Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 13 Representations of Geographical Data Questions and Answers Solution, Notes by Expert Teacher Priya Verma. Karnataka Class 12 Geography Solution Chapter 13.
There are 2 Parts in Karnataka Class 12 Textbook. Here You will find Part A Fundamental of Representations of Geographical Data’s Chapter 13 Representations of Geographical Data (Important and Types, New Dimensions of Representations of Geographical Data – Green Revolution, Organic Farming, Tissue Culture And Holticulture, Major Crops – Food Crops – Rice and Wheat, Commercial Crops – Sugarcane and Cotton. Plantation Crops – Tea and Coffee).
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 13 – Representations of Geographical Data Solution
State – Karnataka.
Class – 2nd PUC / Class 12
Subject – Geography.
Topic – Solution / Notes.
Chapter – 8
Chapter Name – Representations of Geographical Data.
Subpart – Major Minerals, Power Resources, Non Conventional Power Resources, Conservation and Management.
Exercise-1. Construct a line-graph by using the following data
Trends in the density of populatin – India
year | Density (per km2) | |
1951 | 117 | |
1961 | 142 | |
1971 | 177 | |
1981 | 216 | |
1991 | 267 | |
2001 | 324 | |
2011 | 382 |
Answer :
Exercise-2. Construct a Double line graph by using the following data Trend in Average life expectancy India (in years)
year | Male | Female |
1941-51 | 32.5 | 31.7 |
1951-61 | 41.9 | 40.61 |
1961-71 | 52.2 | 51,9 |
1971-81 | 53.6 | 52.9 |
1981-91 | 55.9 | 55.9 |
1991-01 | 61.6 | 63.3 |
2001-11 | 65.8 | 68.0 |
Answer :
Exercise-3. Construct a Simple-bar graph by using the following data India: Decade-wise sugarcane production (in million tons)
Year | Production |
1951 | 57.00 |
1961 | 110.0 |
1971 | 126.4 |
1981 | 156.2 |
1991 | 241.0 |
2001 | 286.0 |
2011 | 310.01 |
Answer :
Exercise – 4. Construct a double bar-graph by using the following data Karnataka: Selected district-wise density of population (per sq.km)
District | 2001 | 2011 |
Ramnagar | 288 | 3031 |
Bangalore (rural) | 380 | 441 |
Chikkaballapur | 273 | 298 |
Kolar | 346 | 384 |
Yadagir | 183 | 224 |
Gulbarga | 198 | 233 |
Answer :
Exercise-5. Construct a Pie-diagram Pie-diagram by using the following data India: Area under coffee culivation (in %)
State | Area |
Karnataa | 56.6 |
Kerala | 21.6 |
Tamil Nadu | 7.8 |
Others | 14.0 |
Answer :
(6) Explain the primary sources of data ?
Answer :
The data which is collected for the first time by a researcher, or a group of researchers, institutions, or organisations is called as primary source of data. It is done through personal interviews, by observations, by questionnaire and by other methods also. Through personal interviews, interviewer gets the direct information from the respondents through dialogues and conversations. In observations, various natural phenomenon, relief features, drainage patterns etc are studied and collected. In questionnaire a set of questions is provided to the respondent to answer, and the respondent provides its opinions. Some other methods are like telephone interviews, measuring properties etc.
(7) Explain the secondary sources of data ?
Answer :
Secondary sources of data are analysed by departments, organizations, NGO’s etc. In this method data is taken from primary sources of data and then interpreted. It is classified into two types- Published sources and Unpublished sources. Published sources are like international publications of organisations like WHO, FAO, UNDP, UNESCO etc, Government publications like NSSO, CSO, office of Registrar general etc, semi government publications and private publications like newspapers and periodicals. Where Unpublished sources are like government documents, semi-government records and private publications.
(8) Distinguish between primary and secondarydata ?
Answer :
The data which is collected for the first time by a researcher, or a group of researchers, institutions, or organisations is called as primary source of data. Whereas Secondary sources of data are analysed by departments, organizations, NGO’s etc. Primary sources of data include personal interviews, by observations, by questionnaire and by other methods also and secondary sources of data includes – Published sources and Unpublished sources. Primary sources of data include the information which is directly collected from the respondent and the secondary sources process the data which is produced by primary sources.
