Telangana SCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Solution – Excretion. Here in this post we provides Class 10 Science Excretion Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Excretion Solution:
1) What is meant by excretion? explain the process of formation of urine .
Ans- Excretion – The Excretion is the process by which wastes products in metabolic activities are eliminated from body this process is known as excretion.
Many metabolic processes perform various reaction in body for the production of different substances. Example – In respiration process the carbon dioxide are synthesised but some products are harmful or toxic to body. It need to eliminate out of body. It is eliminated by the excretory system in the process of excretion.
Following is the process of urine formation it involves different stages.
A) Glomerular filtration – Here the food get filtered under high pressure and unwanted material get filtered from useful substance this is called as glomerular filtration or primary urine.
B) Tubular reabsorption – Chemical composition of primary urine is same as blood except blood cells. The Henle’s loop surrounded by Petritubular capillary. These capillary absorb essential substances and excess water present in the primary urine.
C) Tabular secretion – Particular capillary present around loop of Henle, waste material remain unfiltered in the blood during the glomerular filtration are secreted into the loop of Henle this is called as tubular secretion.
D) Formation of concentrated urine – The urine present in collecting tubules concentrated in the presence of Hormone vasopressin. Excessive dilute urination called as diabetes insipidus is caused due to the deficiency of vasopressin hormones .
2) How are waste product excreted in amoeba?
Ans- The excretion is varies with different Organism . In unicellular Organism absence of specific excretion organ. The amoeba is unicellular Organism and in the unicellular Organism remove of synthesized waste product out of body by the process of diffusion takes place from body surface into the surrounding water. The Amoeba is the freshwater Organism , it passes osmoregulatory organelles called as contractile vacuoles. This vacuoles collect water and wastage of body of amoeba and swell up reaches the surface and bursts, it release the wastage and waste content to outside the body into the surrounding water. In amoeba the excretion takes place through the body surface by process of diffusion.
3) Name different excretory organ in human body and excretory material generated by them.
Ans- Following are the different excretory organ in human body and wastage secreted by them.
A) Kidney – It is vital organ in excretion, it excrete the Waste called as urine .
B) Lungs – It excrete carbon dioxide and water vapours.
C) Skin- It excrete sweat and metabolic waste.
D) Liver- It excrete bile pigment.
E) Large intestine – It excrete the excess salt, calcium and undigested food material.
F) Salivary gland – The excretory generated by salivary gland are small amount of nitrogenous wastage.
4) Deepak Said that nephrons are functional and structural unit of kidneys? How will you support him?
Ans – Each kidney composed of approximately 1.3 to 1.8 millions of Uriniferous tubules Or nephrons, It plays an important role in glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption , tubular secretion, It is the basic part of excretory system, It carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder., Therefore the nephron called as structural and functional unit of kidney.
5) How plants manage the waste materials?
Ans – Different type of metabolic activity take place in plants and plant synthesize useful and waste product during the metabolism. The plant produce carbon dioxide and water as a respiratory wastage product , oxygen also by-product of photosynthesis process. These waste products excrete outside through stomata of leaves and lenticels of stems. The excess water are excreted by the process of transpiration and guttation . The other wastes product stored in leaf, fruit and bark, this stored wastes product rid off by the fall of bark and ripe fruit fall , some waste product are stored in various part for various uses and These are the way that plant manage waste materials.
6) Why do some people need to use dialysis machine? explain the principle involved in it.
Ans- In human body kidney are vital organ for survival. If kidney are healthy they do their function properly but some factors like infection, injuries, high blood pressure, high sugar Restricted to blood flow to kidney and results in accumulation of poisonous wastes in body. If Kidneys are not in proper working condition, It leads to death. That’s why it need to filter the blood by artificial means for that reason some peoples need to use dialysis machine. The dialysis machine is the artificial kidney used to filter the blood when both kidney are damaged. This process is called as dialysis. The artificial kidneys play similar role as like a original kidney xcept reabsorption. Clean blood is pumped back to the body through vein after adding anticoagulant. This process of dialysis session lasts for 3 to 6 hours. diffusion of solutes and ultrafiltration of fluid this is the principle involved in dialysis.
7) What is meant by osmoregulation ? how is it maintained in human body?
Ans- The osmoregulation is the maintenance of water balance and balance of dissolved material by the kidney in human body. The kidney plays important role in osmoregulation in human. The amount of water reabsorb from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules. This reabsorption is controlled by Hormones . The decrease in water potential is detected by osmoreceptor in hypothalamus. It results in stimulation of ADH Which is released by Pituitary gland to increase permeability of wall of collecting duct in kidney. Due to increase in permeability of wall large proportion of water is reabsorbed from fluid in the kidney. It prevent more water being excreted. By this way the osmoregulation are maintained in human body.
