Karnataka 1st PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 9 Physiography Questions and Answers Solution, Notes by Expert Teacher Priya Verma. Karnataka Class 11 Geography Solution Chapter 9.
There are 2 Parts in Karnataka Class 11 Textbook. Here You will find Part B Physical Environment of India’s Chapter 9 Physiography (Physical divisions, River system).
Karnataka 1st PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 9 – Physiography Solution
- State – Karnataka.
- Class – 1st PUC / Class 11
- Subject – Geography.
- Topic – Solution / Notes.
- Chapter – 9
- Chapter Name – Physiography.
- Subpart – Physical divisions, River system.
(I) Answer the following in a word or a sentence each.
(1) What is the other name to the Himalayas?
Answer:
Himalayas are also known as Young fold mountains.
(2) Which mountain range is called ‘backbone of Asia’?
Answer:
The Karakoramrange is known as the Backbone of Asia.
(3) Name the longest and the largest glacier of India.
Answer:
The longest and largest glacier of India is Siachen.
- What is the other name to Outer Himalayas?
Answer:
Outer Himalayas are also known as Siwalik.
(5) Name the largest doon of India.
Answer:
Largest doon of India is Dehradun.
(6) In which regional Himalayas Jelep la pass is found?
Answer:
Jelep la is found in Central or Sikkim Himalayas.
(7) What is Terai plain?
Answer:
Terai plains are the marshy tracts in the drainage pattern of a river. Here the river reappears.
(8) Mention the highest peak of Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
The highest peak of the peninsular plateau is Anaimudi.
(9)Which region of India is called ‘Ruhr of India’?
Answer:
The ChotaNagpur plateau is called Ruhr of India.
(10) Where do Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet?
Answer:
Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet at Nilgiri Hills.
(11) Name the longest coastal plains of India.
Answer:
Longest coastal plains of India are found in Gujarat.
(12) Why are the Himalayan rivers perennial?
Answer:
Himalayan rivers are perennial because their source of water is melting glaciers and they flow all around the year.
(13) From which mountain pass does the river Sutlej enter India?
Answer:
Sutlej enters from Shipki La pass in Himachal Pradesh.
(14) Which is the longest and the largest tributary of Ganga?
Answer:
The longest and largest tributary of river ganga is Yamuna.
(15) Name the largest and the longest river of South India.
Answer:
Longest and largest river of southern India is Godavari.
(II) Answer the following in two or three sentences each.
(1) Mention any two ranges of Trans HimalaAnswer:
Answer:
Trans Himalaya is divided into three important ranges- Karakoram range, Zaskar Range and Ladakh range.
(2) Name any two hill stations of the Himalayas.
Answer:
The important hill stations in the Himalayas are Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet, Almora etc. They are found in Lesser Himalayas also known as Inner Himalayas or Himachal ranges.
(3) Distinguish between Bhangar and Khadar plains.
Answer:
Bhangar plains are formed of old alluvium deposits, and they are characterised by loamy soil and sandy loamy soil. Whereas Khadar plains are formed by younger alluvium deposits and mostly sand, silt, mud, and clay are found here.
(4) Name any two ghats of the Western Ghats.
Answer:
The western Ghats are also known as Sahyadri. Some important coasts found in western ghats are Konkan coast, Karnataka coast, Malabar coast etc.
(5) Which coastal plains are found in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
The Konkan coast extends from Maharashtra to Karnataka and the Malabar coast extends from Mangalore to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
(6) State the difference between Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Answer:
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are found in the Bay of Bengal, and they are of volcanic origin. The Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin and found in the Arabian Sea.
(7) Name any four tributaries of river Indus.
Answer:
The river Indus originates near Mount Kailash and its important tributaries are The Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej etc.
(8) Mention any four west flowing rivers of Peninsular India.
Answer:
Some important west flowing rivers of peninsular India are the Tapi, the Kali, the Sharavati, the Netravati, thePeriyar etc.
(9) What are the salient features of River regime?
Answer:
Salient features of river regime are- it is dependent on the variability of the discharge of the water throughout the year depending upon the precipitation, temperature, and drainage basin. The pattern of flow of Himalayan riversis different from the flowing pattern of the peninsular rivers.
(10) What is the necessity of Inter-linking of Rivers?
Answer:
India has an unequal distribution of rainfall. Rivers of Himalayan origin are perennial whereas the rivers of peninsular India are seasonal. So some areas of India face flooding events while others have a drought.
(III) Answer the following.
(1) Name the important physical divisions of India. Explain the Himalayas.
Answer:
India has a great geographical diversity. On the basis of physiography it is divided into following physical divisions- The Northern Mountains, the northern plains, the peninsular plateau and the coastal plains.
The Himalayas come under the Northern Mountains. They are young fold mountains and stretch from Pamir Knot in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. Thereafter it takes a turn in south west direction and extends upto Myanmar. It is divided into three major streams-
- The trans Himalayas– It extends from the Pamir Knot to the Indus valley. It is made up of three parallel ranges. Namely Karakoram range, Zaskar range and the Ladakh range. It is a snow covered region and some famous glaciers are found here like siachin, Hispar, Baltoro etc.
