Telangana SCERT Class 10 Biology Chapter 1 Solution – Nutrition. Here in this post we provides Class 10 Biology Nutrition Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Biology Chapter 1 Nutrition Solution:
1) Distinguish between
A) Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition
B) Injection and digestion
C) Light reaction and dark reaction
D) Chlorophyll and chloroplast
Ans A) Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition
Autotrophic nutrition
- Autotrophs are organisms that able to synthesise their own food material.
- They absorb nutrients from soil and gases from air.
- They do not depend upon the other for Nutrition
Heterotrophic nutrition
- Heterotrophs are the Organism that can’t synthesize their own food material , depend on another for nutrition.
- They absorb nutrition from many autotrophs
- Depend upon other Organism for nutrition.
B) Ingestion and digestion
Ingestion
- It is the process of taking food into the body.
- It cannot be used by body.
- It is taking up food in the mouth.
Digestion
- It is the breaking of complex food substance into simple digestible substance by some specific enzymes.
- Digested food can be used by the body.
- It is processed food ready for absorption.
C) Light reaction and dark reaction
Light reaction
- The reaction is depend on the light or light dependent events is called as light reactions.
- This light reaction takes place in grana of mitochondria
- Reaction completed only in the presence of light
Dark reaction
- Light independent reaction is also called as dark reaction
- these light independent reaction occurs in the stroma.
- Dark reaction complete in the absence of light it is not required light.
D) Chlorophyll and chloroplast
Chlorophyll
- It is the pigment that is responsible for the process of photosynthesis in plant.
- It is the pigment that provide the green colour to the plant.
- It absorb the light energy in the form of protons.
Chloroplast
- It is the cell organelle and it contains a stoma ,thylakoids, grana.
- It is the region where many reactions takes place.
- The grana that contain the chlorophyll is present in chloroplast.
2) Give the reason
A) Why photosynthesis is considered as the basic energy source for most of living world.
Ans- Most of the living things are heterotrophs the can’t prepare their own food material, depend on others for nutrition and nourishment. the plants are capable to prepare their own food material by the process of photosynthesis and store it. most of living things use such plant as a source of food. It provide the energy to all living things by acting as a primary source of food. We can state that photosynthesis is the basic energy source for most of the living things or living world. Hence photosynthesis considered as the basic energy source of living words.
B) Why is it right to call the dark phase of photosynthesis is a light independent phase?
Ans- It is right to call the dark phase of photosynthesis as a light independent phase, because dark phase of photosynthesis do not required presence of light to complete it, it is not depend on the light.
C) Why is it necessary to destarch a plant before performing any experiment on photosynthesis?
Ans- In photosynthesis experiment we find that how plants produce food and how much quantity is produced during photosynthesis. the plant store food in the form of starch and utilise it if necessary during the absence of photosynthesis. If starch is already present in plant at time of experiment there is no accuracy in experiment. Hence it is necessary to destarch the plant before performing an experiment on photosynthesis.
D) Why is not possible to demonstrate respiration in green plants kept in sunlight?
Ans- It is not possible to demonstrate the respiration in green plants keep in sunlight because In experiment of respiration we study about carbon dioxide and oxygen’s but, when plants kept in sunlight there is a process of photosynthesis takes place and carbon dioxide released during respiration is utilised in the process of photosynthesis.
3) Give the example of following
A) Digestive enzyme
Ans- pepsin, Bile, Amylase, Trypsin, Lipase, Peptides, Ptyalin etc.
B) Organism exhibiting heterotrophic nutrition
Ans- mould, yeast, mushrooms. .
C) Vitamins
Ans- Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K etc Are the examples of vitamins.
D) Nutritional deficiency diseases.
Ans- Kwashiorkor diseases, Marasmus disease.
4) From where do plant get raw material required for photosynthesis?
Ans-the raw material used in photosynthesis is carbon dioxide and water. the carbon dioxide is obtained from atmosphere through the stomatal opening present on leaf, and water is absorbed from the soil by root.
5) Explain the process of photosynthesis in with the help of flow chart?