8) Do you find any relationship between circulatory system and excretory system ? what are they?
Ans- The circulatory system and excretory system have a close relation. It is helpful to each other for some processes in human body. The role of circulatory system are that, it deliver oxygen, nutrient, water, hormones, and other essential material to the body . The circulatory system also transport some waste material along with this essential material that is the carbon dioxide and other waste products of the cell to the lungs and kidney to be excreted. The excretory system plays important role in the process of cleaning the blood wastage, removing excess fluid and generally keeping the fluid in balance in the body. In the process of excretion some hormones are released to elevate blood pressure and accelerate red blood cell production by erythropoiesis and regulates blood pressure , These are the relation between circulatory system and excretory system.
9) Give the reasons?
A) Always vasopressin is not secrete.
Ans- urine that reaches in to the collecting tubules from loop of Henle that urine is concentrated in the presence of hormones Vasopressin, when person drinks more water and the process of osmoregulation is maintained externally, there is no need of excessive reabsorption of water from the convoluted tubules . Hence there are always vasopressin is not secreted.
B) When urine is discharged , in beginning it is acidic in nature later it becomes alkaline.
Ans- When urine is discharge in beginning it is acidic in nature later it becomes alkaline, because urine decomposition takes place , it forms ammonia . Thus when urine is discharge in beginning it is acidic later it become alkaline.
C) Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than the efferent arteriole.
Ans – The efferent arteriole carries the blood away from the glomerulus. Efferent arteriole has smaller diameter than afferent arteriole, the narrow outlet pressure exerts in glomerulus. it creates more pressure in the cavity of glomerulus. Thus the diameter of afferent arterioles is bigger than the efferent arteriole.
D) Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter.
Ans- In summer season more water loss from the body occurs in the form of sweat , as our body losses water our kidney absorb more water from the urine for maintaining the water balance in the body . Thus concentration of urine increases due to the absorption of water from urine and it become thicker. This the urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter.
10) Write differences.
- A) Functions of PCT and DCT.
PCT –
- It presents after the bowman’s capsule and before loop of Hene.
- PCT involved in the reabsorption process..
- It starting from bowman’s capsule in this place reabsorption takes place.
DCT –
- It presents after the loop of Henle of the renal tubules.
- The secretion occurs in the DCT.
- It start from loop of Henle and wastes is secreted in this region.
B) Kidney and artificial kidney
Kidney –
- Blood passes through kidneys contain nitrogenous wastes.
- It is organ that filter blood in Healthy persons.
- Reabsorption takes place in PCT and DCT of renal tubules.
Artificial kidney –
- Blood passes through artificial kidney do not contain nitrogenous wastes.
- It is used in person with both kidney are spoiled.
- There is no reabsorption takes place in the artificial kidney.
C) Excretion and Secretion
Excretion –
- It is the process of removal of wastage from the body by excretory system.
- It excrete the material like carbon dioxide , urine, sweat etc.
- Excreted substances are not useful to body , it is poisonous to body.
Secretion –
- It is the process of movement of material in the body.
- The material like hormones, saliva enzymes are secreted in this process.
- The substances secreted in the secretion process are useful in various metabolic activities in the body.
D) Primary metabolites and secondary metabolites
Primary metabolites –
- The material which required for normal growth are produced as primary metabolites.
- It directly involved in the various process that are growth , development and reproduction.
- Carbohydrates, fats and proteins Are the examples of primary metabolites.
Secondary metabolites –
- The material which do not required for normal growth are produced as a secondary metabolites.
- The secondary metabolites plays important role in the ecological functions.
- Alkaloid, tannins, resins, gums and latex are the examples of secondary metabolites.
11) There’s a pair of bean shaped organ P in the human body toward the back, just above the Waist. A product Q formed by the decomposition of unused protein in liver is brought into organ P, Through Blood by an artery R. The numerous tiny filters S present in organ P clean the Dirty blood goes into circulation to vein T. The waste substance Q and other waste salt and excess water from yellowish liquid U which goes from organ P into a bag like structure V through two tubes W . This liquid is then thrown out of the body through a tube X.
A) What is (1) organ P and waste (2) substance Q?
Ans- (1) P is the organ pair of bean shaped kidney. (2) Q is the waste substance produced by decomposition of protein called urea.
B) Name (1) artery R and (2) vein T.
Ans- 1) The artery R is the renal artery. (2) The vein T is the renal vein.
C) What are the tiny filters S known as?
Ans- The tiny filters S is known as Nephron, it is the structural and functional unit of
kidney.
