in India 76.4% of the total population lives in rural areas whereas only 23.6% of the total population lives in urban areas. Though 51% of the world population lives in urban areas.
(31) What are the problems caused with rapid growth of population?
Answer :
The third stage of population growth in India is known for rapid high growth. It started from 1951 and lasted till 1981. There are various impacts of rapid growth of population like-
- Burden and natural resources and various civic and social amenities. Because of high population services like education, health, medical housing, drinking water, electricity and sanitation etc which are the basic requirements of any society, they work under extreme pressure and are not able to solve the problems of the complete population. It causes social inequality in the country.
- Rising unemployment and underemployment in the country. Because of huge population growth and the unmatched group of employment sectors causes huge unemployment in the country. It has various social implications like increasing crime rates, exploitation etc
- Shortage of food and malnutrition is another issue. Due to increasing urbanisation and huge population growth the area under cultivation is decreasing gradually. Which makes it difficult for an agricultural country to serve its population.
- The growth of per capita income in the country is low. Because of the huge population the real increase in per capita income is low. Like the national income of the country grows about 3.6% per annum but its per capita income has grown only by 1.5% annually.
- As a part of the demographic cycle, because of the huge population the population of dependent individuals also increases. It increases the expenditure on various social sector schemes which are not economically very sound.
(32) Explain the types of migration.
Answer :
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another for various factors like employment, education, marriage, security etc. migration can be classified into two types. They are internal migration and international migration. Internal migration is the movement of people within the same country whereas international migration is the movement of people across the border to a different country. Internal migration is for the classified into four types-
- Rural to rural- 62.5% of the total migration in the country is of this category only. It is mainly because of matrimonial alliances, agriculture labours etc. women migration dominate this category.
- Rural to urban-this type of migration accounts for 17.6% of the total migration of. People usually move from rural areas to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities, better health care facilities etc. This category of migration is dominated by male migrants.
- Urban to urban– accounts for 11.2% the total migration in the country. It is usually from a smaller urban settlement to a larger urban settlement basically for better social and economic facilities.
- Urban to rural– this is least among all types of migration. It is usually because of the ill effects of urbanisation. People usually move from urban areas to rural areas because of pollution and diseases like heart and lung ailments.
International migration is also classified into two types. They are emigration and immigration. When people leave one country then it is called emigration and when they come to our country then it is known as immigration.
(33) Describe the effects of migration.
Answer :
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another for various factors like employment, education, marriage, security etc. There are various effects in the composition and distribution of people because of migration. There are various effects of migration like-
Positive effects-
- It controls population density
- it helps the people to get better employment opportunity
- it ensures the supply of labour
- it improves the demographic structure of region
- it reduces inequality in the society
negative effect-
- It increases the density of population in urban centres
- it leads to creation of slums and huge economic disparities
- it create undue stress on natural resources and civic amenities like water, electricity etc
- It causes various ethnic, religious and language problems resulting in demonstrations and ethnic strifesetc
- It affects the job opportunities of native people
(34) Explain the controlling measures of migration.
Answer :
There are various measures taken to control the large-scale migration and the ill treatment of the migrant population. Like-
- Ensuring economic equality in the rural and urban areas as it will reduce the rural to urban migration
- development of rural regions and equipping them with various social and civic amenities
- creating more employment opportunities in the local areas
- Improving the pattern of urban Development to tackle with the problem of slums
- Increasing the social coverage of the underserved population
- Better urban planning and developing industrial areas outside cities
- Developing satellite towns around the big economic centres to handle the huge population density.
(35) Discus the factors affected on human development index in India.
Answer :
Human Development is a qualitative improvement of the people residing in the country. Like controlling communicable diseases, better life expectancy, better health amenities etc. The United Nations development program publishes an annual report known as the human development report which ranks various countries according to their performance on various indicators which show the status of Human Development in various countries. The factors which influence human development in India are-
- Birth rate and death rate- declining death rates is a good indicator of Human Development but the corresponding birth rates have not declined significantly which is the main reason for poor performance of India in the Human Development index. The huge population burden creates problems in distribution of natural resources among people.
- life expectancy- the life expectancy of people in India has gone up from 22.95 years and 33.31 years for males and females respectively in 1901 to 1911, to 65.7 and 67.95 years respectively for males and females in 2011 to 2012. It shows the better and improving medical facilities in the country.
- food and nutrition- improvement in health outcomes are directly related to the food and nutritional conditions. The rank of India in global hunger index 2011 is 15th. India has one of the highest number of children which are suffering from malnutrition. It shows the poor nutritional conditions in the country.
- literacy- the literacy rate in India has significantly improved after its freedom. Literacy rate in India in 1947 was 12% which improved to 74.04% in 2011. Though it is still less than the world average literacy of 84%. There is a disparity among the male and female literacy in India as male literacy in India stands at 82.14% whereas female literacy is only 65.46%.
● poverty- according to United Nations development program data of 2010, 29.8% of the population in India is living below the poverty line. India is facing a huge problem of poverty as the 2013 report of United Nations also states that one third of the world’s poorest population lives in India. Poverty also translates into poor quality of life, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy and consequently low level of human development.