Ans –
The photosynthesis is the process by which the inorganic molecules are converted into a complex organic molecules in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Several reaction takes place in photosynthesis and intermediate compounds are also formed.
In the process of photosynthesis the raw material that is carbon dioxide and water molecule are reacted with each other in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll the final t product is called as glucose and oxygen is released in the atmosphere as a by product of this reaction.
Plant obtain carbon dioxide from air and water molecule from soil water. this carbon dioxide enters into plant by opening present on leaves of plant called as tomato opening and water molecule absorbed by root from soil. Plant leaf contains chlorophyll, if plant kept in the sunlight the process of photosynthesis takes place.
6CO2 +12H2O-SunlightChlorophyll -→ C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
6 molecule of carbon dioxide reacted with 12 molecule of water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. it gives the glucose and 6 molecule of water and 6 molecule of oxygen released in atmosphere as a by-product.
6) Name the three end products of photosynthesis?
Ans- following are the three end product of photosynthesis
1) Glucose molecule
2) 12 molecule of water
3) 6 molecule of oxygen
7) What is the substance that connect light reaction and dark reaction?
Ans- The ATP ( adenosine Triphosphate) Is the substance that connect like reaction and dark reaction. The ATP and NADP is synthesized in light reaction. The ATP utilised in dark reaction as a source of energy and NADP is used to transfer hydrogen from light reaction to dark ration in the form of NADPH2.
8) In most of leaves the upper surface will be more green and shiny than the lower surface. Why?
Ans- If we see the structure of leaves. The chlorophyll containing mesophyll lies at upper surface of leaves, it have a green colour that’s why upper surface is more Green than lower surface of leaves and due to the more amount of chlorophyll present on upper surface of leaves more light energy is trapped . Hence more amount of light of green wavelength is Reflected that’s why it is more green in colour. The plant leaf having a layer of cuticles on upper surface which is thicker than the lower surface hence upper surface of leaf are more shiny than the lower surface.
9) Explain the structure of chloroplast with neatly labelled diagram.
Ans –
The chloroplast is mainly consist of 3 membrane that is outer membrane inner membrane and middle lamella, the grana is from inner most large chloroplast. It is a stacked sack like structure in the stroma.
The portion that is filled with fluid or intermediate portion filled with fluid called stoma. The reaction is taken place in stoma that is a stoma is responsible for the enzymatic reactions leading to the synthesis of glucose which is turn to join together to form starch. photosynthesis pigment lies in chloroplast. The photosynthesis unit present in thylakoids, this unit functions together in chloroplast of green plants in the photosynthesis process.
10) What is the role of acid in stomach?
Ans- Acid Is useful in stomach for churning of food, breakdown of foods into a small molecules. it plays an vital role in stomach to breakdown, digest, absorb nutrition. It activate some enzymes which is responsible for digestion.
11) Mention the name of glands and organs which help in digestion?
Ans- Loving are the glands organs that perform different function in the digestive system by using enzymes
1) Salivary gland
2) Mouth
3) Oesophagus
4) Pancreas
5) Liver
6) Large intestine
7) Small intestine
8) Rectum etc.
12) How is the small intestine designed to assimilate the food? Explain.
Ans- In the digestive system the food is entered into mouth and passes to stomach and from stomach it passes to the small intestine.
The pyloric spinsters muscles is the ring like muscles which is relax to open the passage into the small intestine. It regulate the opening of passes such that only small quantities of food material enters into small in testing at a time. Intestine is the largest part of alimentary canal.
Duodenum is the proximal part of small intestine. It is the site of digestion of fats, protein and carbohydrates by the action of secretion of liver , bile is juice secreted by liver convert fat into a small globules this process is called emulsifications. Pancreas secrete juice contain enzyme like trypsin. It carry the process of digestion of a protein and lipase for fat . Wall of small intestine secrets intestinal juice which is useful to breakdown the protein into small molecules all the foods are assimilate in the small intestine.
13) How are fats digested? where do they get digested ?
Ans- the starting of fat digestion started in mouthpart and further into the small intestine. Bile is the juice secreted by liver convert fat to small globules called as Emulsification. Lipase also responsible for the breakdown of fats into fatty acid. finally fats are digested into small intestine and nutrient also absorb in small intestine.
14) What is the role of saliva in the digestion of foods ?
Ans- The saliva Play very important role in the digestion of food.
- In the process of mastication crushed food mixed with saliva to make it wet and slippery called bolus.
- Crushed food mix with saliva to make it wet and slippery which make food easy to move in digestive system.
- These soft foods are mixed with saliva and passes through oesophagus easily.
- Saliva is secreted by salivary glands which contains ptyalin which is responsible for breakdown of carbohydrates into the maltose.
15) What will happen to protein digestion as the medium of intestine is gradually rendered alkaline?
Ans – The small intestine received secretion of liver and pancreas. This juice render the intestinal condition of the intestine gradually to basic or alkaline. Juice secreted by pancreas contain enzyme like trypsin for carrying the process of digestion of protein that’s why if the medium of intestine rendered alkaline digestion of protein takes place.
16) What is the role of roughages in alimentary track?
Ans- Are the main role of roughages in alimentary tract.
- The Roughages help in the movement of food via the alimentary canal.
- It avoid Constipation and to get rid of undigested food.
- It plays an important role in the retaining of water in the body.
- It helps in easy defection.
17) What is malnutrition ? explain few nutritional deficiency diseases.
Ans- The malnutrition is defined as eating of food that does not have one or more than one nutrient in required amount is called as malnutrition.
Due to the malnutrition there is a deficiency diseases in our country few are described below.
a) Kwashiorkor disease – Is disease caused due to the deficiency in protein in diet due to the accumulation of water in the intercellular space the body part become swollen, this disease express the following symptoms swollen legs, poor muscle development , fluffy face difficult to eat, dry skin and diarrhoea.
b) Marasmus disease – Due to the deficiency of protein and calories the disease occurred is marasmus , generally the marasmus is occurred when there is immediate second pregnancy or repeated childbirth. Following are the symptoms of disease dry ski, diarrhoea, less development of muscle, lean and weak.
18) How do fungi and bacteria obtain their nourishment?
Ans – fungus obtain their nourishment by breakdown food material outside the body and then absorb it. Example is mushroom. These organisms obtain their nutrient from death organic matter called as saprophyte, and other Organism or fungi absorb nutrient from living plant called as parasite , example is fungal diseases in plants.
Some organism like amoeba obtain their food nutrient by using temporary finger like extension of cell surface which is attached to the food particle forming food vacuoles. this food is breakdown and the diffuse into cytoplasm the undigested food material excreted out of body.
19) If we keep on increasing CO2 concentration in air what will happen to the rate of photosynthesis?
Ans- If we keep on increasing CO2 to concentration in air then the rate of photosynthesis increases because in the concentration of CO2 in atmosphere increases then the more CO2 is absorbed by plant through the stomatal opening and if plant get the more amount of water and nutrient then suddenly it increase it photosynthesis rate.
20) What happens if the rate of respiration is more than the rate of photosynthesis in plants?
Ans- If the rate of respiration is higher than the rate of photosynthesis there is a more consumption of oxygen it means more energy spent than the amount of energy produced in the plant by photosynthesis , it results in plant suffering from the starvation and finally death of plants.
21) How can You say that the carbohydrates are not completely digested until they reach the intestine?
Ans- The Carbohydrates are not completely digested until they reach in intestine. Because when carbohydrate is entered in mouth the breakdown of carbohydrates takes place by a chemical and mechanical actions. the carbohydrates is digested in the alkaline medium but the saliva are not an alkaline medium. then food transport to stomach and at the stomach food get churned with gastric juice and HCL rendering the medium acidic. gastric juice contain pepsin and it is related to digestion of protein, then the food transport to intestine. The intestine is the site of further digestion of protein and carbohydrates and fats. Intestine receive secretion of liver and pancreas this juice render the internal condition of interesting alkaline in nature. The carbohydrate digestion started in mouth part and not digested in stomach it started again in the intestine as the medium gradually change to the alkaline one and enzyme required to breakdown the carbohydrates are active. Hence the carbohydrates are digested in the intestine.