- TheHimalayas– It is of tectonic origin of the Gondwana and the Angara landmass. The slope of the Himalayas is gentle towards the north and steep towards the south. It is mainly divided into three parallel ranges- The great Himalayas also called Himadri, the lesser Himalayas also known as Himachal and the outer Himalayas also known as Siwalik.
- Purvanchal or eastern Range– These are the Himalayas in the North eastern region. They have some important mountain ranges like Dafla, Miri hills, Mishmi Hills, Naga hills, Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills etc.
(2) Briefly explain the Regional Himalayas.
Answer:
The longitudinal division of Himalayas is also known as regional Himalayas. They are-
- The Kashmir Himalayas– it has an expanse of 700 square kilometers in Jammu and Kashmir. It has some important parallel ranges like Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar and PirPanjal. It has a special feature known as Karewa deposits which are found in Kashmir and it is famous for saffron cultivation
- The Himachal Himalayas– It is found in Punjab has all the three ranges of Himalayas- the greater, lesser and the Siwalik Himalayas. It has some famous valleys like Kullu, Kangra, Lahaul, Spiti etc. Some famous hill stations situated here are Kullu-Manali, Rohtang, Bara-Lacha La etc.
- The Kumaon Himalayas– It is found in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. It extends from the Sutlej in the west to the river Kali in the east. Some famous mountains found here are Nanda devi, Kamet, Trishul etc.
- The central or Sikkim Himalayas– It is found in Sikkim and West Bengal. It has the highest peaks in the world. Nathu la and jelep la are two famous passes located here.
- The Assam or eastern Himalayas- They cover the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. It has heavy rainfall. Assam tea gardens are famous all around the world.
(3) Describe the significance of Northern Plains.
Answer:
The northern plains lie in the zone of transition between the Northern Mountains and the Peninsular plateau. It is an area drained by various Himalayan rivers. It is rich in alluvial deposits carried by rivers like Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra etc. It covers the states of Punjab, Haryana, parts of Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Assam. It has a total area of about 7 lakh square km. Based on drainage channels, it is divided into four parts-
- Bhabhar plains– It is found in the foothills of Siwalik’s. It consists of gravels and bigger sedimentary particles. It is not suitable for agriculture.
- Terai plains- It is a marshy land where the river stream reappears. It has a rich forest, and high biodiversity.
- Bhangar plains- It is formed by the older alluvium deposits. It has clay particles of loam and sandy loam category.
- Khadar plains– It is a plain formed by younger alluvium deposits. It faces flooding events and is characterised by sand, silt, mud, and clay.
(4) Peninsular Plateau is the largest physical division of India. Explain its features.
Answer:
Peninsular plateau is the oldest landmass of India. It extends from the south of the Northern plains to the southern tip of the Indian mainland. It covers a total area of 16 lakh square km. It is of inverted triangle shape with a tilt towards southeast. Anaimudi peak is the highest peak situated in the peninsular plateau. Based on relief features it is divided into two main divisions- The central highlands and the deccan plateau. Features of peninsular plateau-
- It is a mineral rich region. It contains Iron ore, Manganese, Bauxite, Coal, Mica, Uranium, Gold, Diamond etc.
- It is drained by rivers like Narmada, Mahanadi, Krishna, Cauvery etc.
- The western ghats are among the biodiversity hotspots in the world.
- Peninsular plateau is covered with black soil, red soil and laterite soil which makes it suitable for cotton, coffee, maize, tobacco, tea, pulses, cashew, groundnuts etc.
- The thick forest cover provides a rich source of timber, fuel wood, medicinal plants etc.
- Western ghats act as a barrier in the path of the south west monsoon which causes rainfall in the windwards side of western ghats.
- There is huge potential for hydro electricity generation because of formation of rapids and waterfalls in the natural course of the river.
- Numerous hill stations like Ooty, Kodaikanal, Mahabaleshwar, Khandala, Pachmarhietc are in peninsular India.
(5) Briefly explain the Coastal plains of India.
Answer:
Peninsular plains are covered on their east and western part by coastal plains. They are known as Eastern coastal plains and western coastal plains respectively. The Indian mainland has a total coastline of 6100 km which spans from Gujarat in the west and West Bengal in the east to the southern tip of India. They are formed by the depositional action of the rivers. Features of coastal plains are-
- Western Ghats are of narrow, steep, and rocky terrain with an average elevation of 150 m above sea level. It is a continuous block of mountain and many beaches, sand dunes, lagoons, estuaries, residual hills etc are found here.
- The Gujarat coast is formed by alluvial deposits of the Sabarmati, mahi, and Luni rivers.
- Eastern coastal plains are discontinuous chain of mountains, and it is comparatively broader than the western ghats. It is formed by alluvial deposition.
- Eastern coastal plains feature a straight coastline with many sandy beaches and shingles.
- Many lakes are found in eastern coastal plains like Pulicat lake, Kolleru lake, Chilka lake etc.
- They provide natural and man-made harbours for navigation and harbouring of ships.
