Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 8 Solution – Rampur : A Village Economy. Here in this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science Rampur : A Village Economy Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 8 Rampur : A Village Economy Solution:
1.) Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Censusand the details are presented in the following format. Fill up thefollowing based on information on Rampur.
a.) Location:
Ans: West of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.)
b.) Total area of the Village:
Ans: 246 hectares
c.) Land use (in hectares)
Ans: Irrigated – 200 hectares, Unirrigated – 20 hectares.
d.) Facilities
Ans: Education – 2 primary schools and 1 high school or senior school.
Medical – 1 public sector and 1 private sector hospital
Market – 14 markets within 10kms radius
Electric supply – every house has electricity
Communication – Road transport services
Nearest town – Sahpur
2.) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Rampur less than minimum wages?
Ans: Farm labourers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. Unlike farmers working on their own fields, farm labourers do not have a right over the crops grown on the land. Instead they are paid wages by the farmer for whom they work. They have been employed to do the work. Wages can be in cash or in kind (crop). Sometimes labourers get meals too. Wages vary widely from region to region, from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another (like sowing and harvesting). There is also a wide variation in the duration of employment. A farm labourer might be employed on a daily basis or on contract for one particular farm activity like harvesting or for the whole year. Shivaiah is a landless farm labourer who works on daily wages in Rampur. This means that he must regularly look for work. Shivaiah’s wages are less than what the Uttar Pradesh government has set as minimum wages for labourers. There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Rampur, so people agree to work for lower wages. With large farmers increasingly relying on machines like tractors, threshers, harvesters, the number of days of work available to a worker is very low in rural areas. In the whole of last year, Shivaiah got less than five months of work on the farm. During the periods when no work is available, Shivaiah and many like him have applied to village Panchayat for work under MGNREGA.
3.) Talk to two labourers from your region. Choose either farm labourers orlabourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are theypaid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Ans: (Activity to be done in class)
4.) What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece ofland? Use examples to explain.
Ans: The different ways of increasing production on the same piece ofland are:-
i) Cultivation of lands must be the primary goal at all costs.
ii) More the cultivation of lands, more the productivity of crops.
iii) Crops should be cultivated smartly, depending on the favourable climatic and weather conditions required by the crops to grow.
iv) Irrigation should be provided by canal systems.
5.) How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Ans: Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the working capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to a great distress to repay the loan.In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers generally have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for seeds, fertiliser, pesticide, payments to labourers etc – the working capital needed for farming. All large farmers in this village have tractors. They use them for ploughing and sowing their farms and hire out these tractors to other small farmers. Most of them also have threshers and some own harvesters. All such farmers have many tube wells to irrigate their farms. These tools and machines are all part of physical capital for farming
6.) On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal ? Would Savita’s condition bedifferent if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Ans: Savita is a small farmer. She plans to cultivate wheat on her 1 ha. of land. Besides seeds, fertilisers and pesticides, she needs cash to buy water and repair her farm instruments. She estimates that the working capital itself would cost a minimum of Rs. 6000. She doesn’t have the money, so she decides to borrow from Tejpal, a large farmer. Tejpal agrees to give the loan to Savita at 36% per annum interest rate, which is a high rate for four months. Savita also has topromise to work on his field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 100 per day. As you can tell, this wage is quite low. Savita knows that she will have to work very hard to complete the harvesting on her own field and then work as a farm labourer for Tejpal. The harvest time is a very busy time. As a mother of three children, she has a lot of household responsibilities. Savita agrees to these tough conditions as she knows that getting a loan is difficult for a small farmer.
7.) Talk to some elderly persons in your region and write a small report on thechanges in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30years.
Ans: i) Fertilizers are now being used instead of cow dung.
ii) In 1960, the government launched the Green Revolution project which helped the farm sector.
iii) High Yeilding Variety (HIV) seeds are provided for wheat and rice crops, which was absent during that time.
iv) Instead of farming by cows, tractors and other machines are now used.
v) Water supply has improved in today’s generation of farming.
8.) What are the main non-farm production activities taking place in your region?
Ans: i) Dairy production is a common activity in many families of Rampur. People feed their buffaloes on various kinds of grass and jowar and bajra fodder cultivated during the rainy season.
ii) At present, less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing activities in Rampur. Unlike manufacturing which that takes place in big factories in the towns and cities, manufacturing in Rampur involves very simple production methods and is done on a small scale. Manufacturing is carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour.
iii) There are not many people involved in trade (exchange of goods) in Rampur. The traders of Rampur buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. Small general stores in the village sell a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soap, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pen, pencil and sometimes even cloth.
9.) Imagine a situation where labour is the scarce factor of production instead ofland. Would the story of Rampur be different? How? Discuss in class.
Ans: labour means people who do the work. Some production activities require highly trained and educated workers to perform the necessary tasks. Other activities require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the necessary labour for production. Unlike common usage, labour refers to all human effort in production, not just manual labour.
Labour is one of the most important factor of production in Rampur, as there is a huge competition of people working on farms to make ends meet. If labour becomes scarce then the total production of Rampur would decrease drastically and people would fall short on crops.
10.) Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850households in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employedin rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur.Such migration is common in most villages across India. Why do peoplemigrate? Can you describe (based on your imagination and previous chapter)the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place ofdestination?
Ans: People from rural areas, move to cities and towns to work in industry and other service activities. This has been recognised as a natural reason to increase their income and for better family prospects. In this process, they have opportunities for education, new jobs and to acquire new skills. Towns also appear to offer greater freedom and somewhat less discrimination based on caste and gender. However, many move to urban areas more out of desperation and not having adequate employment opportunities in the rural areas. For these people, living conditions in slums in towns and cities are worse because space is cramped and even basic facilities such as drinking water and sanitation aren’t available. These people are not able to find jobs in the ‘organised sector’ and therefore there is no job security and decent income that they were aspiring for. They continue to live as daily workers.
11.) Land is also required for production of goods in an urban area. In what ways isthe use of land different from a rural area?
Ans: Land is used in urban areas for:
i) Developing large scale industries and factories for production of goods and services at a fast pace.
ii) Developing buildings, houses, hotels, villas for people to live in and enjoy a luxurious life style.
iii) Developing roads, railways, metros, and airports for faster modes of transportation from one place to another in a limited amount of time.
iv) Developing amusement parks, arcade game rooms, malls, and so on to meet the recreational needs of people living in the city.
12.) Read again the meaning of “land” in the production process. Give threeexamples, other than agriculture, where this requirement is most significantin the process of production.
Ans: i) Factories are built on land to produce and sell its product.
ii) Shops are built on land for distribution of goods and services.
iii) Land is used for developing places for people to live in.
13.) Water, a natural resource for production, particularly agricultural production,now requires greater capital for its use. What is your opinion on it?
Ans: Use of water has led to increased production and yields, the use of the natural resource like water has not always been judicious. Experience shows fertility of land is declining due to overuse-excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Like Rampur, mostly irrigation in India is based on tapping underground water. As a result, underground water tables have fallen rapidly across the country. Even in regions with bountiful rains and favourable natural systems of recharge, the water tables have reached dangerously low levels. As the water tables decline, farmers have to drill deeper tube wells than before. The use of diesel/ electricity for irrigation rises accordingly.