Telangana SCERT Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 14 Solution – Social Protest Movements. Here on this post we have provided Class 9 Social Studies Social Protest Movements Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class IX Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 14 Social Protest Movements Solution:
1.) Which of the following statement about lives of industrial workers are correct?And correct the false statements
- Workers controlled the industries.
Ans: False, the industries controlled the workers.
- Living conditions of the workers were comfortable.
Ans: False, Living conditions of the workers were not at all comfortable.
- Low wages was one of the reasons for discontent among the workers.
Ans: True
- During the phase of industrialisation there was emphasis on emotions and feeling.
Ans: False, During the phase of industrialisation there was zero to no emphasis on emotions and feeling.
- Romantic writers and artists tried to highlight values of closeness to nature as described in folk tales and folksongs.
Ans: True
2.) List some of the problems faced by workers of those times. Discuss if such problems exist in our times too.
Ans: In England, political protests against the cruel working conditions in factories were increasing. The working population was demanding for the right to vote. The government tried to repress them. They made new laws that denied people the right to protest.
England had been fighting a war with France for a long time – from 1792 to 1815. Trade between England and Europe was disrupted. Factories were forced to shut down. Unemployment was growing and the prices of essential items of food, like bread and meat, increased beyond the level of average wages.
In 1795, the Parliament passed two Combination Acts which made it illegal to ‘incite the people by speech or writing to hatred or contempt of the King, Constitution or Government’. It also banned unauthorised public meetings of more than 50 persons. Even then, protest against ‘Old Corruption’ continued.
The term, ‘Old Corruption’, was used for the privileges that the monarchy and Parliament had. Members of Parliament – landowners, manufacturers and professionals – were against giving the right to vote to the working population. They supported the Corn Laws, which prevented the import of cheaper food until prices in Britain had risen to a certain level.
The workers came together in towns and factories and protested in anger and frustration. There were bread or food riots throughout the country from the 1790s onwards. Bread was the staple item in the diet of the poor. Its price governed their standard of living. People seized large stocks of bread and sold them at an affordable and morally correct price rather than at the high prices charged by profit-hungry traders. Such riots were particularly common in the worst year of the war, 1795, but they continued until the 1840s.
Another process known as ‘enclosure’ caused problems for the people. From the 1770s, hundreds of small farms had been merged into larger ones under powerful landlords. The poor rural families who were affected by this had to start working in industries. But, when machines were brought into the cotton industry, thousands of handloom weavers were thrown out of work and into poverty. Their work was too slow as compared with the machines.
3.) Write a paragraph differentiating the ideas of capitalism and socialism.
Ans: A new ideology was slowly developing which would give the workers a new social goal. This was the idea of Socialism. What is Socialism? Socialism calls for public ownership rather than private control of property and natural resources. According to the socialist view, individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in cooperation with one another. Further, everything that people produce is a social product, and everyone who contributes to the production of a good has a right to share it. Therefore, society as a whole should own or control property for the benefit of all its members.
In this way, socialism is opposed to the basic idea of capitalism. Capitalism is based on private ownership of the means of production. Capitalists themselves determine what is to be produced and who is to be given a share of the produce. Socialists complain that capitalism distributes wealth and power in an unfair and exploitative manner. It gives all the money and power to a few individuals. The rich then use their wealth and power to increase their dominance in society. Because such people are rich, they may choose where and how to live. Their choices in turn limit the options of the poor. As a result, terms such as individual freedom and equality of opportunity may be meaningless for capitalists. But the working people must do as the capitalists’ want in order to survive. As socialists see it, true freedom and true equality means that society should control the resources that provide the basis for prosperity in any society. Socialists also believe that because the resources are distributed unequally, there cannot really be genuine free competition. The rich and powerful people manage to move the balance in their favour by hook or crook.
4.) How was the idea of equality being similar or differently challenged by women and workers movements?
Ans: In 1791, French women protested against the Declaration of Rights of Men and drafted their own Declaration of the Rights of Women, demanding equality and access to public positions. Although it was not passed, similar movements advocating for women’s rights emerged in Europe and America, pushing for voting rights and participation in government.
The women’s suffrage movement gained strength from 1830 to 1870, with English suffragists leading the way through demonstrations, meetings, and appeals to Parliament. The Russian Revolution of 1917 granted voting rights to all women, while England extended suffrage to some women in 1918 and to all adult women by 1928. Eventually, most democratic countries accepted women’s right to vote.
As women became more involved in public matters, they recognized inequalities in education, health, property rights, and employment. Writers like Virginia Woolf highlighted male dominance and the need for equality. The women’s movement entered a new phase after World War II, focusing on cultural and political inequalities. It aimed to address the unequal distribution of power between men and women, advocating for equal rights in all aspects of life.In 19th century India, social reformers fought against practices like Sati, female infanticide, and enforced widowhood while promoting women’s education. The growth of education among women enabled their participation in public life and the formation of women’s movements in India. Women actively participated in the national movement for independence, shaping nationalist ideas. Consequently, when India achieved independence, women were granted legal equality and efforts were made to end discrimination in property laws.
Despite legal equality, women worldwide, including in India, still face challenges in achieving true equality. The current wave of the women’s movement aims to understand the reasons behind these inequalities and work towards real and effective equality.
5.) Draw a poster to illustrate the ideas of “liberty, equality and justice” within the context of workers, and women. Identify occasions where these ideas are being violated.
Ans:
6.) Locate the countries in the world map in which the protest movements took place.
Ans:
7.) Read the last paragraph of page 187 and first paragraph of page 188 and comment on them.
Ans: During India’s struggle for independence, women actively participated and made significant contributions. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi acknowledged the importance of women and their role in the movement. Numerous women joined the fight for freedom, bringing their unique perspectives and shaping nationalist ideals. Their involvement was instrumental in advocating for women’s rights and highlighting the necessity of gender equality.As a result of their endeavors, India made substantial progress toward gender equality upon gaining independence. Women obtained full legal parity with men, leading to the redressal of discriminatory practices in areas such as property laws and other domains where equal treatment was sought.
Despite the attainment of legal equality, women in India and around the world still encounter challenges in achieving genuine and comprehensive equality. Gender-based discrimination and disparities persist across various spheres, encompassing education, employment, resource access, and representation in positions of power. Women continue to confront societal norms, stereotypes, and deeply ingrained biases that impede their advancement and restrict opportunities.
To address these persistent inequalities, a new wave of the women’s movement has emerged, driven by the objective of comprehending the underlying factors and establishing substantial and meaningful equality. This movement endeavors to dismantle systemic barriers, advocate for policy reforms, raise awareness about gender issues, promote women’s empowerment, and foster inclusive societies.Recognizing that genuine equality necessitates a multifaceted approach, encompassing legal reforms, social transformations, cultural shifts, and changes in attitudes and perceptions, the contemporary women’s movement challenges and seeks to dismantle patriarchal structures and norms that perpetuate gender disparities. Through collective action, advocacy, and raising awareness, this movement strives to establish a society where women enjoy equal rights, opportunities, and freedoms, while eradicating gender-based discrimination.