Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 9 Solution – Globalisation. Here in this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science Globalisation Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 9 Globalisation Solution:
1.) What were the reasons for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investmentby the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?
Ans: The Indian government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment. This was considered necessary to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition. Industries were just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s and competition from imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to survive. Thus, India allowed import of only essential items such as machinery, fertilisers, petroleum etc. Note that all the developed countries, during the early stages of development, have given protection to domestic producers through a variety of means.
However, around 1991, some far reaching changes in policy were made in India. The government identify that the time had come for Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe. It felt that competition would improve the performance of producers within the country since they would have to improve their quality. This decision was supported by powerful international organisations. Thus, barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent. This meant that goods could be imported and exported easily and foreign companies could also set up factories and offices here. Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is known as liberalisation. With liberalisation of trade, businesses are allowed to make decisions freely about what they wish to import or export. The government imposes less restrictions than earlier and is therefore said to be more liberal.
2.) How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
Ans: Government has allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers ‘flexibly’ for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company. However, foreign companies are demanding further flexibility in labour laws.
3.) What are the various ways in which MNCs set up or control production in other countries?
Ans: Firstly, MNCs have increased their investments in India, which means investing in India has been beneficial for them. MNCs have been interested in industries such as cell phones, automobiles, electronics, soft drinks, fast food or services such as banking in urban areas. These products have a large number of well-off buyers. In these industries and services, new jobs have been created. Local companies supplying raw materials etc. to these industries have also prospered.
Secondly, several of the top Indian companies have been able to benefit from the increased competition. They have invested in newer technology and production methods and raised their production standards. Some have gained from successful collaborations with foreign companies.
Moreover, globalisation has enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals themselves! Tata Motors (automobiles), Infosys (IT), Ranbaxy (medicines), Asian Paints (paints), Sundaram Fasteners (nuts and bolts) are some Indian companies which are spreading their operations worldwide.
4.) Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?
Ans: The government should ensure that labour laws are properly implemented and the workers get their rights. It can support small producers to improve their performance till the time they become strong enough to compete. If necessary, the government can use trade and investment barriers. It can negotiate at the WTO for ‘fairer rules’. It can also align with other developing countries with similar interests to fight against the domination of developed countries in the WTO. In the past few years, massive campaigns and representations by people’s organisations have influenced important decisions relating to trade and investments at the WTO. This has demonstrated that people also can play an important role in the struggle for fair globalisation.
5.) “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.
Ans: Globalisation is the process of rapid integration of countries. It is a major change that occurred across the globe in the late 20th century. This has economic, political as well as cultural dimensions. Integration of markets and production through trade and investments controlled by themultinational corporations with huge wealth and power is one hallmark of the present phase of globalisation. Liberalisation, by removing barriers to trade and investment, has opened the economies to the forces of globalisation. The benefits of globalisation have been unevenly distributed. It has benefited well-off consumers and as well as producers with skill, education and huge amount of wealth. Certain services that are enabled with technology have expanded. On the other hand, thousands of small producers and workers have seen their employment and workers’ rights erode. It is important to understand the two-sided nature of globalisation. The other dimension of inequality, which we saw is in the dominating influence of the rich countries on matters of policy. Be it policies on international economic exchange – trade, investment, migration – or domestic matters, rich western countries have an undue influence over the rest of the world. International organisations like WTO, WB and the IMF represent the interests of the developed countries far more than that of the developing world. Thus, while the supporters of globalisation speak of the advantages of global integration and see globalisation as an opportunity for growth and prosperity, its critics point out that it is another attempt by some countries – read the west – to dominate the world. They argue that it harms democracy, workers rights, and the environment in many of the poorer countries.
6.) How has liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the process of globalisation?
Ans: Integration of markets and production through trade and investments controlled by the multi-national corporations with huge wealth and power is one hallmark of the present phase of globalisation. Liberalisation, by removing barriers to trade and investment, has opened the economies to the forces of globalisation. The benefits of globalisation have been unevenly distributed. It has benefited well-off consumers and as well as producers with skill, education and huge amount of wealth. Certain services that are enabled with technology have expanded. On the other hand, thousands of small producers and workers have seen their employment and workers’ rights erode. It is important to understand the two-sided nature of globalisation.
7.) Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans: In twenty years from now, the impact of modern communication and technology will lead to the spread of only a few certain cultures and ideas which have been marginalised to local and small cultures, while others would argue that globalisation would also give space to and allow the spread of distinctive and often marginalised cultural practices. It can be pointed out that while some languages have become widely used and are now the languages of international communication, others have been neglected and some are on the verge of extinction.
Globalisation is the process of rapid integration of countries. It is a major change that occurred across the globe in the late 20th century. This has economic, political as well as cultural dimensions. Integration of markets and production through trade and investments controlled by themultinational corporations with huge wealth and power is one hallmark of the present phase of globalisation. Liberalisation, by removing barriers to trade and investment, has opened the economies to the forces of globalisation.
8.) Locate the following in the map of world.
i) China ii) Japan iii) Brazil iv) South Africa
Ans: