In some previous chapters, we understand the terms of plats, animals about blood groups and traits. Here we come with one more interesting topic called as environment. So lets start our discussion about OUR ENVIRONMENT.
Ecosystem with function
Ecology can be defined as study of environment and living organisms and the interaction among them is called as ecology. The scientist Ernst Hackel gave the term ecology and father of ecology can be considered as Alexander Von Humbold. For survival of living organisms, they need suitable environment that is rainfall, temperature, light and food. These all are non-living things. But living organisms need non-living or abiotic things for their survival. All living and non-living things which are present in particular area and interaction among them are called ecosystem.
Therefore the ecosystem is basically made up of 2 components such as abiotic and biotic components.
1.) Abiotic components:The components or factors which are non-living are called abiotic components. Abiotic components are divided into two types: such as climatic factors and edaphic factors.
A.) Climatic factors:The factors which are present in an environment and are changing according to weather. But usually there is a great difference in between climate and weather. Weather term used for the environment which changes daily whereas climate does not change easily. Therefore the climatic factors includes light, rainfall, temperature, fire and wind etc.
a) Light:
- It can be considered as form of energy that is radiation. Light can be present in the form of sunlight or radiations. It have its effect on all living organisms more particularly on animals and plants.
- Light has tremendous effect on plants such as on the basis of presence of light, plants are categorized into 2 groups such as Heliophytes and Sciophytes.
- Heliophytes are the plants which requires more light and they are called as light loving plants.
- Sciophytes are the plants for their growth they doesn’t need much sunlight, such plants are called shade loving plants.
- Light has huge effect on animals such as for development, growth and pigmentation.
b) Temperature:
- It is also one form of energy.
- Both plants and animals are affected by temperature.
- The effects on pants and animals are development and growth.
- Temperature is also responsible for metabolic activities.
c) Rainfall:
- It is the main source of water for plants, wild animals and for agriculture purpose.
- Rainfall can affect all living organisms on earth such plants and animals.
- Plants are divided into 3 types on the basis of availability of water such as hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
- Hydrophytes are water loving plants, mesophytes are plants which can grow in moderate water and xerophytes are plants which grow in desert.
Edaphic factors: Edaphic factors are normally considered as characteristics of soil. It contains pH of soil. pH of soil can be acidic or alkaline. The presence of normal amount of minerals present in soil, and their proper use for enhancing the quality of soil. One more factor is present in edaphic components is topography. The topography can be defined as structure and properties of a particular area called as topography.
a) Soil:
- The edaphic factors called as soil characteristics. The soil characteristics generally contain nutrients, particle size and pH. There are commonly two types of soil such as sand and clay. The sand having the large particle size and less water holding capacity.
- Second type of soil called as clay, which have small particle size and more water holding capacity.
b) pH: The Ph of soil can be acidic or alkaline on the basis of presence of salts and acids present in soil. The nutrients also affect the quality of soil.
c) Topography:They are also known as physiological factors such as altitude, latitude, presence or absence of mountain and hills etc.
2.) Biotic components:The living organisms are called as biotic components. All the living organisms depend on each other for feeding. All the biotic factors living in association with another. These biotic components can be divided into 5 types such as:
- Autotrophs
- Herbivore
- Carnivore
- Omnivore
- Decomposers.
1) Autotrophs: The autotrophs are those organisms which can prepare their own food material such as plants can make their own food with the help of photosynthesis.
2) Herbivore: These living organisms can be considered as plant eating organisms. They have intestine size more as compared to carnivores.
3) Carnivores: These living organisms depend on or feed on plant eating organisms. They eat parts of animals such as meal.
4) Omnivores: The living organisms which eat both plant parts as well as animal parts are called omnivores. For example: Human.
5) Decomposers: The living organisms which grow on dead and decaying organic matter called as decomposers.
Question and answers:
1.) What is mean by ecology?
Answer: Ecology can be defined as study of environment and living organisms and the interaction among them is called as ecology.
2.) Define: ecosystem.
Answer: For survival of living organisms, they need suitable environment that is rainfall, temperature, light and food. These all are non-living things. But living organisms need non-living or abiotic things for their survival. All living and non-living things which are present in particular area and interaction among them are called ecosystem.
3.) What are abiotic components?
Answer:The components or factors which are non-living are called abiotic components. Abiotic components are divided into two types: such as climatic factors and edaphic factors.
Climatic factors: The factors which are present in an environment and are changing according to weather. But usually there is a great difference in between climate and weather. Weather term used for the environment which changes daily whereas climate does not change easily. Therefore the climatic factors includes light, rainfall, temperature, fire and wind etc.
a) Light:
- It can be considered as form of energy that is radiation. Light can be present in the form of sunlight or radiations. It have its effect on all living organisms more particularly on animals and plants.
- Light has tremendous effect on plants such as on the basis of presence of light, plants are categorized into 2 groups such as Heliophytes and Sciophytes.
- Heliophytes are the plants which requires more light and they are called as light loving plants.
- Sciophytes are the plants for their growth they doesn’t need much sunlight, such plants are called shade loving plants.
- Light has huge effect on animals such as for development, growth and pigmentation.
b) Temperature:
- It is also one form of energy.
- Both plants and animals are affected by temperature.
- The effects on pants and animals are development and growth.
- Temperature is also responsible for metabolic activities.
c) Rainfall:
- It is the main source of water for plants, wild animals and for agriculture purpose.
- Rainfall can affect all living organisms on earth such plants and animals.
- Plants are divided into 3 types on the basis of availability of water such as hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
- Hydrophytes are water loving plants, mesophytes are plants which can grow in moderate water and xerophytes are plants which grow in desert.
Edaphic factors: Edaphic factors are normally considered as characteristics of soil. It contains pH of soil. pH of soil can be acidic or alkaline. The presence of normal amount of minerals present in soil, and their proper use for enhancing the quality of soil. One more factor is present in edaphic components is topography. The topography can be defined as structure and properties of a particular area called as topography.
a) Soil:
- The edaphic factors called as soil characteristics. The soil characteristics generally contain nutrients, particle size and pH. There are commonly two types of soil such as sand and clay. The sand having the large particle size and less water holding capacity.
- Second type of soil called as clay, which have small particle size and more water holding capacity.
b) pH:The Ph of soil can be acidic or alkaline on the basis of presence of salts and acids present in soil. The nutrients also affect the quality of soil.
c) Topography:They are also known as physiological factors such as altitude, latitude, presence or absence of mountain and hills etc.
4.) What are biotic components?
Answer:The living organisms are called as biotic components. All the living organisms depend on each other for feeding. All the biotic factors living in association with another. These biotic components can be divided into 5 types such as:
- Autotrophs
- Herbivore
- Carnivore
- Omnivore
- Decomposers.
1) Autotrophs: The autotrophs are those organisms which can prepare their own food material such as plants can make their own food with the help of photosynthesis.
2) Herbivore: These living organisms can be considered as plant eating organisms. They have intestine size more as compared to carnivores.
3) Carnivores: These living organisms depend on or feed on plant eating organisms. They eat parts of animals such as meal.
4) Omnivores: The living organisms which eat both plant parts as well as animal parts are called omnivores. For example: Human.
5) Decomposers: The living organisms which grow on dead and decaying organic matter called as decomposers.
5.) What is edaphic factor?
Answer: Edaphic factors are normally considered as characteristics of soil. It contains pH of soil. pH of soil can be acidic or alkaline. The presence of normal amount of minerals present in soil, and their proper use for enhancing the quality of soil.
6.) What do you mean by topography?
Answer: edaphic components is topography. The topography can be defined as structure and properties of a particular area called as topography.