Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Term 2 History Solutions Chapter 1 Pdf
Tamilnadu Board Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Term 2 History Solutions Chapter 1: Tamilnadu State Board Solution Class 6 Social Science Term 2 History Chapter 1 – Vedic culture in North India and megalithic culture in South India.
Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1: Overview
Board |
Samacheer Kalvi |
Class |
6 |
Subject |
Social Science History |
Term |
2 |
Chapter Name |
Vedic culture in North India and megalithic culture in South India |
Multiple choice questions: (marks:1)
1.) ‘Shruti’ means:
A.) Listening
B.) Writing
C.) Acting
Ans: listening.
2.) The vedic families were:
A.) Matriarchal
B.) Patriarchal
C.) Egalitarian
Ans: patriarchal.
3.) Aditi was the:
A.) Goddess of Earth
B.) Goddess of wind
(C) Goddess of eternity
Ans: Goddess of eternity.
(4) Assertion (A): The early vedic culture in northern India known as chalcolithic culture. Reason(R): The early vedic culture in North India associated with chalcolithic culture. They used copper (chalco) and stone (lithic).
a.) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c.) A is true but R is false.
d.) R is true but A is false.
Ans: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Answer the following questions: (marks:1)
(1) Which period is known as vedic period?
Ans: Vedic period is a period in the History of India between 1500 BC (BCE) and 600 BC (BCE).
(2) What were the main occupations of Aryans?
Ans: cattle rearing was their main occupation but they also practised slash and burn agriculture.
(3) Which land is called sapta sindhu?
Ans: In the Rig Vedic times, the Aryan’s homeland was the Punjab, which was at that time called Sapta Sindhu, the land of seven rivers.
(4) What are the four Vedas?
Ans: The four Vedas are: Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva.
(5) From where the phrase ” Satyameva Jayate” was taken?
Ans: The phrase “Satyameva Jayate” was taken from Mundaka Upanishad.
(6) What were the tribal assemblies of Vedic period?
Ans: The tribal assemblies of Vedic period were: vidhata, sabha, samiti and gana.
(7)……….. was a tax collected regularly in vedic period.
Ans: Bali.
Answer the following questions: (marks: 2/ 3)
(1) Who were Aryans?
Ans: The Aryans were Indo-Aryan language speaking, semi nomadic pastoralists. They came from Central Asia in several waves of migration through Khyber Pass of Hindu Kush Mountains.
(2) What do you know about Slash and burn agriculture?
Ans: Slash and burn agriculture is a farming method that involves clearing the land by cutting and burning all the trees and plants on it. Cultivation is done there for a short time and then abandoned. People then move to a new piece of land for cultivation.
(3) Write down the sources of Vedic literature?
Ans: Vedic literature can be classified into two broad categories.
(A) Shrutis: The Shrutis comprise the four Vedas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads. They are considered sacred, eternal, and an unquestionable truth.’Shruti’ means listening, ones that were transmitted orally through generations.
(B) Smritis: A body of texts containing teachings on religion such as Ithihasas, Puranas, Tantras and Agamas. Smritis are not eternal. They are constantly revised.’Smriti’ means definite and written literature.
(c) Archaeological Sources: Material remains such as iron implements
and pottery from the archaeological sites in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan along the Indus and the Ganges.
(4) What is the difference between sabha and samiti?
Ans: sabha and samiti are the tribal assemblies of Vedic period. The main difference between sabha and samiti are: Sabha means a council of elders and samiti means assembly of people.
(5) What were the social divisions of vedic period?
Ans: In the early Vedic Society there were three divisions of society:
✓The general public were called Vis,
✓The warrior class was called Kshatriyas and ✓ The e Priestly class was named Brahmanas. At a later stage, when the Aryans had to accommodate non-Aryan skilled workers in their social arrangement, a rigid four-fold
Varna system was developed;
✓ The priestly Brahmanas,
✓ The warrior Kshatriyas,
✓ The land owning Vysyas and
✓ The skilled workers sudras.