22) What process do you follow in the laboratory to study the presence of starch in leaves ?
Ans
To study the presence of stars in plants leaves allowing is the procedure to follow for study
- Take a leap of plants which is thin and well exposed to sunlight such a leaf is more suitable
- Arrange apparatus as shown in above figure.
- Take a test tube with methylated spirit in it
- Put the selected leaf in test tube filled with methylated spirit.
- Transfer the boiled leaf into the test tube.
- Boil this test tube in water bath.
- due to this boiling leaf containing test tube the chlorophyll dissolve in spirit in test tube.
- leaf become pale due to remove of chlorophyll pigment in spirit.
- Take this leaf with the help of brush and spread in the Petri dish.
- Add few drops of iodine and observe the leaf that we get the starch contains in leaf it will be indicated by the bluish black colours.
23) How would you demonstrate that green plants release oxygen when exposed to light?
Ans
We will Demonstrate that the green plant release oxygen when exposed to light by follow the following experiment
- Arrange the apparatus as shown in above figure.
- Take a two identical set of water plant that is hydrilla.
- Take whole set under the bucket of water.
- Invert the water field test tube over the stem of funnel.
- Take these setup of the bucket expose in the sunlight.
- Arrange second set in the similar way.
- Cover it with black paper cloth and kept in shade to avoid exposure in sunlight.
- Observed both seats we see the in place of water there is air in setup exposure in sunlight and gas will be collected in the test tube. While we observe the second set up that kept in shade and covered with black paper .
- There’s more difference in gas collected in the test tube
- that’s why we demonstrate that the green plants release oxygen when exposed in sunlight.
25.) would the survival of organisms become a difficult , if there are no green plants on earth ?why / why not?
Ans- The survival of organisms is difficult if there are no green plants on earth, because every Organism need the oxygen and food for survival. if there is no green plants there is no available of food for all living things and all living things directly or indirectly depend on green plants for nourishment , if there is no green plant all living things utilise the presence oxygen in respiration . without these two things there are no one can survival on earth.
26.) Draw the labelled diagram of human digestive system? List out the part where peristalsis takes place?
Ans-
The soft food mixed with saliva secreted by salivary gland passes through oesophagus by wavelike movement called as peristaltic movement, then transfer to stomach. in the stomach food gets churned and most off protein breakdown into small molecules , then food passes from stomach to small intestine. in small intestine further process of digestion takes place. then undigested food is passes to rectum and it is defected through the anus oesophagus, stomach , largest intestine, small intestine are the parts where Peristalsis takes place.
27.) Raheem prepared model showing the passage of food through different part of alimentary canal? Observe this and label its parts?
Ans-
28.) Observe the following diagram Write note on light dependent and light independent reactions.
Ans –
Light dependent reaction – In This phase many chemical reactions occurs in very quick succession initiated by light, all reaction takes place in the presence of light hence this phase is technically called as photochemical phase or light dependent reaction , this light reaction takes place in Thylakoids that contain chlorophyll called as grana of the chloroplast . The chlorophyll is activated when exposed to light and observed photon’s as a light energy, these energy is used to breaking of water molecule and release oxygen in atmosphere . this process is known as photolysis. after releasing oxygen remaining hydrogen is picked by NADP and at the end of light reaction ATP molecule is formed.
Light independent reaction – This reaction is not depend on light this is also called as dark reaction. The hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide by utilising ATP molecules that are produced in the light reaction. it gives production of glucose. this glucose is stored in plant in the form of starch. The light independent reaction also called as dark reaction or thermochemical reaction.
29 ) What facts about the green plants do you appreciate?
Ans- Following facts appreciate about green plants
- The plant take harmful gases from atmosphere like a carbon dioxide in the various metabolic activities.
- It release the useful gases like oxygen in the process of photosynthesis.
- Plant produce their own food material by the process of photosynthesis and provide food to other living organisms and act as the basic source of nutrient.
- Green plants are helpful to environment and keep the environment calamity free.
- Green plants are base in the food triangle any other Organism depends on plant for their nourishment.
30.) What food habit will you follow after reading this chapter?