(9) Explain the components of GIS
Answer :
There are five components of GIS-
- Data– It is divided into spatial, non-spatial, and continuous data. Spatial data includes geographic locational data, non-spatial data includes the information other than specific geographic data.
- Software– it is the programme which is designed to the run the computer. For example, ArcGIS, ArcInfo, iGIS etc.
- Hardware– it includes the hardware like Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Scanner etc.
- People– it includes the skilled man force, which is involved in data capturing, processing, and analysing.
- Analysis– it involves processing information collected to get the valuable information.
(10) Explain the functions of GIS
Answer :
Various functions of GIS are-
- DataCapture– Collecting the geographic data from various sources like hard copy map, topo sheet etc.
- DataStoring– The captured data is stored in a digital format to be stored in computer for further processing.
- Query– The stored functional data is ready to answer simple questions like area of the place, land zoned for industrial use etc.
- Analysis– In this the data which is processed provides information about the queries like distance features, visual operations that integrated information, the edges and junction points etc.
- Display– When the maps, diagrams, graphs, tables are designed they are ready to be displayed on the computer screen.
- Output-It is the final stage in which the displayed final map, diagrams, graphs, tables etc are printed and produced as a hard copy.
(11) Explain the segments of GPS
Answer :
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has three segments-
- The space segment-It includes the satellite constellations which is working above the 20200 km from the earth’s surface. Presently it includes the 24 functioning GPS satellites located in the six orbital planes and 4 satellites in each orbital plane. All the satellites are inclined at the 63 degrees to the equator.
- The control segment-It includes the facilities which are necessary for the healthy monitoring, telemetry, tracking command and control, clock error, computation of satellites. There are five ground GPS stations on earth. They are in Hawaii, Colorado Spring, Ascension Island, Diego Gracia, and Kwajalein.
- The user segment-It is the complete user and supplier community. It includes all the earth-based GPS receivers.
(12) Explain the applications of GPS
Answer :
There are various applications of GPS like-
- Navigation– It provides the information about road intersections, corner posts, plot canters, accident site, geological formations etc.
- RemotesensingandGIS– GPS positioning data can be integrated with remote sensing methods like photogrammetry and aerial scanning, magnetometry, and video technology. It is becoming an effective tool for data capture.
- Surveying/Mapping– The high precision of GPS carrier phase measurements, together with appropriate adjustment algorithms, provide a useful tool for surveying and mapping.
- Geodesy– Geodetic mapping and other control surveys can be used to produce high grade GPS requirements. It can set new standards in accuracy and productivity.
- Military-It was primarily developed for real time military positions. Its functions include airborne, marine and land navigation.
(13) Explain the elements of remote sensing
Answer :
There are various elements of remote sensing-
- Energy source or illumination (A)- Energy source which illuminates or provides electromagnetic energy to acquire information form the earth’s surface.
- Radiation and the atmosphere(B)- As energy travels from its source to the target, it comes in interacts with the atmosphere.
- Interaction with the target (C)- The energy interacts with the target depending on the properties of both the target and the radiation.
- Recording of Energy by the sensor (D)- When the energy is scattered of emitted from the target a sensor is required to receive, collect, and record the electromagnetic radiations.
- Transmission, Reception and Processing (E)- The energy recorded by the sensor must be transmitted to a receiving processing station where data are processed into an image.
- Interpretation and Analysis (F)- The processed image is interpreted to extract information about the target which is illuminated.
- Application (G)- The information which is analysed and interpreted is applied to better understand and solve the problem.
(14) Write the importance of remote sensing
Answer :
Through remote sensing technology we can collect data for detailed study of geographical and other phenomenon of earth surface. We can collect data related to agriculture, forest, urban and rural land use patterns, land cover, water availability, natural calamities, and natural resources etc. This collected data is used for various purposes like mapping, monitoring, studying of various phenomenon related to earth surface. It provides wide coverage, timely delivery, and high-resolution images of earth surface in digital format to support GIS technology.