(6) What were the metals known by rig vedic people? Ans: Metals known by Rig Vedic people were:
- Gold (Hiranya)
- Iron (Shyama)
- Copper/ Bronze (Ayas)
(7) What were the gods worshipped by the Rig Vedic people?
Ans: Rig Vedic Aryans worshipped mostly the earthly and celestial gods like Prithvi (Earth), Agni (fire), Vayu (wind), Varuna (rain), Indra (Thunder). There were also lesser female deities like Aditi (goddess of eternity) and Usha (appearance of dawn). Later, new gods were perhaps adopted from non-Aryans. Indra and Agni lost their importance.
Prajapathi (the creator) Vishnu (the protector) and Rudra (the destroyer) became prominent. Sacrifices and rituals became more elaborate.
(8) Write down about the ‘ Gurukula ‘ system in vedic periods?
Ans: The gurukula system is an ancient learning method. The word Gurukula is a combination of the Sanskrit Word Guru (teacher or master) and Kula (family or home). Features:
✓In the Gurukula system the shishyas resided with their guru and served them and
simultaneously learnt and gained knowledge.
✓The students received education through oral tradition meaning rote learning, and were required to memorise everything.
✓The subjects of the study included the four Vedas, Ithihasas, Puranas, grammar, logic, ethics, astrology, maths and military science.
✓The students were also trained to lead a disciplined life.
✓Only Dvijas could be Shishyas. No women could have formal education.
(9) What were the four Ashrams?
Ans: Towards the end of the later Vedic period, the concept of four stages in life or the four ashramas developed. They are:
✓ Brahmacharya means student Life.
✓ Grihastha represents married Life.
✓ Vanaprastha means going to the forest to meditate and
✓ Sanyasa means leading a life of an ascetic so as to attain Swarga.
(10) Which period is known as the megalithic period?
Ans: The term ‘Megalith’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Megas’, which means great and ‘lithos’ means stone. Using big stone slabs built upon the places of burial is known as Megalith.Towards the end of Iron Age, people stepped into what is known as Megalithic Culture {600 BC (BCE) and AD (CE) 100}.
(11) What were Dolmens?
Ans: Dolmens are Megalithic tombs made of two or more upright stones with a single stone lying across the burial site. Megalithic Dolmens have been found in Veeraraghavapuram village, Kanchipuram district, Kummalamaruthupatti, Dindigul district, and in Narasingampatti, Madurai district.
(12) What do you mean by Menhir?
Ans: In Breton Language ‘Men’ means stone and ‘hir’ means long. They are monolithic pillars planted vertically into the ground in memory of the dead.Menhir at Singiripalayam in Tirupur District and at Vembur in Theni District points to the existence of an ancient settlement along the banks of River Uppar. Menhirs are found at Narasingampatti, Madurai district, Kumari Kalpalayam and Kodumanal in Erode district.
(13) Write about Hero stones?
Ans: A Hero Stone is a memorial stone raised in remembrance of the honourable death of a hero in a battle or those who lost their lives while defending their village from animals or enemies. Hero stones are found at Mannur village near Palani, Dindigul district,Vellalankottai, Tuticorin district, and Pulimankombai, Dindigul district.
Answer the following questions: (marks: 5)
(1) Briefly discuss about the vedic culture.
Or,
Discuss about the vedic lifestyle.
Ans: Vedic period is a period in the History of India between 1500 BC (BCE) and 600 BC (BCE). We get to know about the vedic culture or lifestyle through shrutis(verbal records) smritis( written records) and varieties of archaeological sources.
✓Polity and Society:
The Rig Vedic polity was kinship based. Kula was the basic unit of the polity. It was under a head called Kulapati. Several families joined together to form a Grama (village). Grama was headed by Gramani. A group of villages was called Vis and was headed by Vishayapati.
