Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science (Sociology) Chapter 8 ‘Social Stratification’ textbook Questions and Answers Solution by Expert Teacher. This Chapter Exercise includes Fill in the blanks, Discuss in groups questions and answers.
I) Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
- ‘Truly the whole mankind is one’ is declared by Kannada Poet Pampa.
- ‘Untouchability is a stigma on Hindu religion’. This was told by Mahatma Gandhi.
- Section 17 of the Constitution declares that practice of untouchability is a punishable
II) Discuss the following in groups and write the answers:
1.) What is meant by social stratification?
Social stratification refers to the practice of classifying people as upper class and lower class on the basis of income, education, caste, colour, gender, occupation, intelligence etc.
“OR”
Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups within a society based on various factors such as wealth, power, social status, and access to resources. This system categorizes people into different social classes or strata, with some occupying positions of privilege and advantage, while others face disadvantages and limited opportunities. Social stratification can be influenced by factors like income, education, occupation, race, gender, and age, and it often leads to unequal distribution of resources and opportunities, resulting in disparities in quality of life and social mobility.
2.) How has social stratification been created?
This stratification has been done by society. For instance, opportunities for good nutritious food, school, and employment are more for children born in rich families. Children in poor families lack such opportunities. Children are not responsible for the segregation of people as rich and poor. But they have to reap the evil effects of stratification created by society.
“OR”
Social stratification has emerged as a complex societal construct shaped by historical, economic, and cultural factors. It begins with the unequal distribution of resources, such as wealth, education, and opportunities, often rooted in historical processes like colonization, slavery, and feudalism. Economic systems, like capitalism, further perpetuate inequality by concentrating wealth in the hands of a few, while societal norms and stereotypes can reinforce divisions based on race, gender, and class. Political institutions and policies also play a role, either perpetuating or mitigating stratification through taxation, welfare programs, and access to education and healthcare.
3.) What is meant by prejudices?
Prejudice is the opinion a person forms about another person or community even before he gets to know them. Usually we consider ‘our people’ as ‘good’. This feeling helps us to live in harmony. However, if it becomes intense, it can be detrimental.
“OR”
Prejudices refer to preconceived opinions, attitudes, or beliefs held about individuals or groups based on their race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other characteristics, often without sufficient evidence or rational reasoning. These biases can lead to unfair and discriminatory treatment, as they influence how people perceive and interact with others, reinforcing stereotypes and hindering efforts to foster equality, diversity, and inclusion.
4.) What are the constitutional and legal measures undertaken to eradicate untouchability? Explain.
Many laws have been brought into force to control it. Section 17 of the Constitution prohibits the practice of untouchability. The ‘Untouchability Crime Act’ was implemented in 1955. Some lacunae of this Act were rectified and the Act was amended as ‘Citizens’ Rights Protection Act’ in 1976. According to this Act, practice of untouchability is a punishable offence. Besides, universal suffrage and right to equality have been guaranteed in the constitution to all citizens of the country. All people belonging to backward castes, especially the scheduled castes, have been provided reservation in educational, political, economic and employment opportunities. The Regulation of 1989 confers special responsibilities to the state governments with regard to eradication of untouchability. In this manner, independent India has been striving to provide equal opportunities to all its citizens by showing great interest in curbing the evil practice of untouchability.
5.) What are the suggestions to stop the social evil of untouchability?
To combat the social evil of untouchability, a multifaceted approach is essential. First and foremost, education and awareness campaigns must be promoted to eradicate deep-seated prejudices and misconceptions. Legal measures and strict enforcement against discrimination should be implemented, with penalties for those who practice or promote untouchability. Encouraging inter-caste marriages and fostering social integration through community events and initiatives can also help break down barriers. Promoting economic empowerment and equal opportunities for marginalized groups is crucial to address the root causes of untouchability. Lastly, fostering tolerance, empathy, and inclusivity through cultural and educational programs can create a more equitable and harmonious society where untouchability is no longer tolerated.
III Activity:
1.) Read the biographies of social reformers who strived to eradicate untouchability.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent figure in the fight against untouchability, was born into a Dalit family in India in 1891. He dedicated his life to championing the rights of the oppressed and played a pivotal role in drafting the Indian Constitution, which abolished untouchability and ensured equal rights for all citizens. Another remarkable reformer, Mahatma Gandhi, advocated for the eradication of untouchability as part of his broader struggle for India’s independence from British colonial rule. His efforts included campaigns such as the Harijan movement, which aimed to uplift Dalits and integrate them into society. Additionally, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, a prominent leader in South India, relentlessly fought against untouchability by promoting rationalism, social justice, and the eradication of caste-based discrimination. These social reformers left an indelible mark on Indian society, contributing significantly to the ongoing battle against untouchability and caste-based discrimination.
IV Project:
1.) Write down your suggestions for eradication of untouchability and discuss with your teacher.
To eradicate untouchability, a multifaceted approach is imperative. Firstly, comprehensive education programs must be implemented to raise awareness about the inhumanity of this practice and promote social inclusivity from an early age. This should include both formal curriculum content and extracurricular activities focused on diversity and tolerance. Secondly, stringent legal measures should be enforced to penalize those who engage in or promote untouchability, ensuring swift justice for victims. Thirdly, economic empowerment through skill development and employment opportunities should be provided to marginalized communities, reducing their dependence on traditional caste-based occupations. Furthermore, community-based initiatives and campaigns should be encouraged to foster dialogue and break down stereotypes. Lastly, media and popular culture should play a role in reshaping public perception by portraying diverse and equitable societies. Collaborative efforts between government, civil society, and educational institutions are essential to usher in a more inclusive and egalitarian society, ultimately eradicating untouchability.