Ans- After the reading of this chapter I will follow the following food habits
I will take balance diet which contain nutritive food, the mostly prefer food containing carbohydrates, protein, fats , vitamins , minerals etc. I will avoid the eating of very fatty foods , I will prefer food that contain roughages or food containing fibres, the food containing leafy vegetables and fruits it helpful to our health , I will care about the deficiency of vitamins, proteins, fats and preferred food containing carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins.
Fill in the blanks
1.) the food synthesised by the plant is stored as STARCH
2.) Mitochondria are the site of photosynthesis.
3.) The enzyme in pancreatic juice help in digestion of protein and fats.
4.) The finger like projection which increases the surface area in small intestine are called microvilli.
5.) The gastric juice contain hydrochlorineacid & pepsin
6.) Cynocobolamin B12 Vitamin is synthesised by bacteria present in intestine.
Choose the correct answer.
1) Which of the following Organism take the food by parasitic nutrition ?
1) Yeast 2) Mushrooms 3) Cucuta 4) Leeches
1) 1,2
2) 3
3) 3, 4
4) 1
Ans- C) 3,4
2 ) Rate of photosynthesis is not affected by:
A) Light intensity
B) Humidity
C) Temperature
D) Carbon dioxide concentration
Ans- c) Temperature
3) Plant is kept in dark for about 48 hours before conducting any experiment on photosynthesis in order to
A) Remove chlorophyll from leaves
B) Remove water from leaves
C) Ensure that no photosynthesis occurred
D) Ensure that leaves are free from the starch
Ans- D) Ensure that leaves are free from the starch
4) Digestive juice without enzyme is
A) Bile
B) Gastric juice
C) Pancreatic juice
D) saliva
Ans-A ) Bile
5) In single celled animals the food is taken by
A) body surface
B) Mouth
C) Teeth
D) Vacuoles
Ans A) body surface
6) Which part of the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis?
A) Root hair
B) Stomata
C) leaf veins
D) sepal
Ans- B) Stomata
Additional Questions and Answers:
MCQ
1.) Autotrophs are the organisms capable of using which source to synthesize chemical compounds.
a.) Water b.)soil c.) Light d.) All of the above
Ans: c.) Light
2.) For each molecule of carbohydrate formation, how many molecule of carbon dioxide and of water are required.)
a.) 1 and 2 b.)2 and 1 c.) 1 and 3 d.)3 and 1
Ans: a.) 1 and 2
3.) During photosynthesis which events occur in the chloroplast ?
a.) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy
b.) Splitting of water molecule
c.) Reduction of carbondioxide to carbohydrates
d.) all of the above
Ans: d.) All of the above
4.) Where does the light reaction takes place in chlorophyll ?
a.) stroma b.) membrane c.) chloroplast d.)grana
Ans: d.) grana
5.) NADH is reduces into which molecule?
a.) NADPH b.)ATP c.)ADH d.) all of the above
Ans: a.) NADPH
6.) Which chlorophylls are associated with thylakoid membranes.
a.) Chlorophyll a b.) chlorophyll b c.) both a and b d.)none
Ans: c.) both a and b
7.) Chlorophyll is a pigment containing one atom of which compound?
a.) sulphur b.) calcium c.) iron d.) magnesium
Ans: Magnesium
8.) Saliva mainly contains which enzyme ?
a.) amylase b.) trypsin c.)bile d.)pepsin
Ans: a.) amylase
9.) Which enzyme breaks down the protein ?
a.) amylase b.) pepsin c.) bile d.) all of the above
10.) The proximal part of small intestine is called:
a.) pyloric sphincter b.) jejunum c.) duodenum d.) ileum
Ans: c.) duodenum
11.) Emulsification is the process in which :
a.) Fats are digested b.) Protein are digested c.) carbohydrate are digested d.) all of the above
Ans: a.) Fats are digested
12.) Which enzyme is secreted by pancreases ?