Rajan was the head of the Jana and he was addressed as Janasyagopa. There were several tribal kingdoms during Rig Vedic period
✓King:
The main responsibility of the Rajan was to protect his tribe. His powers were limited by tribal assemblies namely Vidhata, Sabha, Samiti and Gana. The king appointed a purohit (chief priest) to assist him. In economic, political and military matters, the king was assisted by the Senani (army chief). Gramani was the leader of the village. Many Janas or Tribes were attached to form Janapadas or Rashtras in later Vedic period. The importance of Samithi and Sabha diminished and the Vidhata completely disappeared. New states emerged. In the later Vedic period bali was treated as tax and collected regularly. The Kuru and Panchala kingdoms flourished and large cities like Ayodhya, Indraprastha and Mathura also emerged during this period.
✓Social Organization:
The Vedic family was patriarchal. The fair complexioned Aryans distinguished themselves from dark complexioned non-Aryans whom they called Dasyus and Dasas. In the early Vedic Society there were three divisions; the general public were called Vis, the warrior class was called Kshatriyas and the Priestly class was named Brahmanas. Later , when the Aryans had to accommodate non-Aryan skilled workers in their social arrangement, a rigid four-fold Varna system was developed, i.e., the priestly Brahmanas, the warrior Kshatriyas, the land owning Vysyas and the skilled workers sudras.
✓Status of women:
In Rig Vedic society, women relatively enjoyed some freedom. The wife was respected as the mistress of the household. She could perform rituals along with her husband in their house. Child marriage and sati were unknown. There was no bar on the remarriage of widows. Nevertheless, the women were denied the right to inherit property from their parents. They played no role in public affairs.In the later Vedic period the role of women in society, as well as their status, even within the family, declined. Women could no longer perform rituals in the family. The rules of marriage became much more complex and rigid. Polygamy became common. Widow remarriage was not encouraged. Education was denied to women. Intercaste marriages were spurned.
✓Economic Life:
Economy in the Vedic period was sustained by a combination of pastoralism and agriculture. Though occupation of Rig Vedic Aryans was cattle rearing, there were carpenters, chariot makers, potters, smiths, weavers, and leather workers. Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP) was attributed to this period. Two crops a year were raised. In the later Vedic period the Aryans tamed elephants, apart from cows, goats, sheeps and horses. Pottery of this period was Painted Grey Ware Culture.Crops of wheat, rice and barley were cultivated. With the growth of agriculture, the idea of private possession of land came into existence. New crafts and arts developed leading to surplus production of commodities for sale. Trade became extensive. Barter system was prevalent. They used Nishka, Satmana (gold coins) and Krishnala (silver coins) for business transactions.
✓ Religion:
Rig Vedic Aryans worshipped mostly the earthly and celestial gods like Prithvi (Earth), Agni (fire), Vayu (wind), Varuna (rain), Indra (Thunder). There were also lesser female deities like Aditi (goddess of eternity) and Usha (appearance of dawn). Their religion was Yajna centered. The mode of prayer was recitation of Vedic hymns. People prayed for the welfare of Praja (children) , Pasu (cattle) and Dhana (wealth). Cow was considered a sacred animal. There were no temples. Idol worship had not yet come into existence. Later, priesthood became a profession and a hereditary one. New gods were perhaps adopted from non- Aryans. Indra and Agni lost their importance. Prajapathi (the creator) Vishnu (the protector) and Rudra (the destroyer) became prominent. Sacrifices and rituals became more elaborate.
✓Education:
The gurukula system of education was introduced. It is an ancient learning method. The word Gurukula is a combination of the Sanskrit Word Guru (teacher or master) and Kula (family or home). The shishyas resided with their guru and served them and gained knowledge. The students received education through oral tradition meaning rote learning, and were required to memorise everything.The subjects of the study included the four Vedas, Ithihasas, Puranas, grammar, logic, ethics, astrology, maths and military science. The students were also trained to lead a disciplined life. Only Dvijas could be Shishyas. No women could have formal education.
✓Age based Ashramas:
Towards the end of the later Vedic period, the concept of four stages in life or the four ashramas developed.
They are:
~ Brahmacharya (Student Life)
~ Grihastha (Married Life)
~ Vanaprastha (Going to the forest to meditate) and
~ Sanyasa (Leading a life of an ascetic so as to attain Swarga).
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