CG SCERT Chhattisgarh State Board Class 8 Science & Technology Chapter 13 Food Production and Management Exercises Questions and Answers.
1.) Choose the correct alternatives.
- Incubators are used in
a) In dairy products
b) In fisheries
c) In poultry
d) In apiculture
Ans-c) In poultry
2.) Hybridization is a technique of –
a) Protecting crops from pests.
b) Artificial crossing and producing seeds with required qualities
c) New techniques of irrigation
d) Production of more eggs.
Ans-b) artificial crossing and producing seeds with required aualities
3.) The carbonic product obtained from the wastes of animal s and the decomposed plants is called-
a) Fertilizers
b) Manure
c) Green manure
d) Bio fertilizers
Ans- b) manure
4.) Which is not a method of maintain the fertility of the soil?
a) Crop rotation
b) Mixed cropping
c) Weeding
d) Leaving for both uncultivated for some time
Ans-c) weeding
5.) Which machine is used for both reaping and threshing?
a) Thresher
b) Tractor
c) Combine
d) Harrow
Ans-c) combine
2.) Fill in the blanks.
1.) Artificially prepared manure is called—–
Ans-
2.) Leveling the land is done by —— machine
Ans-Harrow
3.) Removing the husk from the grains is called—–
Ans-winnowing
4.) To make the folder of dairy animals more nutritive—— and —– are mixed with the oil cakes.
Ans-mustard and cotton seed.
5.) To produce honey —- are released.
Ans-honey combs
3.) Find the statements which are correct and rewrite the wrong statements correctly-
1.) Kharif crops require more water than rabbi crops.
Ans-correct
2.) Pesticides and weedicides are not harmful to human beings.
Ans- correct
3.) Earthwarm are harmful for crops.
Ans- incorrect, earthwarms are not harmful for crops.
4.) Wheat is the main kharif crop of our country
Ans- incorrect, wheat is the rabbi crop.
5.) There is much carbohydrate and fat in mushroom.
Ans- incorrect, there is no much carbohydrate and fat in mushroom.
4.) Write short notes on.
1.) Milk production-Milk production is the production of milk from dairy animals mostly from cow and buffaloes. Milk production is the second largest production after the rice production in our country .cows are the main sources of the milk production. There are some hybrid cow are also which produces milk for example sahiwal, halstein etc.
2.) Pisciclture- Pisciculture is the culturing, and raring of the fish. Fish is the main foods of people living near the banks of rivers and the sea. Fish is a good source of protein . culturing of fish or large scale production of fish is known as fish production. Fish producing farms and ponds are called fisheries. Now Pisciclture is the demanding field.
3.) Apiculture-artificial rearing of bees is called bee keeping or apiculture. In this cultivation bees are done by various methods like making a colony, beehives , bee boxes etc. there are different products are obtained from honey bees like wax, honey etc therefore cultivation of honey is done by apiculture.
4.) Poultry farming-Rearing of hens, ducks and other birds for eggs and their meat is known as poultry farm. Poultry forms full fill all the requriments which is necessary for hens. In poultry farms the shelter of the birds or hens have the proper ventilisation and light arrangements.
5.) Mushroom culture-the cultivation of mushrooms in large quantity is known as mushroom culture. Mushroom is purely a vegetarian food as they are grown on wheat husk, straw, and other nutrient medium which are prepared by mixing mushroom spores. There are two type of mushroom rearing is done in our country a) Dhingri mushroom and b) white button shaped oyster mushrooms.
At the time of mushroom cultivation medium of wheat husk or straw is soaked in water for 14-20 hours and then it is boiled for two hours or is processed with fungicides or antibiotics .then water is drained away and the spores of the mushroom are mixed in it. This is now placed in polythene bags which have holes in it. This is then kept in a room with a temperature of about 20-25 degree centigrade . after in about 2-3 weeks the whole medium change into ball of white colour.
Then the polythene is removed and this ball is hanged by a string for two or three days, when this is covered with small pebble like structure .these develops into umbrella shape in 5 to 7 days these are the steps for forming mushrooms.
6.) Cold storage-fruits, vegetables, potatoes, onions, garlic, ginger, and other perishable crop products are kept in cold storage or warehouse maintained at low temperature, the storing of such products at cold place is known as cold storage. Cold storage stops or retards the growth of micro-organisms.
5.) Draw the followings-
- Traditional plough-
- Simple seed dropper-
- Harrow-
Answer the following
1.) What are farming methods ? writes the different steps involved.
Ans-for the production of crops there are various methods are used known as farming methods- the farming steps are the followings-
Selection of land
Preparation of land
Selection of seeds and seed treatment
Sowing of seeds
Adding fertilizers
Irrigation
Weeding and weed control
Crop protection
Harvesting and threshing
Storage
This are the different steps are involved in farming
2.) You want to produce a legume crop in your school garden. What different farming steps would you follow? Write the steps in a sequence.
Ans- if I want to produce legume crop in our school garden then first I follow all the steps which are involved in the farming
First step is the selection of the land or area then prepare the those area for crop production. Then select the good seen and sowing this seed . if necessary then add fertilizers the irrigation . after all this fro controlling weed pesticides or insecticides are use. After growing harvesting and threshing . all this steps are follow to produce legume crop in our school garden.
3.) Which method of sowing seeds do you prefer the spraying method or the puncture method?
Ans-spraying method is prefer for sowing.
4.) Why is hybrid seeds considered better than normal seeds?
Ans- Hybrid seeds are considered better than normal seeds because hybrid seed gives more quick result ,growth of crop fast, production of crops is fast therefore hybrid seeds are prefer.
5.) Write the names of the crops which are sowed by the planting method.
Ans-onion ,cabbages, brinjals and rice etc.
6.) Write short notes on any two techniques of irrigation.
Ans-a) sprinkler or fountain method irrigation- in this method standing crops are artificially showred with water. In this method water is passed at high pressure through pipes and it comes out through outlets of small pores, fitted on wheel shafts in form of showers. This method is prefer in uneven lands where no other method is effective.
- b) drip irrigation- in this method water is send directly to each plant from a compressor . water flows through closed pipes and falls in drops through small minute pores .this method fertilizers and other chemicals are also given to the plants.
This are the two methods for irrigation of water.
7.) Due to what reasons are mushroom considered as a food product?
Ans-mushroom is used as food products because it contains proteins ,vitamins B complex, vitamin C, minerals and fibers in large quantity that’s why it is a special category in the ediable items of the world and it is considered as a food product.
8.) How can the fertility of the soil be maintained by crop rotation.
Ans- when the same type of crop is grown again and again then the fertility of soil decreases. To maintain the fertility of siol different type of crop must be swan one after other. For example legume crop is sowed after a grain crop which helps in retaining the nitrogen in the soil .this is the way to maintain the fertility of the soil by crop rotation.
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