a.) Amylase b.) Trypsin c.) Lipase d.) all of the above
13.) End product of protein is:
a.)amino acid b.)maltose c.)glucose d.)peptone
Ans: d.)peptone
14.) Bile is secreted by:
a.) gastric glands b.) pancreases c.) liver d.) small intestine
Ans: liver
15.) Glucose is the end product of:
a.) sucrose b.)protein c.)lipid d.) carbohydrates
Ans: a.) sucrose
16.) Lipase acts on which nutrients?
a.) proteins b.)lipids c.) carbohydrates d.) fats
Ans: d.) fats
17.) Salivary glands secrets which enzyme?
a.) trypsin b.) salivary amylase c.)lypase d.)pepsin
Ans: b.) salivary amylase
18.) The maximum food absorption occurs in :
a.)stomach b.) large intestine c.)esophagus d.) small intestine
Ans: d.) small intestine
19.) Healthy people can usually avoid problems related to digestion by:
a.) having simple, well balanced meals
b.) avoiding taking violent exercise soon after eating food
c.) Drinking plenty of water.
d.) All of the above.
Ans: All of the above . d.)
20.) Type of Malnutrition are/is:
a.) Protein malnutrition,
b.) Calorie malnutrition,
c.) Protein calorie malnutrition
d.) All of the above
Ans: d.) All of the above
21.) fat soluble vitamins are
a.) vitamin A, b.) Vit D, c.) Vit. E and k d.) All of the above.
Ans: d.) All of the above.
22.) Beri Beri disease is caused by deficiency by:
a.) Thiamin (B1)
b.) Riboflavin (B2)
c.) Niacin (B3 )
d.) Pyridoxine (B6 )
Ans: a.) Thiamin (B1)
23.) Deficiency of Niacin (B3 ) cause
a.)Beri beri
b.)Glossitis
c.)Pellagra
d.) Anaemia
Ans: c.)Pellagra
24.) Walking problems, sprain is caused by which vitamin ?
a.)Folic acid
b.)Pantothenic acid
c.)Biotin
d.)Ascorbic acid (C)
Ans: b.)Pantothenic acid
25.) Problems related to Blood clotting is causd by which vitamin?
a.)Tocoferol (E)
b.) Phylloquinone (K)
c.)Biotin
d.)Ascorbic acid (C)
Ans: b.) Phylloquinone (K)
26.) Water soluble Vitamin is:
a.)B-complex,
b.)Vitamin A
c.)Vitamin D
d.)Vitamin K
Ans: a.)B-complex,
27.) Kwashiorkor disease is caused due to deficiency of
a.)Fats
b.)Proteins
c.)Carbohydrates
d.)Vitamins
Ans: b.) proteins
28.) Anaemia is caused by which vitamin deficiency?
a.) Pyridoxine (B6 )
b.) Cyanocobalamin (B12)
c.) Folic acid
d.) 29.) Symptoms of Scurvy is
Pantothenic acid
a.)Diarrhoea, loss of leucocytes, problems related to mucus in the intestines.
b.) Walking problems, sprain.
c.)Fatigue, mental depression, muscle pains.
d.)Delay in healing of wounds, fractures in bones.
Ans: d.)Delay in healing of wounds, fractures in bones.
30.) Deficieny of Retinol (A) cause
a.)Nerves disorders
b.) Scurvy
c.)Eye, skin diseases
d.) Rickets
Ans: c.)Eye, skin disease
Very short questions
1.) What are Autotrophs?
Ans: The organisms classified as autotrophs are those that can make chemical compounds utilising light energy.
2.) What is Photosynthesis?
Ans: Using sunlight as an energy source, plants that contain the green pigment “chlorophyll” convert basic inorganic molecules into complex organic ones through a process known as photosynthesis.
3.) Give the equation for photosynthesis
Light
Ans: CO2 + 2H2 O CH2 O + H2 O + O2
Chlorophyll
4.) Which part of the plant helps in gas exchange and at what time?
Ans: The stomata which is present on the leaf surface helps in gas exchange and this occurs in day light.
5.) Where is the chlorophyll found in the plant cell?
Ans: Chlorophyll is found in organelles within the cell and such organelles are called as ‘chloroplasts’.
6.) Where does light dependent and light independent events occurs in plant?
Ans: The light dependent occurs in grana and light independent events occurs in stroma.)
