Chhattisgarh State Board Class 7 History Chapter 3 The Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate (1206 To 1290) Exercise Match the following, Column A and Column B Matching, List the names and period of reign, short notes, Answer the following questions here.
(I) Column A gives the name of some rulers. Write the names of the places associated with them in column B.
Sr.
No |
Column A | Column B |
1 | Prithviraj Chauhan | Delhi and Ajmer |
2 | Muhammad Ghori | Ghor of Afghanistan and Muttan in the Punjab region, Delhi |
3 | Qutb-ud-din-Aibak | Delhi |
4 | King Bhim | Gujrat |
5 | Chengiz Khan | Central Asia |
(II) List the names and period of region of the following sultans in serial order. Then write a brief note on each of them.
Balban, Qutb-ud-din-Aibak, Razia, Iltutmish, Kaikubad, Muhammad Ghori.
*Muhammad Ghori (1192 – 1206) – Muhammad Ghori was the sutan of the small principality of Ghor in Afghanistan. Ghori tried to expand his empire into Iran but was defeated by the Shah of Khurasan. He thn had no atternative but to turn his attention east wards to wards India. He conquered Multan in the Punjab region and then attacked Gujrat. Its Chalukya king Bhim defeated him in battle. Then he established his kingdom over Punjab, which brought him to the border of Prithviraj Chouhan’s kingdoms. He now set his sights on conquering Delhi.
Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj faced each other on the battlefield at a place called Tarain in the year 1191. Ghori was grievously wounded in the battle but he managed ro escape. He spent a year preparing for the next battle, returning to once again face Prithviraj at Tarain in 1992. After the battle of Tarain Ghori established his rule over. Delhi, displacing the Rajpit. Muhammad Ghori was murdered a couple of year after the battle of Tarrain. So, he ruled overthe Delhi during 1192 to 1206 AD.
*Qutb-ud-din-Aibak (1206 – 1211AD) – In Delhi, Ghoris slave Qutb-ud-din-Aibak was in charge of the administration. After Ghoris death Qutb-ud-din decleared himself sultan, becoming the first slave sultan of Delhi. He began the construction of the Qutub Minar.
*Iltutmish (1211 – 1236) – On Qutb-ud-din’s death his slave Iltutmish, who was also his son-in-low, become the sutan. He completed the construction of the Qutb Minar. Iltutmish faced two major problems during his rule. First concerned his own officials and the other related to the defeated Rajput royal families. Iltutmish senior officials and generals were not willimg to work under him and did as they pleased. This weakend his administration. Iltutmish sought to solve his problems by promoting 40 royal and deserving slaves to high ranks. Many of them were made aktadars to administer different provinces of his empire, collect revenue and each revolts.
*Razia Sultan (1236 – 1240) – On Iltutmish’s death his daughter Razia ascended the trone of Delhi to become the first and only woman to rule Delhi. She dressed like a man, rode horses and looked after the administrative affairs of the state, establishing peace in her kingdom. In spite of her many sterling qualities, the turks wanted someone on the throne to whom they could dictate terms. But she was no puppet. She gets up group of royal commanders and began giving high ranks to non- Turks. This incensed the Turk amirs (nobles) who began opposing her aand eventually murdered her.
*Balbal (1265 – 1285) – After Razia, Balban became the sultan of Delhi. He was one of the 40 slaves Iltutmish had promoted to high ranks. By now the Turk amirs had become very powerful and showed no respect for the sutan. They plotted against him and even began threatening him. However, the strong and iron willed Balban slowly but firmly suppressed them, breaking their stranglehold on power and cementing his position as sultan. Eventually, he even managed to win their loyality. Balban was an autocrat who belived the power of sultan could not be challenged because he was the ‘shadow of god’ – His reflection on earth, The Turk amirs followed his orders because they were terrified of the rigorous punishments he meted out.