D) 1) Name liquid U, 2) structure V, 3) tubes With 4) tube X.
Ans – 1) The yellowish liquid U is urine. 2) The urine pass through structure V is urinary bladder. 3) through two tubes W is the uterus, 4) This liquid is then throw out of the body through a tube X is the urethra.
12) The Organ ‘A’ of a person has been damaged completely due to a poisonous waste material ‘B’ has started accumulation in his blood making it dirty. In order to save this persons life the blood from an artery in the persons arm is made to flow into long tube made of substance ‘E’ which are kept in coiled form in a tank containing solution ‘F’. This solution contain 3 material G, H&I similar proportion to those in normal blood. As the persons blood passes through long tubes of substance E, most if the wastes is present in it go into solution ‘F’. The clean blood is then put back into a vein in the persons for circulation.
A) What is organ A?
Ans- The organ A is the kidney of a person .
B) Name the wastes substance B.
Ans- The B is the wastes substance Urea.
C) What are 1) E, and 2) F?
Ans- 1) The substance E is the cellulose and F is the dialysis solution.
D) What are G, H, and I?
Ans – 1) G is the water 2) H is the glucose and 3) I is the salt.
E) What is the process described above know as ?
Ans – The above described process known as dialysis.
13) Imagine what happens if waste material are not sent out of the body from time to time?
Ans – If wastes material are not sent out of the body from time to time, It get accumulate in the body. This accumulation wastes converted into a poisonous substances. These toxic substances are harmful to human body. If these toxic harmful substances are not sent out of the body, which pollute the body and leads to the death of that person.
14) To keep your kidney healthy for long period what questions will you ask a nephrologist / urologist?
Ans – To keep my kidney healthy for long time following questions I will ask to nephrologist or urologist.
- What are the function of kidney in the human body?
- What are the factors responsible for kidney stone?
- Which factor causes the kidney failure?
- What shall I do to keep my kidney from such a failure?
- How does diabetes harms kidney?
- How I can prevent formation of kidney stone in kidney?
- What shall I do to keep my kidney healthy for a long time?
15) What are the gum yielding trees in your surrounding? What procedure you should follow to collect gum from trees?
Ans – There are many plants yielding gum in our surrounding such as Neem, Acacia, Butea monsperma, Khair, babul etc.
The following are the procedure to collect gums from trees.
- Firstly break bark with the help of axe.
- Collecting bucket tightly fit to the sap wood for collecting the secreted gum in bucket.
- Break the wood above bucket as V shape.
- The gums begins seep out and drip into the bucket.
- Keep the bucket attached to tree until the gums accumulate in the bucket.
- Remove any other material accumulated with gums in bucket and collect this gum
containing bucket.
16) Collect the information about uses of different kinds of alkaloid take help of library or Internet?
Ans – Following are some examples of alkaloid with their uses is as follows,
- Parathyroid- It is used as insecticide to control insect pests.
- Nimbin – It is used as antiseptic.
- Reserpine – Used as a medicine for snake bite and high blood pressure.
- Morphine – Used as a painkiller.
- Nicotine – Used in pest control as an insecticide.
- Quinine – Used as a antimalarial drug.
17) Draw the need labelled diagram of LS of kidney.
Ans –
18) Describe the structure of nephron with the help of diagram.
Ans –
The nephron consist of mainly malpighian body and renal tubules.
The Malpighian body It consist of Cup shape end of nephron called as bowman’s capsule and blood capillaries collectively called as glomerulus. There are two arterioles , one is afferent arterioles and second is efferent arterioles. The afferent arterioles enters into the bowman’s capsule and divides into a capillary network and comes out of the bowman’s capsule as efferent arteriole which has lesser diameter as compared to afferent arterioles.
Renal tubules – Renal tubules consist of three part Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT) , Loop of Henle and Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT) . The collecting tubules forms pyramid and calyces open in to the pelvis. The proximal convoluted tubules is opens into this collecting tubes pelvis opens into ureters. These all part are connected to each other for transferring material and these all parts of renal tubules are surrounded by Petritubular capillaries network. This Petritubular capillary network formed from the efferent arterioles.
19) Draw a block diagram showing the pathway of excretory system in human bein.
Ans –
20) If you want to explain the process of filtration in kidney what diagram you need to draw?
Ans –
21) List out the things that makes you amazing in Excretory system of human being.
Ans – Following are the things that makes me amazing in excretory system of human beings.
- The Kidney is organ present in human body that remove the waste material from human body. They also work for balancing the proportion of vitamins, minerals, fats , proteins etc in human body. That are found in human blood does body can perform easily day today activity.