7.) What are the steps involved in light reaction?
There are two steps:
Step 1 : When exposed to light, photons are absorbed by the chlorophyll, which then gets active.
Step 2: The energy is used in splitting water molecule to release O2
8.) What is meant by dark reaction?
Ans: This reaction does not require the presence of light and extension of the phases after day time may occur in some plants. This is also called dark reaction.
9.) What are heterotrophic nutrition ?
Ans: Heterotrophic nutrition is the way of nutrition in which organism depends on plants or other organism for their food.)
10.) What are saprophytes ? give examples.
Ans: Saprophytes are organisms that breakdown food outside of the body and then take it inside. For example, mold, yeast, mushrooms etc.)
11.) Describe the food nutrition in amoeba.)
Ans: A food vacuole is formed when small finger-like projections on the cell membrane of the amoeba fuse over the food particle. The food vacuum breaks down complicated compounds into simpler ones. eventually permeate the cytoplasm. The residual undigested material is expelled from the cell by moving it to its surface.
12.) what is digestion?
Ans: Digestion is the process through which complex chemicals are broken down into simpler substances with the aid of enzymes and then absorbed by the body.
15.) What is chyme ?
Ans: Chyme is food in the form of a mushy, slimy substance that has partially broken down proteins and carbohydrates.
16.) What does mean by emulsification ?
Ans: Fats are digested by converting them into small globule like forms by the help of the bile juice secreted from liver. This process is called emulsification.
17.) How does pancreatic juice helps in digestion ?
Ans: Pancreatic juice secreted from pancreas contains enzymes like trypsin for carrying on the process of digestion of proteins and lipase for fats.
18.) What are the end product of fats and carbohydrates ?
Ans: Fatty acids and glycerol and maltose are the end product of fats and carbohydrates
19.) What is the role of microvilli ?
Ans: The villi increase the surface area for absorption. Products of digestion are absorbed first into the villi and from here into the blood vessels and lymph vessels
20.) Why there is maximum absorption of food into small intestine ?
Ans: .. Microvilli are many finger-like projections found inside the intestinal wall. Villi enhance the surface area available for absorption. Thus after maximum absorption of food in the small intestine the rest passes into the large intestine.
21.) By which movement does the vomiting occurs ?
Ans: By the movement of peristalsis the vomiting is caused.)
22.) What are the reasons by which vomiting is caused ?
Ans: Vomiting can have a variety of causes, but overeating is one of the most common ones, particularly when the food has a high fat content. When the food is indigestible or harmful.
23.) What is malnutrition ?How it is caused ?
Ans: Malnutrition is the state of not having enough of one or more nutrients in the food that one eats. Poor health, willful starvation, lack of awareness of nutritional habits, socio-economic factors are all the reasons for malnutrition .
24.) What is Kwashiorkor disease? State its symptoms.
Ans: This is due to protein deficiency in diet. Body parts become swollen due to accumulation of water in the intercellular spaces. Very poor muscle development, swollen legs, fluffy face difficult to eat, diarrhoea, dry skin are the symptoms of this disease
25.) What is Marasmus? State its symptoms.
Ans: This is due to deficiency of both proteins and calories. Lean and weak, less developed muscles, dry skin, diarrhoea, etc.), are the symptoms of this disease.
26.) From what problems does the obese children from?
Ans: Children that are obese may experience issues with their hearts, kidneys, gallbladder, etc.)
27.) State the two groups of vitamins.
Ans: Vitamins are divided into two categories. There are two types of vitamins: fat soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and water soluble vitamins (B-complex and vitamin C).
28.) What are Resources, Deficiency diseases and Symptoms of riboflavin ?
Ans: The source are Milk, eggs, liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables. it cause Glossitis
Symptoms are Mouth cracks at corners, red and sore tongue, photophobia, scaly skin.
29.) What are the symptoms caused by deficiency of folic acid ?
Ans: The symptoms are Diarrhoea, loss of leucocytes, problems related to mucus in the intestines.
30.) What is Rickets caused by ?
Ans: It is caused by deficiency of Calciferol (D).
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