Gujarat Board Class 9 Solution Computer Chapter 2 History and Evolution of Computers Exercise Solution here in this Post.
Board |
GSEB Gujarat State |
Textbook |
9 Class |
Medium |
English |
Subject |
Computer Studies |
Chapter |
2 |
Chapter Name |
History and Evolution of Computers |
Gujarat Board Class 9 Computer Chapter 2 History and Evolution of Computers Solution:
1) Write a short note on history of computers. Also explain why Charles Babbage is known as the father of the modern day computers.
Ans:-
In the earlier ancient days, the device named as Abacus (A frame where 10 beads were attached to a wired strung) which was used for the calculation work. In the year 1642, a computer developed by Blaise Pascal could perform the limited calculation work. Leibniz also developed a computer, which could perform mathematical operations such as Addititon, Substraction, Multiplications, division, and calculating the square roots. In such type of computers the instructions inserted could not be altered once entered. In the year 1822, Charles Babbage designed a unique machine which could perform calculations without human interruptions. Charles Babbage also designed machine as analytic engine. The analytical engine had an separate arithmetic department which could perform arithmetic operations and mechanism used to store the results and instructions. Such technology of the analytic engine provided the base to the modern computers and hence Charles Babbage was regarded as the Father of modern computers. During the year 1940, Jon Van Neumann, founded the way of entering instructions into the computer by encoding/programming language. As result he was the man behind the first stored programmed computer.
In the year 1946, J. Preper and John W. Mauchly invented a huge ENIAC machine, at the University of Pennslyvania. The first ENIAC computer was so huge that, that it required number of vacuum tubes. It consumed a lot of energy which heated the machine and were kept in big size rooms for cooling purpose. It even used Punched cards for inputting / outputting of instructions. In such type computers, the instructions were fed by switches as if it had no internal memory.
2) Discuss characteristics of the first generation of computers. What are the major drawbacks of these computers?
Ans:-
The characteristics of the first generation computers and its drawbacks are as follows:-
Characteristics
i) The first generation of computers started with ENIAC which was then followed by IBM UNIVAC I
(Universal Automatic Computers) which was built by Mauchly and Eckert in 1951.
ii) The first generation of computers used vaccum tubes and punched cards.
iii) The computers were very big in size
iv) These computers were very slow in input/output.
v) The first generation of computers consumed a lot of energy.
Drawbacks
i) Vaccum tubes which were used in first generation computers had a very short span of life.
ii) The first generation computers were very huge in size and consumed a lot of energy which Resulted in heat and maintenance problems.
iii) Such computers were very slow in processing input/output.
iv) First generation of computers could not be used for commercial purpose.
3) Discuss characteristics of the second generation of computers. What are the major drawbacks of these computers?
Ans:-The characteristics of the first generation computers and its drawbacks are as follows:-
Characteristics
i) Transistors were introduced in second generation computers.
ii) The problem of heat was also reduced as if transistors were used.
iii) Second generation computers were very smaller in size and were very fast as compared to first
Generation computers.
iv) There was an improvement in the storage capacity.
v) These machines worked with High level languages such as ALGOL and FORTRAN.
Drawbacks
i) Second generation of computers faced difficulties while working with machine level language.
ii) Second generation of computers worked with high level language/assembly language which resulted into a tedious work in providing data and instructions.
4) What is machine level language?
Ans:- Machine level language or machine language is a two state/digit language having symbols 0 and 1. This is also called as Binary language and hence is understood by the computer.
5) What is an Assembly language?
Ans:- Assembly language is a language which uses ‘mnemonic codes’ or ‘symbols’.
6) What are the difficulties associated with the machine level and assembly languages?
Ans:-Whether it is a machine language or assembly language, it was still tedious to provide data and instructions. We are more comfortable with English like language. It would be much more comfortable if the data and instructions can be provided to computers in English like higher level language (or subset of English language) and computers can be trained to translate it into machine readable form.
7) Define higher level languages. Also provide two examples of higher level languages.
Ans:- Higher level language is a language in which data or instruction is been transmitted into a coded or in symbolic form which is understood by computer.
For ex. COBOL and FORTRAN.
8) What are Translators? In which languages the translators should be written?
Ans:- Translators are the special utilites which automatically translates the content which is written in higher level languages into machine readable form.
9) What is fourth generation language? Give an example of it.
Ans:- Programming language is regarded as fourth generation language which were designed to quickly develop applications/programs by specifying what to do instead of how to do. SQL (Structured Query Language) can be the example of fourth generation language.