- There are two kidneys in human body right kidney and left kidney. These are assisted by number of body organs which helps in excretion and disposing waste product produced in human body.
- Intestine makes solid waste material in the process of digestion and this waste material excreted out of body through the digestive tract.
- In human body There are two bean shaped kidneys the left kidney is found higher than the right kidney.
- The skin also plays role as excretory system it excrete the wastage through sweat with the various toxins.
- The urea is waste and toxic product produced in human body which is excreted by excretory system with urine.
22) You read about brain dead in this chapter what discussion would you like to have why you think so?
Ans-
- Brain dead is the condition in which the brain of human not in working condition but other body part are in working conditions.
- In brain dead condition brain stop functioning in any capacity.
- After brain dead the organs such as kidney, heart , eye are live for a few days because ventilator is breathing for these organs.
- The process of transplantation of organs from brain dead patient to another this process of transplantation is called as cadaver transplantation.
- The organ is transplanted from brain dead patient called as donor.
- In community there is lack of awareness about organ donation.
- We need to aware community about organ donation.
- By the organ donation we can save life of someone’s.
23) We people have very less awareness about organ donation, to motivate people write slogans about organ donation?
Ans – Following are the some slogans that motivate the people for organ donation.
- Save a life after life.
- Be a donor , be a thankful.
- You will live on even after are gone.
- Since we cannot take our organ the afterlife the best option is recycle them by donate it.
- I am not handsome but I will give my hand to someone by organ donation.
- Donate organs save life.
24) After learning this chapter what habit you would like to change or follow for proper functioning of kidneys?
Ans – After learning this chapter I would like to change some habits for proper functioning of kidney.
- I will eat well cooked meal to avoid infection and drink purified water.
- I will eat meal that are lower in protein and decrease the level of urea, urea is the toxic substance in our body.
- Increase the proportion of fruit and vegetables in daily meal.
- Avoid high phosphorous food.
- Avoid eating of high potassium containing food, the high potassium level causes irregular heart beats.
Fill In the blanks
2) Earthworm excretes waste material through Nephridia .
3) The dark coloured outer zone of kidney is called as cortex.
4) The process of control of water balance and I am concentration with in Organism is called as osmoregulation.
5) Reabsorption of useful product takes place in Proximal Convoluted Tubules part of nephron.
6) Gums and resins are the metabolic product of the plants.
7) Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus taken together make up renal corpuscle.
8) The alkaloid used for malaria treatment is Quinine.
9) The principle involved in dialysis is diffusion of solutes and ultrafiltration of fluid.
10) Jean Hamburger performed first kidney transplantation.
Choose the correct answer.
1) The structural and functional unit of human kidney is called ?
A) Neuron
B) Nephron
C) Nephridia
D) Flame cell
Ans – B) Nephron
2) The excretory organ in cockroach.
A) Malphisian tubules
B) Raphids
C) Ureters
D) Nephridia
Ans- A) Malphisian tubules
3) Which of the following is the correct path taken by urine in our body?
1) Kidney
2) Ureters
3) Urethra
4) Urinary bladder
A) 1, 2, 4, 3
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 2, 3, 1, 4
Ans – A) 1, 2, 4, 3
4) Malpighian tubes are excretory organs in
A) Earthworm
B) House fly
C) Flatworm
D) Hen
Ans- B) Horsefly
5) Major component of Urine is
A) Urea
B) Sodium
C) Water
D) Creatine
Ans- C) Water
6) Special excretory organs are absent in
A) Bird
B) Amoeba
C) Sponges
D) A and B
Ans – C) Sponge
7) Which of the following hormones has direct impact on urination ?
A) Adrenal
B) Vasopressin
C) Testosterone
D) Oestrogen
Ans- B) Vasopressin
8) Amber colour to urine due to
A) Urochrome
B) Bilirubin
C) Beliverdine
D) Chlorides
Ans – A) Urochrome
9) Sequence of urine formation in nephron is
A) Glomerular filtration –> tubular reabsorption –> tubular secretion
B) Tubular reabsorption –> tubular secretion –> glomerulus filtration
C) Tubular secretion –>glomerular filtration –> tubular reabsorption
D) Tubular reabsorption –>concentration of urine –> tubular secretion
Ans – A) Glomerular filtration –> tubular reabsorption –> tubular secretion
10) Part of the nephron that exist in outer zone of kidney.
A) Loop of Henle
B) PCT
C) DCT
D) Bowman’s capsule
Ans – D) Bowman’s capsule
11) After having lunch or dinner one can feel to pass urine, because of a
A) Stomach pressure on bladder
B) Solid become liquid
C) Water content in food material
D) Sphincter relaxation
Ans – C) Water content in food material.