Telangana SCERT Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 21 Solution – Disaster Management. Here on this post we have provided Class 9 Social Studies Disaster Management Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class IX Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 21 Disaster Management Solution:
1.) Explain how a natural hazard becomes a disaster?
Ans: a.) Unplanned growth of cities
b.) Lack of proper drainage facility
c.) Increased population etc.
If we look at the causes, all of them are human induced and if we are more careful about them, many such disasters can be prevented. So, we can say that natural hazards are not always natural, because human beings play a major role in inducing them. The disasters that are caused because of human negligence or deliberately by an individual or a group can be termed as Human-made. These disasters cost the most in terms of human suffering, loss of life and long term damage to a country’s economy and productive capacity.
2.) What is Terrorism? What are the motives of terrorists?
Ans: Terrorism is a word derived from the French word ‘Terrorisme’. It is a mental action, creates fear and danger. Terrorists addict to inferiority and emotions and they want to inculcate their ideology in others forcebly by threatening others. These terrorists are anti social. Though terrorism is socially fanatic and prohibited in religion, a few misquote their religion and following terrorism. It Mahatma Gandhi preached ahimsa or non-violence and truth as the tools for peaceful resolution of issues between people, communities or countries. Over the years, as science and technology have progressed, so has man’s inherent greed for power and wealth, along with increased hostility between various groups of people in the world. Contrary to the hope of the integration of population across the globe into a ‘world community’ in harmony with each other, which was expected as a result of development, war and internal conflicts have plagued the world, causing immense suffering to vast numbers of people.
3.) What safety measures should be followed to avoid fire accidents?
Ans:
- If you see smoke or flames, raise the alarm.
- Get out of the building as soon as possible. Cover yourself if you can. Use steps instead lift in case of fire. Keep the escape routes clear in the corridors.
- Find a phone and call 101. Ask for the fire brigade, and then give your address slowly and clearly to reach soon.
- If there’s smoke, crawl along the floor, as the air is cleanest there. Hot air rises up. If your escape route is blocked, go into a room with a window, put things round the door to stop smoke getting in, open the outside window and call for help.
- A closed door slows down the spread of a fire. While evacuating, it is necessary that we close the doors.
- Switch off all the electrical appliances. The best thing one could do is to turn off the main switchboard.
- Check for worn or tape up cables or leads. These are dangerous and you should replace them. In case, the plug points are at a very low level, it is necessary that they are taped especially in the primary section of the school as the children might put their fingers inside which might lead to an accident.
- Wherever you are, watch out for damaged wiring in the school. In case, there are walls that soak or wet then the walls should be immediately repaired and the wires must be replaced.
Now, here are some things which shouldn’t be done during fire accidents:
- Don’t go back into the building – not for toys or even pets. Fire fighters can search the house much more quickly than you can.
- Never hide in a cupboard or under a bed. You need to raise the alarm and get out.
- The cables shouldn’t be put under the carpets or mats where they can become worn out. This is mainly seen in the administrative unit of the school.
- Lights shouldn’t be positioned near the curtains and other materials that could burn easily.
4.) What are the main causes of road accidents? How can we reduce the road accidents?
Ans: In India, about eighty thousand people are killed in road accidents every year, which is thirteen percent of the total fatality all over the world. More than half of the people killed in traffic crashes are young people within the age group of 15-44 years who are often the bread winners of the family. In most of the cases, crashes occur either due to carelessness, restlessness, over-speed, violation of traffic rules, drunken driving, poor maintenance of the vehicle, bad weather conditions etc. All these add to the rising number of accidents and road fatalities.
Things to reduce road accidents:
- Drive if you have a legal license, and have attained the age of 18
- Don’t be impatient on the road and don’t run on the road.
- Always walk on the footpath. If there is no footpath, walk on theextreme right hand side of the road.
- Never cross the road at a corner/curve as the motorist, while taking the turn, will not be able to see you in time.
- Don’t try to get on a movingbus/ rickshaw as you might slip and fall
- Cross only at Zebra crossing and at traffic signals. Wherever such facilities are not available, look for a safe place to cross and look on either side before crossing the road.
- Know the road signals and honour them.
- Don’t board a bus other than the one decided by the school.
5.) Terrorist attacks cause loss of life and wealth. What are the precautions to be taken to prevent these activities?
Ans: Precautions to be taken to prevent terrorist attacks:
- Remain calm and relaxed and be patient.
- Follow the advice of local emergency officials. Listen to your radio or television for news and instructions.
- If a disaster happens near you, check for injuries. Give first aid and get help for seriously injured people.
- If you notice any unidentified briefcases, bags, cycles, tiffin boxes, inform police. Stay away from those things.
- Shut off any other damaged utilities.
- Confine or secure your pets.
- Call your family contacts. Do not use the telephone again unless it is a life threatening emergency.
- Check on your neighbours, especially those who are elderly or disabled.
6.) Identify the causes of rail accidents?
Ans: Earlier, railway transportation appeared to be safe due to slower speeds, shorter trips and lower density traffic. With the largest network of railways in the world, the number of railway accidents has increased in India.
The most common type of rail accidents are derailment which takes place due to lack of proper maintenance, human error or sabotage. This causes huge losses to life and inflicts injuries and disabilities to many more. The transportation of various highly inflammable products like coal, oil etc. also leads to accidents.
7.) List out the reasons and risk inducing factors in your home, school or village.
Ans: Risk inducing factors in your home, school or village:
a) Gas cylinders inside the kitchen of our house.
b) Electricity short circuit failure and constantly electric shock disturbing switches.
c) Smoke from the waste burnt in the locality, smoke released from factories, vehicles and homes.
d) Contamination of rivers and sea water, which causes diseases when consumed by village people.
e) Constant release of CFCs and CO from the air conditioners from schools.
8.) Locate the following places attacked by terrorists in the India map.
a) Mumbai
b) Hyderabad
c) Bhagalpur
d) Kumbakonam
e) Bangalore
Ans:
9.) Write about an incident related to disaster you know.
Ans: The 150 year old shabby Ulta Pool bridge in Bhagalpur district of Bihar collapsed, apparently due to poor maintenance, and fell over the Howrah-Jamalpur Superfast passenger train passing under the bridge, killing at least 35 people on December 1st 2006.
10.) Read the para titled ‘Fire Accidents’ on page 266 and comment on it.
Ans: The 2004 fire that occurred in a school in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu sparked discussions and arguments regarding the safety of schools in the country. Unfortunately, 93 innocent individuals lost their lives in this tragic incident. The primary factors contributing to the fire were a lack of awareness among children and teachers regarding fire safety protocols, inadequate preparedness measures, and the proximity of the kitchen to the classroom. Regrettably, such occurrences are not uncommon, and they result in significant loss of life and property due to human negligence or a lack of awareness.
Fire is a phenomenon characterized by the combination of heat, fuel, and oxygen, resulting in intense heat, light, and flames. Every year, approximately 30,000 valuable lives are lost due to fire-related incidents. To control a fire, it is crucial to disrupt the supply of any of these three ingredients.