*Kaikubad (1285 – 1288) On Balban’s death Kaikubad became the ruler but he ruled for only three years after which the slave dynasty came to an end.
(III) Write short note on: –
(a) Aktadars
(b) Slaves
(c) Amirs
Ans: –
(a) Aktadars: – Iltutmish sought to solve his problems by promoting 40 royal and deserving slaves to high ranks. Many of them were made aktadars to administer different provinces of his empire, collect revenue and crush revolts. They kept part of the revenue they collected to cover their salaries and administrative expenses. They were also periodically transferred from one provinces to another. But the akta or rank was not hereditary – a soncould not inherir the rank of his father.
(b) Slaves: – During 1206 to 1290, traders would buy young men, train them in fighting and administration and sell them to the sultans. They were called slaves. They were given work and rank according to their capabilities. They were paid high salaries. Some capable slave officers even succeeded their masters to become rulers. In Delhi, Ghoris slave Qutn-id-din decleared himself sultan, becoming the first slave sultan of Delhi. Some other slave who became rulers in Delhi were such as – Iltutmish, Balban, Kaikubad.
(c) Amirs: – On Qutb-ud-din’s death his slave Iltutmish becomes the sultan of Delhi. He faced two major problems during his rule. Iltutmish sought to solve his problems by promoting 40 loyal and deserving slaves to high ranks. They were called amirs. Many of them were made aktadars to administer different provinces of his empire, collect revenue and crush revolts. They kept part of the revenue they collected to cover their salaries and administrative expenses. They were also periodically transferred from one province to another. But the aktar on rank was not hereditary – a son could not inherit the rank of his father.
(IV) Answer the following questions in 50 to 100 words:
(1) Describe the war between Prithviraj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori.
Ans: – Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj faced each other on the battle field at a place called Tarain in the year 1191. Prithviraj emerged the victor. Ghori eas grievously wounded in the battle but he managed to escope. He spent a year preparing for the next betel, returning to once again face Prithiviraj at Tarain in 1990.
Prithviraj had large army consisting of intantrymen and many elephants and horses. Several smaller rulers and feudal also joined him in battle. Ghori army was much smaller and did not have any elephant. But he had swifter horses and his cavalrymen were adept at shooting arrows while riding. When Ghori’s hprsemen attacked elephants of Prithviraj the the elephants started running backwords started to vastating their own army. They attacked the elephants and stampeded them. The Rajput king tasted defeat in the second battle. After the battle of Tarain the Turks established their rule over India, Displacing the Rajputs.
(2) What were the differences between the armies of Rajputs and the Turks?
Ans: – There were more differences between the armies of the Rajputs and the Tarks. Prithviraj had a large army consisting of infantrymen and many elephants and horses. On the other hand, Ghoris army was much smaller and did not have any elephants. But he had swifter horses and his cavalrymen were adept at shooting arrows while riding. These were the major difference between their armies.
(3) What were the main problems faced by the Turk Sultans?
Ans: – Turk Sultans appointed slave and they were given work and rank according to their capabilities some capable slave officers even succeeded their masters to become rulers. This was a common practice among the Turk Sultans during this period. Besides this they also faced two major problems during their rules. First concerned his own officials andthe other related to the defeated Rajput royal families. Turk Sultan’s senior officials and generals were not willing to work under him and did as they pleased this weekend their administrations. Taking advantage of this situation the descendents of the earlier defeated Rajput kings began opposing the sultans. They stopped depositing the revenue they collected from the peasants in the royal treasury. They began looting travellers and traders on the roads, these were the main problems faced by the Turk Sultans.
(4) Why did Truk Amirs want to remove Razia from the throne of Delhi?
Ans: – Turk amirs wanted t remove Razia from the throne of Delhi and they also wanted someone on the throne of Delhi by displacing Razia. But Razia was no puppet. She set up a group of royal commanders and began giving high ranks to non-Turks. This incensed the Turk amirs (nobles) who began opposing her and eventually murdered her.
This is so long
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