- Coastal plains are rich in thorium deposits.
(6) Describe the important features of Islands and Indian desert.
Answer:
Indian islands are spread across the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. There are a total 247 islands of which 204 are in the Bay of Bengal and the rest 43 are in the Arabian sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are further classified into the Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands. The Andaman group of islands are divided into 4 parts- North Andaman, Middle Andaman, South Andaman, and Little Andaman. The Nicobar group of islands are divided into three parts- Car Nicobar, little Nicobar, and Great Nicobar. The Andaman and Nicobar group of islands are of volcanic origin, whereas the Lakshadweep islands which are in the Arabian sea are of coral origin.
The Thardesert is the only desert in India with an expanse of 175000 square km in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana. They lie to the west of Aravalli range and are formed by wind and climatic action. The central part of the desert is called marusthali and the outer region is called as Bhagar. Climatic extremes are found here, during summer temperature reaches more than 50 degrees Celsius and in winter it comes to 10 degrees Celsius.
(7) Explain the river system of India with suitable maps.
Answer:
The natural course of flow of water is known as river. The area covered by the river from its origin and development with tributaries and distributaries, to its end is known as river system. And the area drained by the river is known as the river basin. Based on the area drained by the river system they are classified into two parts- Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers.
Himalayan rivers- They are also known as the North Indian rivers. They originate from Himalayan glaciers and are perennial rivers. For example, the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra.
Peninsular rivers- They are also known as south Indian rivers. They are found in the peninsular plateau. They are mostly rainfed rivers and have a seasonal flow of water. For example, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, and Kaveri.
(8) Compare the North Indian rivers with South Indian rivers.
Answer:
- The Himalayan rivers are known as North Indian rivers and the Peninsular rivers are known as South Indian rivers. The detailed comparison between the north Indian and the south Indian rivers is as below-
North Indian rivers | South Indian rivers |
1. They are perennial rivers and melting glaciers is their main source of water.
2. They form long and broad valleys of alluvial deposits. 3. The area drained by north Indian rivers has good agricultural productivity and they are mostly used for irrigation activities. 4. They form big plains and deltas. 5. Their point of origin is the Himalayas. 6. They usually follow a meandering path and form oxbow lakes. 7. They carry huge amounts of sediments. 8. River capturing is a common phenomenon. |
1. They are non perennial and seasonal rivers.
2. They form short narrow and deep valleys. 3. They usually form deep valleys, rapids and waterfalls in their course which make electricity generation possible. 4. They make deep valleys and estuaries. 5. They rise from the peninsular plateau. 6. They make shallow meanders. 7. They have low carrying capacity. 8. No river capturing is found here.
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(9) Why does River water dispute arise? Mention the important disputes and proposed measures.
Answer:
River traverse through many states and countries during their path. Many disputes arise between these states and countries regarding water sharing and utilisation. These conflicts are known are river disputes. In India water is a state subject. Distribution of water in India is also not uniform. Under the Water dispute act 1956, a tribunal of three sitting judges of Supreme court has been constituted by the government to settle the river water dispute. Some important river water dispute in India are The Kaveri river water dispute between Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Kerala; The Tungabadra water dispute between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh; The Krishna water dispute between Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh etc. There are some international river water disputes also like Jhelum and Chenab river water dispute between India and Pakistan, The Brahmaputra river water dispute between India and China, The Teesta river water dispute between India and Bangladesh; the barak river water dispute between India and Bangladesh; the Indus river water dispute between India and Pakistan etc.
Various measures are undertaken to resolve the river disputes like declaring all the major rivers as national property and national schemes were declared for all the major rivers under central government assistance for developing the command area in the concerned state. Separate corporations are established, river diversion and river linking projects are undertaken to ensure water availability.
(10) Briefly explain the importance of inter-linking of Rivers in India.
Answer:
In India the distribution of rainfall is highly uneven. Some areas have an abundance of rainfall and some areas are facing water scarcity. Distribution of rainfall is also not even all around the year. During the monsoon season some areas face floods, while in the other months there is water scarcity. To resolve this problem of floods and droughts river linking projects are initiated. Under river linking projects either rivers are linked to the other river or to a national water grid for transferring water from one river basin to another for optimum utilization. The ministry of Irrigation in 1972 proposed to construct a 2640 km canal linking Ganga and Kaveri rivers. In 1982 National Water Development Agency was established with the responsibility to carry out surveys and prepare feasibility studies. The river interlinking project consists of two parts, northern river development and the southern rivers development. In Northern India a series of dams are proposed to be constructed on the ganga and Brahmaputra rivers and canals would be built to transfer water from its eastern tributaries to its western tributaries. River Brahmaputra is planned to be connected with the river ganga and Mahanadi for providing more irrigation coverage and electricity generation. Among southern rivers development, the Mahanadi, Godavari. Krishna and Kaveri are proposed to be linked with canals. Ken and Chambal rivers are proposed to be linked to provide water to Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. The main objective of river linking in India is to bring more agricultural land under the irrigation cover and hydroelectricity generation.
Also See: Previous Chapter No. 8 Question Answer