Full form of CAA: The CITIZEN AMENDMENT ACT (CAA) of 2002 is the first amendment act in the history of India. The CAA was enacted to replace the existing Indian constitution by incorporating certain fundamental rights and responsibilities, including those related to personal liberty, equality before law and freedom from discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex. The new constitution was brought into force on 26 January 2003.
The CAA has introduced a number of changes in Indian politics and society as well as redefined many concepts contained in the existing Indian constitution. The most important changes introduced by this Act include:
* The introduction of a bill of rights in place of the Directive Principles of State Policy;
* The introduction of Fundamental Rights which are equal to those guaranteed by the Preamble but not expressly mentioned therein;
* The introduction of Fundamental Duties which are equal to those guaranteed by Article 51A but not expressly mentioned therein;
* A new scheme for distribution of legislative powers between state legislatures and Parliament through a new list containing only those subjects assigned to each authority within its jurisdiction;
* A new reservation clause that allows state legislatures to reserve any subject matter they wish for themselves while at
The CITIZEN AMENDMENT ACT, 2015 is enacted to amend the Constitution of India in relation to the following matters: –
(i) The definition of “Citizen” shall be amended by substituting Clause (a) thereof with the following new clause: – “A citizen shall mean a person who is born in India or has been ordinarily resident in India for not less than five years immediately preceding his application for citizenship.”;
(ii) The definition of “Constituent State” shall be amended by substituting Clause (aa) thereof with the following new clause: – “(aa) Assam;”.
The current amendment bill proposes that any law made under Article 19(2) will be applicable only to citizens of India who are domiciled in India or possess Indian citizenship or permanent resident status or ordinarily reside in India; and not extended beyond a period of 10 years from its commencement.
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