10) What is system software?
Ans:- System software is software which controls/manages the working of hardware in computer system . It acts as a source between hardware and software. System software helps the computer to function properly, booting of the computer system, managing memory managing printers and other resources etc. For ex. Operating System
11) What is application software?
Ans:- Application software is a type of software that we make use in daily life. Different applications are been designed for different purposes. For ex. Tally is an accounting software package used only for accounting purpose, MS Excel for preparing different types of sheets, preparing and printing of reports, charts etc. MS PowerPoint is used for presentation purpose etc.
12) Distinguish between System software and Application software?
Ans:- The difference between System software and Application software is as followed:-
System software is a software which controls and manages the resources and workings of entire computer system
Application software is a software designed for a specific purpose.
System software provides specific functionalities like booting of computers properly, managing memory, managing of hardwires.
Application software provides application specific functionalities to a user.
For ex:- Windows operating system, Unix and Linux etc
For ex:- MS office suite, Tally, Adobe Photoshop etc
13) Write a short note on modern/popular computers.
Ans:-
Computer is an electronic machine, it does not understand human language. Computer only understands machine language (i.e the language of 0’s and 1). Whatever the data or information is feeded into the computer, is been converted into 0’s and 1. Every single digit of 0’s and 1 is called a Bit.
14) Define the terms:
Ans:-
a) Digital Computers:- What ever instructions are given to the computer in any generation programming language by the user, they are translated into bits (0’s and 1). Such computers are to be called as digital computers.
b) Analog computers:- Instead of digits Analog computers use linear combination of currents, frequencies or phases(voltage amplitude).
c) Hybrid computer:- The computers which is combination of digital and analog technologies is called as Hybrid computers.
d) Notebook computers:- In today’s world Notebook computers are also known as laptop computers. Notebook computers are very small in size, operate on batteries and are easier to carry from one place to another. A notebook computers have the same components of desktop computers including display, keyboard, a touch pad which acts a mouse, speakers etc. Nowadays the latest laptop (Ultrabook- is light weighted, small/thinner in size, high powered, low voltage processors, and has long battery life etc.)
e) Personal Digital Assistants:- Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) is also known as handheld or palm top computers. In comparison to Laptop handheld computers are very small in size. They are portable and can be carried anywhere. Pen like thing named as Stylus is used to operate the handheld computers. Handwritten
Input is directly accepted on the screen (Touch screen). Handheld computers are use for fixing appointments, saving contacts and address, playing games etc.
15) Write a short note on wearable computers?
Ans:-
Wearable computers are also known as body borne computers. Wearable computers are worn on the body by the user as if they are very tiny and light weighted. Wearable computers comes in the form of bracelets, pendants, ring, spectacles etc. such devices enables continuous interaction with the system. Along with handling wearable computers you can do your daily job parallel. A small programmed chip is fixed in wearable computer which monitors animal movement. A pre-programmed light weight micro-processor is fixed on animal’s body part like ears to monitor the movement of animal in the allotted region.
16) Choose the most appropriate option from those given below:-
1) Who of the following is known as father of modern day computers?
Answer: a) Charles Babbage
2) Which of the following is full form of ENIAC?
Answer: b) Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator
3) Which of the following are bulky, slow and suffered with heat and maintenance problems?
Answer: c) Vacuum tubes.
4) Third generation computers used which of the following technologies?
Answer: b) Integrated Circuits.
5) Which of the following computers are costly and can process billions of instructions per second?
Answer: a) Super computers.
6) In which of the programming language mnemonic codes are used?
Answer: a) Assembly.
7) Java, C, and COBOL, are examples of which of the levels of languages?
Answer: b) Higher level.
8) Which of the following generations of programming languages reduce programming effort by just specifying what to do instead of how to do ?
Answer: d) Fourth
9) Which of the following language generations use artificial intelligence techniques for problem solving and meeting their goal ?
Answer: d) Fifth.
10) Operating System is an example of which of the following type of software?
Answer: b) System.
11) In which category of the software does the payroll application fit?
Answer: a) Applications
12) Which of the following software manage computer hardware and act as an interface between computer hardware and software developed for business applications?
Answer: b) System.
13) What do you call a computer that operates on binary digits 0 and 1?
Answer: a) Digital.
14) What do you call a computer that uses linear combinations of voltage amplitude(or currents or frequencies or phases) instead of digits?
Answer: b) Analog.
15) Which of the following is also referred to as a handheld computer?
Answer: b) Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).