Telangana SCERT Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 15 Solution – Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Here on this post we have provided Class 9 Social Studies Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class IX Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 15 Colonialism in Latin America, Asia and Africa Solution:
1.) “Trade played a major role in the colonisation”. Do you agree? Why?
Ans: Yes, trade played a major role in the colonisation, because, approximately 600 years ago, global travel was limited, with people primarily relying on horses, camels, and small boats along coastal areas. However, trade between countries and continents began to flourish as merchants embarked on journeys to acquire rare and valuable goods, such as silk, porcelain, cotton textiles, spices, and wine. Traders would exchange these goods for gold and silver, amassing substantial wealth, sometimes even surpassing kings. Indian traders and sailors from various coastal regions engaged in extensive trade with China, Southeast Asia, the Red Sea ports, and eastern Africa, utilizing the monsoon winds to navigate the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
Around 1400, the majority of trade routes connecting Europe and Asia were under the control of Muslim kingdoms, particularly the Ottoman Empire, which was often in conflict with European Christian powers. Italian traders, who had established strong ties with Arab traders in Alexandria, played a significant role in facilitating this trade. Western European countries like Holland, Spain, Portugal, and England gradually recognized the importance of this lucrative trade and sought alternative routes to India and China that bypassed regions controlled by Italian traders. The Portuguese, for instance, aimed to discover a sea route around Africa, while the Spanish explored the possibility of reaching India by crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Substantial investments were made by these countries, providing experienced mariners with ships and resources for expeditions. This led to Christopher Columbus’s discovery of the American continent in 1492 while working for the Spanish queen, and Vasco da Gama’s successful sea voyage to India around Africa in 1498, serving the Portuguese king. Eventually, the English and Dutch governments also dispatched their sailors to explore and establish trade routes in these regions.
2.) How did the lives of native people in different countries affect the colonisation write two ideas each in the context of – crops cultivated/ religion/ use of natural resources – for the three continents.
Ans: (1) America
Crops cultivated: Sugarcane, tobacco
Religion: Roman catholic and was made a permanent religion
Use of natural resources: Agricultural lands were used at a huge level.
2.) Africa:
Crops cultivated- cotton and silk textiles
Religion-Christianity was made a permanent religion
Use of natural resources- Extensive use of copper, cocoa, palm oil, tea, cocoa, etc.
3.) Asia:
Crops cultivated-rubber, pulses, coffee, tea, cocoa, tobacco, rubber.
Religion –Christianity was made a permanent religion.
Use of natural resources- Gold and silver mining factories and processes were used extensively.
3.) Compare the nature of colonial rule over China and India and Indonesia. What difference and similarities do you find between them?
Ans: Most countries of Asia, like India, China and Japan were different from Latin American countries in many ways. Most of the Asian countries were densely populated by prosperous peasant communities. They were governed by powerful empires that had vast armies. Thus, when the European powers tried to attack the Mughal Empire, they were repeatedly defeated by Mughal armies. However, the Europeans were able to establish power over some important ports like Goa from where they controlled the oceanic trade. The Portuguese, for example, established a ‘seaborne empire’ over the Indian Ocean in 16th century. All ships travelling on the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean or Bay of Bengal had to pay a special tribute to the Portuguese and if they failed to do so, they were attacked and looted.The European companies had set up trading posts in different port cities of India, African Nations and Indonesia. Some of them like Holland established political control over some port cities in Indonesia. Soon, Europe started objecting to the activities of these companies. They were buying commodities from India in exchange for precious metals like gold and silver. By doing so, they were draining Holland and England of their accumulated wealth. Europe felt that India will become richer at the cost of European countries as a result of this trade. Hence, there was a great pressure on the Companies to finance their trade in Asia on their own. In 1800, the Dutch Government disbanded the Company and established direct rule over Indonesia. Since the government was in deep financial crises, it wanted to use Indonesia as a source of revenue. The Dutch forced the native people to deliver products like coffee, sugar and spices as taxes. This was sold in international markets by the government which earned huge profits. As much as 25% of the Dutch government budget came from these profits. This caused hardships for the native people who could not grow necessary food grains or get even minimum prices for their commercial produce. This resulted in acute poverty and famines. They started revolts which were brutally suppressed. This policy was criticised by many people in Holland.
China, like India, was one of the most populated countries of the world and had a powerful empire. It was also further east of India and the Europeans could not control it the way they could conquer Latin America or Indonesia. Chinese rulers realized that it was dangerous to allow Europeans to trade freely in China. So they permitted them to trade only in one city with specific traders only. They were noteven allowed to move about the empire and were restricted to their residential quarters. In this way, the Chinese authorities tried to reduce the threat posed by the European traders. The European traders found the trade in Chinese silk and tea very profitable but since the Chinese did not want any European goods, they had to use silver and gold to pay. As we read earlier, this policy was opposed in Europe they did not want to give away precious metals from Europe. The European traders hit upon an item which was in great demand in China but was produced in India. This was opium. The English encouraged Indian peasants to produce large quantities of opium and purchased it from them at very low prices. This opium was smuggled illegally into China and sold there. In return, the Europeans purchased silk and tea which they sold in Europe. In this way, they did not have to pay the Chinese in silver and gold. As the smuggling of opium increased, the Chinese authorities suspended all trade with European traders even in the one city they had allowed it. This led to what was called the Opium Wars which were fought between China and England between 1839-42. The war was supported by the other European powers China wasdefeated by England which imposed a series of unequal treaties on China. These treaties allowed England to trade with China without any restrictions. It also allowed the English to set up trading enclaves in China in which only English laws could be in force. England also forced China to give it the most favoured nation treatment, by which any concession given to any other country would be automatically apply to England too.
4.) Locate the Portuguese, Dutch, British and French colonies in the world map and filled with different colours
Ans: